Royal Town of Kuala Kangsar, Perak

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2.0 LEGIBILITY OF KUALA KANGSAR

In the study of the legibility of the town, it is
important for one to experience the town on their
own. This study is all about understanding the
layout of the town, where things are located, what
makes it vibrant and attractive and how people
travel from one point to another.

Every individual has diferent maps in their own
mind that helps them move about the town and
remember places that are significant to them. This
is how people get familiar about the town.

In Kuala Kangsar, most of the people that move PATHS EDGES
about the town are the locals. However, it is not
difficult for tourists to move about the town for Channels in which people move along in their All other linear elements that are not included in
there are many significant buildings and places that travels. paths.
help them, regardless if they are travelling by car
or by foot.

Legibility, in Kevin Lynch’s study, describes the Examples: Roads, railway, trails and sidewalk Examples: Streets, Sungai Perak, Sungai Kangsar
town with following terms: Path, Edge, District,
Landmarks and Nodes.

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DISTRICT NODES LANDMARK

Sections of the city that have an identifying Points or strategic spots where there is an extra External physical objects that act as reference

character about them. It is usually relatively focus, or added concentration of city features. It points. Sometimes, strong nodes evolve into

substantial in size. may be an intersection or any popular center. landmarks.

Example: Sultanate neighbourhood, Shoplots, Examples: Menara Jam, Lembah Kuala, Medan Examples: Medan Pavillion, Menara Jam, Dataran

Commercial Area Laksa, Dataran Vespa Putra

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2.1 FORMATION OF KUALA KANGSAR

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Figure 2.1: View of clock tower (Source: Ahmad Syaharuddin - Malaysia)

2.1.1 THE ZERO POINT As for Kuala Kangsar, the clock tower is classified
as the zero point of the town, as it is major landmark
A zero point can be generally defined as an and also the intersection point of the primary paths
intersection point of paths and has a very strong of Kuala Kangsar.
sense of direction. Thus, in the legibility context,
a zero point becomes a prominent landmark.
Therefore, the intersection point of the paths gives
orientation to the people that come to that area from
different directions.

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2.1.2 THE EDGES

the river is a bridge that connects both of the said
areas. As people move along the bridge heading
towards the Royal district, the environment starts
to change, whereby lush greenery gradually fills in
the landscape and the buildings get farther apart
from each other. It is not as busy as the town
because this area is a place for the royal residences
and recreational activities.

MAJOR EDGES Figure 2.2: View of Perak river (Source: Author) The Kangsar river is secluded from the town as
there had been numerous unsuccessful attempts
The Perak River is one of the longest rivers in Perak river, the magnanimous Istana Iskandariah to enhance the significance of this river. The
Peninsular Malaysia after the Pahang River in and Masjid Ubudiah can clearly be seen as these shophouses along Jalan Kangsar don’t even face the
Pahang. The Sultan Abdul Jalil Bridge is one of two buildings boast distinctive and prominent river, and this results in the river being neglected.
the bridges that spans across this river, connecting architectural features. There had been few effort to give meaning back to
Kuala Kangsar with Sungai Siput, Enggor and the river and none of them were successful enough
other villages such as Kampung Kuala Sayong Sitting along the riverbank, pockets of spaces to create the ideal environment that would attract
Hulu, Kampung Kota Lama Kanan and Kampung provide adequate facilities for recreational people, simply because it is tucked away from the
Kandang Hulu. This river is the edge of the town purposes. These facilities can be seen at the Taman the busy street of Jalan Kangsar.
itself, with clumps of small villages formed along Rekreasi Kuala Kangsar (K. Kangsar recreational
the riverbank. park) and Dataran Sungai Perak (Perak river Figure 2.3: View of Kangsar river (Source: Author)
square). Not only that, a massive complex selling
Moving on to the town itself, the development and handicrafts and a food court are provided to further
intensity of people are higher as it contains the attract more people to the town center.
commercial, administration and residential areas
compared to the small villages on the other side The Kangsar River is a stream that flows into the
of the river. Up until now, these small villages Perak River and it separates the town of Kuala
still remain as residences. As we move along the Kangsar from the Royal district. Spanning across

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MINOR EDGES

The town of Kuala Kangsar was built according to
several districts. These districts are automatically
formed with the addition of the roads, which
inevitably act as the boundaries of every district.
However, problems started to arise as development
grew within each district. As more buildings started
to appear, there was a need for more space within
each district.

Therefore, new buildings had to be built in other
areas that are not part of the district in which that
building should belong in. An example would be the
MPKK building, which was built in the commercial
district instead of the administration district.

Jalan Kangsar and Jalan Daeng Selili Figure 2.4: View along Jalan kangsar, the business street (Source: Author)

These roads don’t exactly function as boundaries Jalan Taiping
of a district. In fact, they are the district. Adorned
with shophouses, these streets loudly boast the This main road clearly separates the administration
commercial activities that take place in this district. and commercial area

Jalan Raja Muda

The residential and recreational areas of the Figure 2.5: View of Jalan Taiping (Source: Author)
royal district are defined by this road. Pedestrian
walkways for the public are only up until this road.
This means that there is a separation between the
public and the royal residences.

