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Alamo

Alamo, (Spanish: “Cottonwood”) 18th-century Franciscan mission in San
Antonio, Texas, U.S., that was the site of a historic resistance effort by a small
group of determined fighters for Texan independence (1836) from Mexico.

The building was originally the chapel of the Mission San Antonio de Valero,
which had been founded between 1716 and 1718 by Franciscans. Before the
end of the century, the mission had been abandoned and the buildings fell into
partial ruin. After 1801 the chapel was occupied sporadically by Spanish
troops. Apparently, it was during that period that the old chapel became
popularly known as “the Alamo” because of the grove of cottonwood trees in
which it stood.

In December 1835, at the opening of the Texas Revolution (War of Texas
Independence), a detachment of Texan volunteers, many of whom were recent arrivals
from the United States, drove a Mexican force from San Antonio and occupied the
Alamo. Some Texan leaders—including Sam Houston, who had been named
commanding general of the Texas army the month before—counseled the abandonment
of San Antonio as impossible to defend with the small body of troops available, but the
rugged bunch of volunteers at the Alamo refused to retire from their exposed position.
On February 23, 1836, a Mexican army, variously estimated at 1,800 to 6,000 men and
commanded by General Antonio López de Santa Anna, arrived from south of the Rio
Grande and immediately began a siege of the Alamo. Estimates of the size of the small
defending force (including some later arrivals) usually vary between 183 and 189 men,
though some historians believe that figure may have been larger. That force was
commanded by Colonels James Bowie and William B. Travis and included the renowned
frontiersman Davy Crockett. At the beginning of the siege, Travis dispatched “To the
People of Texas & all Americans in the world” an impassioned letter requesting support.
For 13 days the Alamo’s defenders held out, but on the morning of March 6 the
Mexicans stormed through a breach in the outer wall of the courtyard and overwhelmed
the Texan forces. Santa Anna had ordered that no prisoners be taken, and virtually all
the defenders were slain (only about 15 persons, mostly women and children, were
spared). The Mexicans suffered heavy casualties as well; credible reports suggest
between 600 and 1,600 were killed and perhaps 300 were wounded.

Although the Texan defenders suffered defeat, the siege at the Alamo became
for Texans a symbol of heroic resistance. On April 21, 1836, when Houston
and a force of some 900 men routed 1,200–1,300 Mexicans under Santa Anna
at the Battle of San Jacinto, the Texan forces shouted, “Remember the
Alamo!” That popularized battle cry later was used by U.S. soldiers in
the Mexican-American War (1846–48).

For many years after 1845—the year that Texas was annexed by the United
States—the Alamo was used by the U.S. Army for quartering troops and

storing supplies. In 1883 the state of Texas purchased the Alamo, and in 1903
it acquired the title to the remainder of the old mission grounds. The Alamo
and its adjacent buildings have been restored and are maintained as a state
historic site. They are managed on a daily basis by the Daughters of the
Republic of Texas (1891), a women’s organization composed of descendants of
Texan pioneers. In 2015 the Alamo along with four other 18th-century Spanish
missions nearby and a historic ranch to the southeast in Floresville were
collectively designated a UNESCO
Link Form : https://www.britannica.com/place/Alamo

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Name : Muhammad Nashrul Rahmadhani
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Place and date of birth : Mojokerto, 03 October 2006
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Region : Indonesia
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