Group 1 (3US) Unit 7 ; Extreme Situations

Unit 7 : Extreme Situations

➢ Word Focus Members ;
➢ Vocabulary
➢ Grammar 1. Noor Ain Fitrina bt Zammeri
2. Nur Azrin Widad bt Azhar
• Present Simple 3. Nur Nisriena Hasna bt Hasmanizam
• Present Continuous 4. Nur Rabihah Dahiyah bt Mohd Razif
• Stative Verbs 5. Nur Syakira bt Saidi
• Countable & Uncountable Nouns
• Quantifiers
• Past Perfect Simple & Past Simple
• Past Perfect Continuous
• Question Tags
• Subject & Object Questions
• Negative Question

➢ Writing (Story)

WORD FOCUS

Peak: the top of a mountain Exhausted: very tired

Ordeal: a very painful or difficult Underground: beneath the
thing surface

of the ground

valley: an area of low land between
mountains, often with a river through it

VOCABULARY

Companion A person or friend you travel or live with

Explorer Someone who goes to places not many people have ever been to

Expedition A trip to find or see something that is a low way away
Strength A physical power or energy

Journey A trip; travelling from one place to another
Destination The final place you want to get to when you go on a journey or trip

Limit The maximum point or level of something or someone
Condition The way things are around you; your circumstances

Adventure engage in daring or risky activity

Survive continue to live or exist, especially in spite of danger or hardship
Live remain alive

Survivors a person who survives, especially a person remaining alive after an event in
which others have died

Travel go from one place to another, typically over a distance of some length

Extraordinary very unusual or remarkable
Trip a journey or excursion, especially for pleasure

Collocations & Expressions

Keep Calm
Do Your best
Get Lost
Go Missing
Save Someone's life
Go On a journey
To Take a risk
Keep Surviving

Between Preposition
About
Of at, into, or across the space separating (two objects or regions)
To on the subject of; concerning
Over expressing the relationship between a part and a whole
expressing motion in the direction of (a particular location)
Along extending directly upwards from
moving in a constant direction on (a road, path, or any more or less horizontal
Onto surface)
used to show movement into or on a particular place
In expressing the situation of something that is or appears to be enclosed or
surrounded by something else
Below at a lower level or layer than
Under extending or directly below
On physically in contact with and supported by (a surface)
Across from one side to the other of (a place, area, etc.)
Above in extended space over and not touching
During throughout the course or duration of (a period of time)
Behind at or to the far side of (something), typically so as to be hidden by it

GRAMMAR

Present Simple SINGULAR CONTRACTION
I’M
SUBJECT “BE” FORM
I AM YOU’RE
ARE SHE’S
YOU HE’S
SHE IS IT’S
HE
IT

SUBJECT PLURAL CONTRACTION
YOU YOU’RE
WE “BE” FORM WE’RE
THEY THEY’RE
ARE

Present Continuous

> I am drinking water
> you are drinking water

> he / she is drinking water
> we are drinking water
> they are drinking water

Stative Verbs

Express a permanent state rather than an action and are not used in continuous forms
These are :

> verbs of the sense
> verbs of feelings and emotion
> verbs of opinion
> other verbs

Example :
1. Janes loves her new house ( emotions )
2. This soup taste delicious ( sens )
3. I think that’s a great idea
4. Those curtains cost a fortune

Countable Nouns

Most nouns are countable and have singular and plural forms.
Plane - planes
Family - families
Mountain - mountains
Participant - participants

We usually use a or an with singular countable nouns.
a mountain
an opinion

We can use some , any or a number (eg three) with plural countable nouns.
There are some birds in the park.
Are there any biscuits?
We're moving house in three weeks.

We use singular or plural verb forms with countable nouns depending on whether we are
talking about one or more items.

A family get-together is just what we need.
My sisters live in Hull.

Note: Some countable nouns don't end in —s. Remember to use a plural verb form with
them.

Children are sometimes unkind.
His feet are very big!

Uncountable Nouns

Some nouns are uncountable. They do not have plural forms.
▪ progress
▪ homework
▪ information
▪ knowledge

We don't use a or an with uncountable nouns. We can use some and any.
▪ I'd like some cheese in my sandwich.
▪ Have you got any plan tonight?

We always use singular verb forms with uncountable nouns.
▪ This fruit is so delicious.
▪ Milk is good for you.

Note: Some uncountable nouns end in —s. Remember to use a singular verb form with
them.
▪ The news isn't good
▪ Hiking is my hobby

We can use phrases describing quantity with uncountable nouns to say how much we
have.
The most common of these phrases are:

▪ a bag of
▪ a jar of
▪ a loaf of
▪ a can of
▪ a number of

▪ a bowl of soup
▪ a glass of water

Quantifiers

We use some with both uncountable and plural countable nouns in affirmative
sentences and in requests or offers.
• Here are some books for your research.
• Can you give me some advice ?
• Would you like some chocolate ?

We use any with both uncountable and plural countable nouns in negative
sentences and in questions.
• Did Julia buy any fruit at the market?
• Sarah hasn't got any brothers.