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2.1.3 NETWORK OF PATHS

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Paths are the main elements for a town. For Kuala Jalan Tun Razak In conjunction with the amount of vehicles on the
Kangsar, the paths play an important role to the road, it can be observed that there are not many
Royal town that make it so significant. The paths pedestrians walking along Jalan Taiping because
in Kuala Kangsar can be broadly subdivided there is no proper walkway and usually, the
into three types; namely primary, secondary and pedestrians would just cross the road at
tertiary roads. the junction near Jalan Bendahara and
around the clock tower roundabout.
“Paths are the channels along which the observer
customarily, occasionally, or potentially moves. Figure 2.6: View along Jalan Tun Razak (Source: Author) Figure 2.7: View along Jalan Taiping (Source: Author)
They may be streets, walkways, transit lines,
canals, railroads.” (Kevin Lynch) Jalan Tun Razak is the main road that connects the
railway station to Kuala Kangsar town and Malay
PRIMARY PATHS College Kuala Kangsar. This road was previously
known as Jalan Station before it was changed to Jalan
Primary paths are the paths that connect the Raja Idris, and then Jalan Tun Razak. Jalan Kolej
town of Kuala Kangsar to other towns. There Melayu and Persiaran Bendahara are the two minor
are some primary paths that are frequently roads that link Jalan Tun Razak to Jalan Taiping.
used by the locals, which are Jalan Tun
Razak, Jalan Taiping, Jalan Raja Chulan, Jalan Jalan Taiping
Kangsar and Jalan Daeng Selili. Meanwhile,
Jalan Istana is the street that connects the town The starting point of Jalan Taiping starts
center to the Royal district of Kuala Kangsar. from Plus Expressway and ends at the Clock
These roads are crucial and important in the Tower, which is the zero point of the town
development of the town because all of these and a highly significant landmark. This street
roads start off at the zero point, which gives is currently being used for the daily commute
direction to move about Kuala Kangsar. of the locals, mainly in cars and motorcycles.

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Jalan Istana Jalan Daeng Selili SECONDARY PATHS

Secondary paths are paths that link two or more
primary paths together. The secondary paths can
either be one-way or two-way, and usually the
vehicular usage of these roads is less than that
of primary paths. Jalan Kolej Melayu, Persiaran
Bendahara, Jalan Bendahara, Persiaran Pasar,
Jalan Temenggung, Jalan Laksamana, and Jalan
Shahbandar are some of the secondary paths in
Kuala Kangsar.

Figure 2.8: View along Jalan Istana (Source: Author) Figure 2.9: An Array of shophouse along Jalan Daeng Selili Persiaran Bendahara
(Source: Author)
Jalan Istana is one of the town’s main roads. It
provides a connection to the Royal district and this Jalan Daeng Selili is the main road that relates
road conjoins with two other minor roads, namely Kuala Kangsar to Ipoh and Sungai Siput. This is
Jalan Raja Muda and Jalan Bukit Kerajaan. The one of the busiest roads in Kuala Kangsar because
vehicular traffic along this road is quite high but it is located in the commercial district. Alongside
declines when going up Bukit Chandan. This is due that, there are three other secondary roads that head
to the fact that most vehicles would rather take the towards the Perak river and they are widely used
Jalan Raja Muda during their commute. by the vehicles.

Aside from that, a pedestrian walkway can be seen Jalan Kangsar Figure 2.10: View along Jalan Bendahara (Source: Author)
along Jalan Istana. Not only is it adorned with lush
greenery on either side, it is also well-maintained; This road is a connector between two towns which This road is stretched out from Jalan Tun Razak
providing a pleasant experience for pedestrians. are Kuala Kangsar and Manong. It is a road that to the junction of Jalan Kangsar. It serves as the
is one of the busiest in Kuala Kangsar, because it entrance for a few buildings such as Dewan Jubli
is located in the commercial disrict, where it is Perak, Police Station, Clifford School and the bus
always buzzing with people. terminal.

Jalan Kolej Melayu THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 617
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Persiaran Bendahara I &II

Figure 2.11: View of Jalan Kolej Melayu (Source: Author) Figure 2.12: View of Jalan Kolej Melayu (Source: Author) Figure 2.14: View of Jalan Kolej Melayu (Source: Author)

This road links Jalan Taiping to the entrance of Jalan Bendahara These secondary paths provide linkage from Jalan
Malay College Kuala Kangsar and was used by the Bendahara to the Clock Tower and vice versa.
locals to head to Jalan Tun Razak. Students of the Jalan Taiping and Jalan Kangsar are linked by These paths are located around Bandar Baru and
two schools here occasionally use this road as a Jalan Bendahara. Branching out from this road are often used by the locals as a shortcut to get
shortcut to get to other places. are two other secondary paths, which is Persiaran to the Clock Tower. They often use thes paths to
Bendahara I & II that link to Bandar Baru. avoid the traffic jam that would occasionally take
Jalan Temenggung, Jalan Laksamana & Jalan place along Jalan Kangsar.
Shahbandar

The locals often use these roads to head towards the
Perak river front, where some of the commercial
activities are held. Jalan Temenggung and Jalan
Laksamana are two-way roads while Jalan
Shahbandar is a one-way road.

Figure 2.13: View of Jalan Kolej Melayu (Source: Author)

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TERTIARY PATHS

Tertiary paths are essentially paths that run between
secondary paths, such as backlanes and small
alleys. In Kuala Kangsar, a lot of backlanes can be
found in two areas, which are the Bandar Baru and
the Lembah area.

