CHAPTER CELLS AND ENERGY 4 Vocabulary Practice

CHAPTER CELLS AND ENERGY

4 Vocabulary Practice

ATP light-independent reactions glycolysis
ADP photosystem anaerobic
chemosynthesis electron transport chain Krebs cycle
photosynthesis ATP synthase fermentation
chlorophyll Calvin cycle lactic acid
thylakoid cellular respiration
light-dependent reactions aerobic

A. Matching Write the vocabulary term or phrase next to its definition. CHAPTER 4
Cells and Energy
Calvin cycle electron transport chain photosystem
chlorophyll light-dependent reaction thylakoid

Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company. 1. Coin-shaped compartment that contains
light-absorbing molecules

2. A series of chemical reactions that produces sugars
from carbon dioxide

3. A series of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that
transfers high-energy electrons

4. Two groups of molecules in the thylakoid membrane
that capture and transfer energy

5. Reaction that captures energy from sunlight and
transfers energy to the light-independent reactions

6. Light-absorbing molecule in thylakoid membrane

Unit 2 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 61
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VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED

B. Stepped-Out Vocabulary Define each word. Then write two additional facts that
are related to the word.

WORD DEFINITION MORE INFORMATION
Example ATP three phosphate groups
molecule that transfers
energy from breakdown of food forms cycle with ADP
molecules to cell processes

1. aerobic

2. glycolysis
CHAPTER 4
Cells and Energy3. ADP

Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.4. fermentation

5. cellular respiration

6. anaerobic

7. Krebs cycle

8. lactic acid

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VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED

C. Word Origins Circle the Greek and Latin word parts in each vocabulary term. Then
use the Greek and Latin meanings to construct a very basic definition of the vocabulary word.

tri- = three photo- = light an- = without
di- = two syn- = together -ic = relating to
chemo- = chemical aero- = air -ase = enzyme

WORD DEFINITION
1. aerobic
2. anaerobic CHAPTER 4
3. photosystem Cells and Energy
4. chemosynthesis
5. photosynthesis
6. ATP synthase

D. Analogy Vocabulary Set The vocabulary terms below are related to energy and
the transfer of energy. On one blank line next to each vocabulary term, write the letter and
number of the definition that best matches. On the other blank line, write the letter and
number of the analogy that best matches.

Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company. DEFINITIONS WORD ANALOGIES
1. ADP A1. an empty gas tank
D1. the process that splits glucose
into 2 three-carbon molecules 2. electron transport chain A2. chopping a log in half to get
and makes 2 ATP firewood to burn

D2. a low-energy molecule

D3. a complex enzyme that makes 3. glycolysis A3. a full gas tank
ATP

D4. a high-energy molecule 4. ATP A4. a turbine that produces
that transfers energy to cell 5. ATP synthase electricity from the flow of
processes water

D5. series of proteins that A5. a pipe that carries water to a
transfers high-energy turbine to produce electricity
electrons

Unit 2 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 63
McDougal Littell Biology

VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED

E. Do-It Yourself Matching In a random order, write short definitions for each term on
the blank lines to the right. Then give your paper to a classmate who should write the number
of the term next to the correct definition.

1.thylakoid
2.fermentation
3.light-independent

reactions
4.anaerobic
5.lactic acid
6.chemosynthesis
CHAPTER 4
Cells and Energy

Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
F. Vector Vocabulary Define the words in the boxes. On the line across each arrow,
write a phrase that describes how the words in the boxes are related to each other.

GLYCOLYSIS
1.

2. 8.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION FERMENTATION
3. 9.

4. 10.

KREBS CYCLE LACTIC ACID
5. 11.

6.

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
7.

64 Vocabulary Practice Unit 2 Resource Book
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