We use a lot/lots of with both uncountable and plural countable nouns.
• There's a lot/lots of traffic today.
• There are a lot/lots of people in town.

We use a little with uncountable nouns and a few with plural countable nouns in
affirmative sentences.
• I like a little milk in my tea.
• James always eats a few biscuits for breakfast.

We use much with uncountable nouns and many with plural countable
nouns in negative sentences and in questions.
• There wasn't much snow last night.
• Have many of your friends seen that film?

Past Perfect Simple & Past Simple

Past Perfect Simple Past Simple

We can use Past Perfect Participle when the We can use Past Simple it is clear which
order of the events is not clear , or when we want action happens first.
to emphasise which action happened first.
• We went to a talk and met
• He realised later that he had done a very • a famous explorer
dangerous thing

before/up to a certain time in the past some time in the past
Example: Example:

Before her sixth birthday, Jane had never Jane got up at seven. She opened her
been to the zoo. birthday presents and then the whole
family went to the zoo.

2nd column of irregular verbs had + 3rd column of irregular verbs
Example: Example:

I spoke I had spoken

regular verbs: infinitive + ed regular verbs: form of have + infinitive + ed
Example: Example:

I worked I had worked

EXCEPTIONS

Exceptions when adding ed:
▪ when the final letter is e, only add d

Example:
love - loved

▪ after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled
Example:
admit - admitted

▪ final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)
Example:
travel - travelled

▪ after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel)
Example:
worry - worried
but: play – played

Past Perfect Continuous

What is Past Perfect Continuous used for?

➢The past perfect continuous (also called past perfect progressive) is used for
actions that started in the past and were still in progress when another action
started or when something happened.
Eg : He had been free falling for several seconds before he opened his parachute.

➢ The past perfect continuous also used for actions that were in progress in the
past and had an effect on a later action
Eg : The hiker had been walking for days and collapsed just before reaching his
destination.

Past Present Future

Past Perfect Continuous

➢ The past perfect continuous is formed using had + been + present participle.
Questions are indicated by inverting the subject and had. Negatives are made
with not

Subject I/he/she/it/we/you/they

Affirmative Had (‘d)
Negative Had not (hadn’t)
Questions
Had … been

 Affirmative : You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she
finally arrived.

 Negative : You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she
finally arrived

 Questions : Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she
arrived?

“had been” + Present = Past Perfect
Participle Continuous

Question Tags

Question tags are short questions at the end of a positive or negative sentence.They are
form with a modal or an auxiliary verb + a personal pronoun.
We usually use an affirmative question tag after a negative sentence, and a negative
question tag after an affirmative sentence.

Question Tags Examples
Weren’t They
− All the passengers in the train crash were rescued, weren’t they?
Have They − They were the only group survived, weren’t they?
Isn’t He
− The climbers haven’t reached the summit yet, have they?
Don’t You − The explorers haven’t completed the expedition, have they?

− Ed Stafford is an amazing explorer, isn’t he?
− Cho Sanchez Rivera is a good companion, Isn’t he?

− You go to the expedition every two weeks, don’t you?
− You have reached the limit, don’t you?

When Subject & Object Questions
Who
What − When did you finish your journey?
which − When are you going to climb the mountain

− Who survived the expedition?
− Who get injured during the expedition?

− What is the survivor’s name?
− What are you bringing in this expedition?

− Which is the way to next place?
− Which one of you fall during the race?

Negative Questions

We use negative question

• To express surprise
• In exclamations
• When we expect the listener to agree with us

To Express Suprise In Exclamations When we expect the listener to
Didn’t Jamie finish the race? agree with us

Isn’t bungee jumping one of the Wasn’t that such an interesting
most thrilling extreme sports? documentary?

Didn’t you see Keith at the Hasn’t Clara finish the race yet? Wouldn’t it be nice if you be my
expedition? companion in this expedition?

Aren’t you coming with us to Weren’t they already arrived at Shouldn’t we win this race?
climbing? the destination?

WRITING 20 Marks , 120 words

Paper 2 , Part 2

Everyone was scared to death. They were EXPOSITION
trapped in the darkest cave they had ever seen RISING ACTIONS
after getting lost on a school trip.
CLIMAX
The students were screaming loudly as pieces of
rock fell to the ground. Luckily, no one was FALLING ACTIONS
injured.
RESOLUTION
Toby had never been in such an extreme ACTIONS
situation before, but he had been keeping very
calm.

All of a sudden, he remembered that he had his
mobile phone. His teacher had told everyone to
leave their phones in the tent but Toby decided
to secretly bring his.

As quick as lightning, Toby ran to his bag and
found the phone. He called his mum and
explained the situation. ‘Don’t worry,’ she said
‘Rescue teams are already looking for you.’ Toby
smiled and immediately told everyone the good
news.

EXPOSITION

- creative opening
- beginning of the story that introduces ;

• Conflict
• Character
• Setting

RISING ACTIONS

- Events before climax ; Character’s attempt to solve
problems but fails.

CLIMAX

- the turning point ; the point of greatest suspense or action

FALLING ACTIONS

- Action and events that occur after climax

RESOLUTION

- End of the story where the conflicts or problems are solved