Figure 2.16: View along Jalan Bendahara (Source: Author)

Figure 2.18: View along Jalan Bendahara (Source: Author)

Figure 2.15: View along Jalan Bendahara (Source: Author)

Bandar Baru Figure 2.17: View along Jalan Bendahara (Source: Author)

Back lanes in the area of Bandar Baru are often active spot because many activies take place there.
used by the locals for parking purposes and other Not only do the loading and unloading activities
daily routines. These backlanes are more spacious occur here in these back lanes, they also provide
than the conventional backlanes elsewhere. shortcuts for the town dwellers to pass through.

Lembah

In area of Lembah, back lanes are considered as the

2.2 DISTRICT and culture OF KUALA KANGSAR THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 619
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Kuala Kangsar is divided into several districts
which are based primarily on their zoning, land
use, activities and culture in each respective
area. This is important to give people the
general idea of what Kuala Kangsar is all about.

Figure 2.19: Districts of Kuala Kangsar Town
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

620 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS The Royal district can be identified through its
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN physical characteristics because it has a different
environment compared to other areas of the town.
2.2.1 ROYAL DISTRICT The royal bridge and arches across the Kangsar
River are the prominent structures that indicate
Figure 2.20: Royal disrict of Kuala Kangsar the presence of the Royal district. What connects
the town to the royal district is Jalan Istana, and
in between these two areas, there is a recreational
area and a school.

The royal district is owned by the royal family
so that any form of development relates back to
the royal activities and events. This district hosts
the galleries and residences of the royalties.
The buildings in this area are not as compact as
that of the town, so it creates a calm and serene
environment for the people.

The buildings here, such as the Ubudiah Mosque
and Istana Iskandariah, are built with grand visual
characteristics to show the greatness and power of
the Sultan. Put aside all that, this district is also a
tourism area for tourists because there are several
places in this area which are open for the public.

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Kuala Kangsar has always been associated with
Perak royalty; making the royal district the most
important district in Kuala Kangsar. The starting
point of this district is the iconic gateway that gives
a different feeling to the visitors, making them feel
that they are already in the royal area. Here, the
visitors will be greeted by several magnificent
buildings that are related with the royals. The
majestic structures are Istana Idris, Galeri Sultan
Azlan Shah, Masjid Ubudiah, Istana Iskandariah
and Istana Kenangan.

Studies show this area as a royal district. However
the interesting part of this is that the people or
‘rakyat’ themselves are residing amongst the
royals. Usually, only the royalty is privileged to
live here.

Aside from that, the houses in this district are
always kept clean and tidy to conform to the proper
etiquettes of the royal neighbourhood. From this
style of living, we conclude that the diversity in
this district gives Kuala Kangsar its special charm.

Figure 2.21: The arch that symbolize the entrance of Royal district (Source: Author)

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622 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
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Figure 2.22: Sultan Azlan Shah Gallery, a gallery to reserve and exhibit royal items (Source: Author)

Figure 2.23: Baitul rahmah, one of the house for royal relative Figure 2.24: A house for royal relative along Jalan Istana Figure 2.25: Royal relative house nearby Masjid Ubudiah
(Source: Author) (Source: Author) (Source: Author)

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Figure 2.26: Front entrance of the gallery (Source: Author) Figure 2.27: Masjid Ubudiah as a whole (Source: Author)

The Sultan Azlan Shah Gallery serves as a it is so well-known that even outsiders could point
landmark to the royal district due to its distinctive out exactly in which town this building is situated
architectural features. When driving up the slope of in. It is impossible to drive up Jalan Istana and miss
Jalan Istana, this magnanimous building is the first this mosque, as the curvy nature of the road itself
building that appears in your peripheral vision. The leads you to this colossal building.
gallery hosts a wide variety of items belonging to
the current and previous Sultans of Perak that had Figure 2.28: Masjid Ubudiah’s main entrance (Source: Author)
once dominated the state. These items range from
the Sultans’ clothing apparels to gifts and presents
that they had received during their service to the
town.

Further up Jalan Istana sits the colossal Ubudiah
Mosque. This mosque used to be exclusively for
the royalties before it opened its for the public.
Currently, this is one of the two mosques in the town
of Kuala Kangsar. The Ubudiah Mosque is one of
the most well-known buildings of the town. In fact,

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624 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
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Figure 2.30: The local at the riverbank (Source: Author)

This riverbank is actually a small fishing port for the
locals that is located right at the edge of the Perak
River. It is usually occupied late at night until early
dawn because that is the time when the fishermen’s
catch would be plentiful. However, it is considered
as a very weak node because it is not well-defined
and it does not really gain much attention from the
people. But ultimately, it is still a place where the
locals gather to perform a similar activity, which
is fishing. It may also become an interaction spot
among the fishermen.

Figure 2.29: Main building of Royal Palace (Source: Author)

Istana Iskandariah is the Royal Palace of Kuala Although it is a palace, it is not the official residence
Kangsar, classified as one of the main landmarks of the Sultan and his family. In fact, they do not
of Kuala Kangsar. The Royal Palace is where the even live here. The palace is only in use during
coronation of new Sultans takes place and the official events that are related to the royalties, and
palace is exclusively for the royalties only. more often than not, only the royalties and certain
people are allowed inside.

2.2.2 ADMINISTRATION DISTRICT THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 625
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN
Figure 2.30: Administration district
The administration district is the area of the
town where all the offices and government
buildings are located and it is situated between
the educational and commercial districts. Majlis
Perbandaran Kuala Kangsar (MPKK), police
station, Ridzwaniah mosque, Pejabat Agama Islam
and Pejabat Daerah dan Tanah are the buildings
available in this district.
Generally, all administration buildings can easily
be identified because they are multi-storey and
bigger in scale compared to the commercial
buildings in other districts. The MPKK building
is one of the main landmarks in this town because
it is located right in the heart of Kuala Kangsar,
which is near the clock tower.
During weekdays, there are people who go in and
out from the administrative buildings to settle their
errands. Overall, this district is quieter and does
not have much activities, unless there are special
occasions.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

626 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS This rather out-of-place building was not originally
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN specifically designed for the Majlis Perbandaran
Figure 2.31: MPKK, the town council of Kuala Kangsar (Source: Author) Kuala Kangsar (Town Council of Kuala Kangsar).
This building was built as a result of winning a
design competition, and upon the completion of its
construction, the Town Council of Kuala Kangsar
was moved here.

It can be considered as one of Kuala Kangsar’s
main landmarks due to its rather unorthodox style
of architecture, one that does not exactly fit in with
its surrounding context -- buildings which were
built many, many decades ago when the British
was in possession of the town. Not only that, this
building can be established as a landmark due to
its location that is near the iconic clock tower, the
busiest roundabout of the town. It is impossible to
miss this building when making a turn around the
clock tower as it would be the first building you
would see when heading towards Jalan Taiping,
one of the four main roads that branch out from the
roundabout.

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Figure 2.32: Dewan Jubli Perak (Source: Author) This rubber tree is the first rubber tree that was
ever planted on the grounds of Kuala Kangsar. It
Dewan Jubli Perak is the place where special could be considered as one of the landmarks of
events are held; such as weddings and other social the town, despite the fact that it is weakly defined
gatherings. It can be categorized as a node of the in the sense that it is not as prominent as the Big
administration district because it is the place where School of MCKK. However, due to its sheer size
the local people gather and interact with one another. and its location of being adjacent to one of Kuala
It is not certain how many events the building hosts Kangsar’s busiest intersections, it has the potential
every month, but it can ascertained that the Dewan of being a widely recognized landmark. There is an
Jubli Perak is a major node. However, it is a weakly open sitting space area in front of the oldest rubber
defined node simply due to the fact that the special tree. Yet, there is only a few passer-by rest or sit at
events are only held occasionally, while the rest of that area.
the time, it only remains empty and uneventful.
Figure 2.33: The first rubber tree in Kuala Kangsar (Source:
Author)

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628 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS Ridzwaniah Mosque is the biggest mosque in
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN Kuala Kangsar. It is easily spotted along Jalan Raja
Figure 2.34: Ridzwaniah mosque (Source: Author) Idris. A number of food stalls can be seen along the
perimeter of the mosque. As for the social aspects,
one could see the influx of food sellers on Friday
and also the sudden increase in traffic before and
after Friday prayers. The intensity of people also
increases as they stop by the food stalls to get some
food.

It is a major node that is constantly buzzing with
the locals, who are either on their way to pray or to
grab a bite at one of the small food stalls outside.
One could smell the fried foods from the stall, like
pisang goreng and kentang goreng. Besides that,
fresh fruit drinks and sliced fruits are sold by the
roadside.

The significance of the mosque lies in the fact that
it is the only mosque easily accessible by the school
boys of MCKK and SMK Clifford to perform their
Friday prayers.

Figure 2.35: Food stall are open close to mosque on friday Figure 2.36: Local activities nearby the mosque
(Source: Author) (Source: Author)

2.2.3 EDUCATIONAL DISTRICT THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 629
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Figure 2.37: Institutional district
Mention the town of Kuala Kangsar to any person,
and they would immediately associate it with
the Malay College of Kuala Kangsar, which is
located right here in this district and also serves
as the first and prominent landmark of this district.
This famous institution was built in the early 19th
century, and opposite this institution sits another
school named SMK Clifford (built in late 18th
century). It is not hard for passersby to identify
this district as what it is since it is located right
next to the main road, which is Jalan Taiping. And
as people drive by from the North-East Highway,
they can easily spot the first landmark of this town
which is none other than the Malay College of
Kuala Kangsar. Other schools available in this
town which are not part of the educational district
are the Raja Perempuan Kelsom (RPK) School and
the Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) Tsung
Wah. They are located in the Royal district and
Commercial district respectively.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

630 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS The Malay College Kuala Kangsar features as a
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN landmark due to its distinctive British Colonial style
Figure 2.38 front facade of MCKK (Source: Author) of architecture. It is a definitive landmark of not
only its district, but also of the whole town of Kuala
Kangsar. This is due to the fact that this institution
is well known for its impressive achievements since
decades ago, gaining popularity and recognition of
people from all over the country.

It is not only a landmark due to its popularity among
the whole country. In fact, the MCKK building
itself is as impressive as its institution. Not only is
it colossal in size, it is also adorned with decorative
ornaments from the British Colonial era. On top of
that, it sits right in the center of a massive piece of
green land, boasting its power and dominance of
the whole district.

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Figure 2.40: Greeneries in MCKK (Source: Author)

Figure 2.39: British colonial architecture influence can be The school field of Malay College Kuala Kangsar is character.” The MCKK school field fulfills his
identified on MCKK design (Source: Author) a vast piece of land that is situated right in front of definition of a node in the sense that it is a place
the Big School, where the dormitories are located. where the students gather to carry out a similar
This field acts as a node exclusively for the students activity, which in this case, it is to practice/play
of MCKK as it is where they usually have their sports. The school field only gains concentration
sports practices in the morning and in the evening. of human activity before and after school hours,
which is in the morning and evening respectively.
According to Kevin Lynch, writer of the book
“Image of the City”, nodes “may simply be
concentrations which gain their importance from
being the condensation of some use or physical

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632 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS Right opposite the school field of MCKK sits
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN another school field for the students of SMK
Figure 2.41: Clifford school, built in late 18th century (Source: Author) Clifford. Compared to the school field of MCKK,
this particular field is a more prominent node in this
district due to its location being right at the edge of
the main road (Jalan Taiping), and adjacent to the
main intersection of Jalan Taiping and Persiaran
Bendahara, whereas the school field of MCKK is
tucked in the back and away from the busiest road
in the district.

Much like the school field of MCKK, this field
mainly serves as a place for the students to play
sports. However, it is not as exclusive as MCKK’s
school field. In fact, this field is more open towards
the public, despite the concrete and metal fences
lined along its edges similar to those of the opposite
school field. Coupled with its strategic location --
which is right next to the main road -- this field
provides the passersby a glimpse of the identity of
the educational district.

THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 633
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

Figure 2.42: Big trees adorn the menicured sidewalks of Jalan Figure 2.43: A couple of MCKK student crossing the road to get Figure 2.44: Shaddy trees line at the fences of MCKK (Source:
Kolej Melayu (Source: Author) from the dorm to classroom on the opposite sde of the road Author)
(Source: Author)

At first impression, the educational district seems With the two school fields being occupied by its
to be very quiet and calm, much like the whole respective students, the true identity of the district
town itself. However, there will be times when the can be seen. It tells the town dwellers that they have
atmosphere starts to change, especially in the late arrived at the town’s educational district, where
afternoon. some of the country’s top leaders were born. Not
only that, the educational district is a very pristine
There is a contrast between the atmosphere of the and well-kept place in comparison to the other
district during the morning and the late afternoon. districts of the town. The road is itself is void of
Some parts of the district somehow become alive any form of trash, although there are hardly any
and full as the students of MCKK and SMK Clifford dustbins around. The sidewalks are paved well and
start to head to their own respective school fields. lined with a series of trees that provide shade and a
This is the time where the two fields would be seen cooling effect to the dwellers.
as the liveliest part of the district as the boys go
about their sports activities. Some of them would
be practicing rugby, some would do football, and
some would simply just run around the perimeter
of the field.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

634 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

Figure 2.45: Lush greenery surrounds the pavillion (Source: Figure 2.46: The school field in relation with MCKK (Source: Figure 2.47: School boys of Clifford school playing in the field
Author) Author) (Source: Author)

Previously, this pavilion used to be the look- The school field of Malay College Kuala Kangsar is Right opposite the school field of MCKK sits
out point of the nobility as they lingered about, a vast piece of land that is situated right in front of another school field for the students of SMK
watching a game of polo that used to take place at the Big School, where the dormitories are located. Clifford. Compared to the school field of MCKK,
the field that currently belongs to SMK Clifford. It is This field acts as a node exclusively for the students this particular field is a more prominent node in this
deemed as one of the landmarks of the educational of MCKK as it is where they usually have their district due to its location being right at the edge of
district not only because of its unique architectural sports practices in the morning and in the evening. the main road (Jalan Taiping), and adjacent to the
style -- which is a combination of Malay and main intersection of Jalan Taiping and Persiaran
Chinese architecture -- but also due to its location According to Kevin Lynch, writer of the book Bendahara, whereas the school field of MCKK is
that sits next to the intersection of Jalan Persiaran “Image of the City”, nodes “may simply be tucked in the back and away from the busiest road
Bendahara and Jalan Raja Idris. concentrations which gain their importance from in the district. Much like the school field of MCKK,
It is also a lone structure that sits on a piece of flat being the condensation of some use or physical this field mainly serves as a place for the students
land. This adds more prominence to the pavilion, character.” The MCKK school field fulfills his to play sports. However, it is not as exclusive as
making it stand out even more in the eyes of a definition of a node in the sense that it is a place MCKK’s school field. In fact, this field is more
layperson. In addition, sitting across this finely where the students gather to carry out a similar open towards the public, despite the concrete
crafted piece of art is none other than the Big activity, which in this case, it is to practice/play and metal fences lined along its edges similar to
School of MCKK. sports. The school field only gains concentration those of the opposite school field. Coupled with its
of human activity before and after school hours, strategic location -- which is right next to the main
which is in the morning and evening respectively. road -- this field provides the passersby a glimpse
of the identity of the educational district.

2.2.4 COMMERCIAL DISTRICT THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 635
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN
Figure 2.48: Commercial district
The commercial district is the most crowded and
dense area of the town and it becomes the main
focal area for the locals. . It is where the locals
are often seen flooding the streets either in their
vehicles or simply just by walking on foot from one
place to another. The commercial district is also
where all the sales and businesses take place, hence
the term “commercial district.” When approaching
nighttime, the street activities start to dwindle and
die down.

Lively as it may be, the main commercial areas
of the district are only along Jalan Kangsar and
Jalan Daeng Selili which can also be termed as
the Business Street. The shophouses located along
these two streets sell a wide variety of items such
as food and beverages, telecommunication gadgets,
retail goods, and clothing apparels. Apart from
that, this district also holds a couple of facilities for
the community; mainly the post office and Majlis
Amanah Rakyat (MARA).

Situated in one of the shoplots along Jalan Kangsar
is the famous Yat Lai Restaurant, a Chinese
restaurant that is well-known for its delicious
pau, which is a sweet local delicacy. All in all, the
commercial district is a versatile place for all types
of businesses and local needs.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

636 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS As people enter this street, its true character can be
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN seen clearly with all the activities happening here.
Figure 2.49: Kangsar street, the focal street for local to find their daily needs (Source: Author) The sound of vehicles passing through, people
walking and chatting and students meandering
around during their free time, and people selling
food give this street its own identity. There are a
wide variety things that people can get in this street
because there are a lot of retail shops, supermarkets
like The Store, restaurants and banks located here.
This becomes the main street for the locals to find
their daily needs. This area is very busy, starting
from the wee hours of the morning up until the
evening. The hecticness of this street starts to
dwindle down as the night comes. At night, this
street is not as busy as in the daytime, as all the
shops are closed and people use this road only to
pass through.

THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 637
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

Figure 2.50: The clock tower poses as a strong landmark Figure 2.51: Labu sayong scupture dominates the roundabout Figure 2.52: View of Arena from Persiaran Sungai
(Source: Author) (Source: Author) (Source: Author)

The clock tower is the “zero point” of Kuala Much like the Clock Tower, the Labu Sayong can The arena is one of the major nodes of Kuala
Kangsar, the standing structure that gives a sense be considered as a landmark due to its primary Kangsar and it is the place where the locals open
of direction for the town dwellers. It poses as a function as a roundabout. “Labu Sayong” is a type up small booths that sell a variety of items, ranging
highly significant landmark of the whole town as of handcraft that originates from Kuala Kangsar from apparels to souvenirs -- and at a relatively
it is the sole point that branches out into different itself. cheap price too. The whole complex itself is a vast,
districts that make up Kuala Kangsar. open-plan atrium, allowing its occupants to freely
walk around to browse the items being sold there.
However, the arena is only flooded with people --
locals and tourists alike -- during the weekends and
on holidays.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

638 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

Figure 2.53: Dweller of the square (Source: Author) Figure 2.54: Iconic war jet at Dataran MPKK (Source: Author) Figure 2.55: Dataran Putra (Source: Author)

Dataran Vespa (Vespa Square) is a flat land Dataran MPKK (MPKK Square) is a small piece Dataran Putra (Putra Square) sits opposite the
comprising mainly of small eateries. A belt of trees of land that holds the iconic war jet. The jet itself MPKK Square, where the iconic war jet is located.
line the edge of the square next to the Perak River, sits on a concrete platform that is accessible from The square is a piece of flat land that is filled with
providing shade and a cooling sensation to the the ground, almost as if it were put on a pedestal lush greenery, intending to provide shade and
occupants there. This node is well-defined due to to remind people of its significance. Passersby can thermal comfort to its dwellers. At the middle of
the fact that it is always full of people, especially on actually sit and linger below and around the jet, the square sits a water fountain that provides a
the weekends. This is the place where the famous and with the addition of several big, tall trees that place for the town dwellers to simply sit around
cendol and laksa bungkus -- the local delicacies -- partially line the perimeter of the whole compound, and relax. Not only that, placed underneath the
are available; some of them are sold in small trucks it makes the square a great spot for people to come canopy of the big shady trees that face the river are
while the rest are sold in small shops next to the and hang out. Those trees act as a barrier from a few benches for the people to sit on. However,
Kangsar River, the smaller river that branches out the busy street, protecting the compound from the even though there had been some effort to provide
from the Perak River. noise and air pollution coming from the cars that thermal comfort to its dwellers, this node is proved
pass by the road. to be rather weak, simply due to the fact that the
trees do not provide enough shade and the water
fountain itself is exposed to the sun. It is also
deemed as an occasional node because it is only
used in the morning and late afternoon, when there
is not much exposure to the sun.

Figure 2.56: Sketches of front facade of THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 639
Yat Lai Restaurant (Source: Author) EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

Restoran Yat Lai is one of the main tourists
attractions, even among the local people as well.
It is a Chinese restaurant that is located in one of
the shoplots along Jalan Kangsar. Put aside the fact
that it is a Chinese restaurant, where the Muslims
would presumably assume that it is non-halal, it
is still a place that is always buzzing with people
of all races and religions. This restaurant has been
known for its delicious pau, which is a soft, white
bun with a variety of fillings inside, for generations.
It is so well-known for its sweet delicacy that even
the Sultan of Johor would sometimes come all the
way from the south just for a bite of their delicious
pau.

Apart from that, this restaurant is also considered
as one of the places a tourist should drop by,
according to the Tourism of Perak. Needless to say,
this generations-old restaurant is definitely a place
to be experienced, regardless of racial backgrounds
and religions.

Figure 2.57: The environment inside Yat Lai restaurant
(Source: Author)

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

640 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

Figure 2.58: variety type of food available in Medan selera Figure 2.59: Pasar minggu be a focal point for local in weekend Figure 2.60: Various type of foods and items can be found
(Source: Author) (Source: Author) (Source: Author)

The Medan Selera (foodcourt) is only active in The Labu Sayong is a kind of pottery that is made traditional motifs derived from floral elements.
the morning during breakfast hours and at night, out of clay which is typically used as a water Up to this day, the Labu Sayong remains as an iconic
until midnight. Many retirees spend their morning container. “Labu” means pumpkin, and “Sayong” element of Kuala Kangsar and is still admired not only
at the little cozy restaurants available here, sipping is the district where these potteries are widely for its use, but also for its beauty and aesthetic values.
coffee and eating nasi lemak or curry mee and pau. produced. Its shape and form are derived from
At nighttime, many vendors operate this foodcourt, a pumpkin, hence the name Labu Sayong. This
offering an array of dishes. This makes it a hangout kind of pottery is widely available throughout
spot for the youngsters, together with providing the town, but it is only widely produced in the
entertainments such as a big screen tv. However, Sayong district of Kuala Kangsar which sits
between the two mentioned time periods, the opposite the Perak River from the main town.
foodcourt becomes quiet and more mellow. Traditionally, this pottery is made by having the
raw clay sit on a spinning plate, and as it spins, the
On another note, during the weekends, families craftsman would use his hands to shape the clay.
come in for breakfast as there are farmers’ market
and weekend market happening at the same area. However, there also exists another method
The entertainment at night remains the same. of producing the Labu Sayong, and that is by
using a mould. The Labu Sayong is adorned
with detailed and ornate carvings, using

THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 641
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

Figure 2.61: Double lion hotel, located closely to Labu Sayong scuture roundabout (Source: Author) Figure 2.62: the restaurant also produces bread
(Source: Author)

Double Lion Hotel is one of the oldest hotels in the
town and has left many memories for the elderly
who have been residing here since a long time ago.
On the ground floor of this hotel, there is a reception
area for the hotel and also a small cafe. This cafe
boasts its own uniqueness that comes from the age-
old furniture adorning the shop that can rarely be
found elsewhere. This makes it a special place for
the elderly to visit because it gives them a sense of
nostalgia. Apart from the furniture, this cafe makes
delectable, homemade, good-quality bread at a
relatively cheaper price.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

642 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

Figure 2.62: Pasar Besar Kuala Kangsar, the main source of raw Figure 2.63: A seller arranging his vegetbale for sale Figure 2.64: Bus station at area Bandar Baru
product (Source: Author) (Source: Author) (Source: Author)

The wet market of Kuala Kangsar was built in Kuala Kangsar’s wet market plays a really important This bus station can be considered as a node,
1984 and acts as the main source of raw products role for the community. Cats can easily be seen all primarily due to the intersection of paths from
for the Kuala Kangsar community. It opens from around the area. The place is in bad hygiene as the locals and outsiders alike. Like all bus stations,
5am until 1pm. The area is always busy with the drainage system is not working properly but it is this one is no different in terms of its function. It
locals trading from each other. The familiar scent a normal scenario at the market. The market gets becomes a point of entry and exit for the locals
of a wet market is inevitably present here and can busy from 6am to 10am as the community will and outsiders alike. It can be considered as one
already be identified from the entrance of Persiaran crowd the place to buy their daily goods. of the nodes of the town in the sense that it is the
Pasar from Jalan Kangsar. point where there is an intersection of paths and a
significant concentration of similar activity.

2.2.5 RECREATIONAL DISTRICT THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 643
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN
Figure 2.65: Leisure and recreational district
The recreational district is one of the key elements
that make up this town. It is located next to the
commercial area, which is easily accessible by
everyone. The main river of Perak -- which is the
Perak river -- is also located next to the it to promote
the riverside, while simultaneously enhancing its
attraction.
Playgrounds and wide, open spaces fill up the
district to provide a place for outdoor activities
such as aerobics and zumba. Apart from that, a
jogging track and an outdoor gymnasium are also
provided for the locals to spend their leisure time
doing healthy activities.
Teenagers and students from nearby schools and
colleges frequent the area during weekdays to take
some time off after classes. During weekends, the
park is filled with families and their children. As
the parents sit for a picnic, their children run about
the park. However, it is only during the weekends
that the park becomes a lively place to be in.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

644 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS Laman Budaya is essentially a recreational park for
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN the people. It is where the locals come with their
Figure 2.66: Laman budaya entrance (Source: Author) families and siginificant others, either to have a
picnic or simply to just take a walk along the Perak
river. The river adds another dimension to the
whole park itself, providing a more relaxing and
cooling environment for its occupants. Apart from
that, the park hosts a few things for the people to
enjoy; mainly, a gazebo for families to have their
picnics, and a playground for the children to enjoy
as the adults go about their activities. It is also
made more enjoyable and pleasing for people to
enjoy with the addition of lush greenery within the
whole compound.

THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 645
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

Figure 2.67: Children playground provided in the park Figure 2.68: Pedestrian walk also use for jogging activity Not only that, this area also provides ample space
(Source: Author) (Source: Author) for small businesses such food stalls for the park
dwellers. Many food trucks open up by the park
Figure 2.69: Facilities that provided is well maitained (Source: providing food and drinks to quench the thirst from
Author) the hot weather. These services brings about more
people to the area.

The park is a very cool space, with big trees that
shade most of the area. The grass is well-maintained
as well the playground facilities. Safety measures
are taken care of at this park. A soft pavement is
provided underneath every playground facilites to
reduce the injuries of the children. In maintaining
the cleanliness of the park, many dustbins are
provided, making the park a rubbish-free area.

Lanai Casuarina is a hotel that provides
accommodation for locals and outsiders alike.
It can be considered as one of Kuala Kangsar’s
nodes because this is one of the main places an
outsider would head for during their visit to the
town. This hotel is also one of top-class hotels in
the town. Located along Jalan Istana, this hotel
provides astounding sceneries for its guests. It can
be considered as a minor node.

Figure 2.70: Greeneries element use as shading
(Source: Author)

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

646 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

2.3 PROMINENT LANDMARKS IN KUALA KANGSAR

1877 landmarks 1913
The First Rubber Tree Ubudiah Mosque
The first rubber tree was Figure 2.73 : Ubudiah Mosque
planted in Kuala Kangsar. Source: Author This royal mosque is
The seeds were brought by adorned with natural
H.N. Ridley. Since then, it colours that make the
became an important crop. whole building lavish
and exclusive. One of
DISTRICT the special elements
of this mosque is the
Figure 2.71 : The first rubber tree unique dome structure
Source: Author in the shape of large
and small onions.

1875

1909 1920
Malay College Kuala Kangsar Iskandar Polo Pavilion
- Big School
This Pavilion stood togeth-
The MCKK (Big School) was Figure 2.72 : Malay College Kuala Kangsar - Big School seen from er with the clubhouse of
established as a boarding school school field the Iskandar Polo Club as
to educate the sons of the Malay a sports spectating tower
elite. This building has always Source: Author for nobles. This building
been so solemn and majestic that is attractive for it is a cross
it catches the attention of many between a Chinese Pagoda
people. and a Victorian bandstand.

Figure 2.74 : Iskandar Polo Pavillion
Source: Author

THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 647
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR; UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

1933 2003
Istana Iskandariah Sultan Azlan Shah Gallery

Istana Iskandariah was This gallery is a showcase of
the royal palace of the the life and times of the former
Perak Sultanate and the Sultan Azlan Shah of Perak. It
official residence of the has a unique pyramid roof. It
Sultan of Perak. The was influenced by Victorian
building is rectangu- architecture, Indian architec-
lar in shape with onion ture and an interesting fusion
shaped domes painted of European and Malay archi-
in gold. tecture.

Figure 2.75 : Istana Iskandariah Figure 2.77 : Sultan Azlan Shah Gallery
Source: Author Source: Author

2015

1939 2008
The Clock Tower Kuala Kangsar Municipal
Council (MPKK)
The clock tower has always
been the most important icon in MPKK was transferred into a
Kuala Kangsar as it was built High-Tech style building along
right at the heart of the royal Jalan Taiping in 2008. The
town. It eventually became a most interesting element of this
significant reference point. building is the use of exposed
structural steel as its aesthetic
Figure 2.76 : The clock tower finish.
Source: Author
Figure 2.78 : The clock tower
Source: Author

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

648 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

2.4 swot analysis

THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 649
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

• Kuala Kangsar has many beautiful and significant landmarks. • Most of the landmarks are located far apart from each other and this makes
it inconvenient for people to travel from one landmark to another.
• Kuala Kangsar has a systematic network of primary paths whereby each
route is connected to the clock tower, the zero point of the town. • Some of the existing nodes are not well-maintained and lack urban
facilities.
• The Perak river plays an important role in connecting both sides of the
community which are the Royals and the commoners, and most of the • The edges and boundaries of each district in the town are not well-defined
community activities take place at the river. and often overspill into the adjacent districts.

• Kuala Kangsar holds many valuable Malay culture that promotes tourism.
For example, the arts of making the Kris (Malay weapon), producing the
Tekat (Textile Embroidery) and traditional craft (Labu Sayong).

OPPORTUNITIES CONSTRAINTS

• The Rubber tree located at the intersection of Jalan Tun Razak and Jalan • The orientation of the shophouses facing the main streets becomes a
Raja Chulan can be enhanced to become a node. constraint to the development of the area near the river.

• Existing landmarks can be linked with urban furniture or other • The existence of highways causes less people to be brought into Kuala
enhancements to create a historical trail around the town, providing a clear Kangsar.
guidance for tourists.
• Maintenance of the facilities near the riverbank is costly, limiting new
• development to be made.
The Persiaran Sungai is capable of being a successful node, provided tha
the jetty caters for more facilities and well-maintained boat-ride services.

• The law enforcement of the building construction regulatories limit the
urban development of the town.

• Annual floods constrain the urban development along the Perak river.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

650 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 2.6 recommendation
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

2.5 conclusion

The legibility of Kuala Kangsar town, as a whole, is Besides, the geographical factors also somehow Urban trail
very well defined. It is well defined according to the restricting the further development of the town. For
5 main elements of legibility suggested by Kevin example, the riverbank of Perak River is potentially In conjunction with the Town Council’s intentions
Lynch in his book, Image of the City, which are, i) for further tourism development, however, due to to create an “Urban Trail” around the town for
path, ii) edge, iii) district, iv) nodes and v) landmark. high cost of maintenance of the facilities around tourists to go by, it would be wise to have the urban
the riverbank, limiting the new development. trail connecting all the landmarks available in the
The elements of legibility are vital to build Hence, reducing the potential of being an attraction town. The Urban Trail is a proposed scheme by
a small, individual mental map in a person’s point of the town which can be considered as node. the Town Council to link the significant buildings
mind to move from a point to another in a town. of Kuala Kangsar together, creating a historical
These key elements help people to move about In conclusion, the legibility of Kuala Kangsar journey for tourists to enjoy. Currently, the
the small town of Kuala Kangsar. They also town, as a whole is successful in serving the landmarks of the town have weak connections to
help to direct tourists around the town starting purpose. Even though there are few elements each other. Therefore, by having an “Urban Trail”
from drop off point at the town’s Bus Terminal. that need further enhancements to improve the to connect all these landmarks, tourists would be
legibility of Kuala Kangsar, the existing elements able to have a sense of direction when exploring
From the legibility study done, even though it and facilities already help the town to develop the town.
is considered as successful and well defined for successfully both economically and leisure.
Kuala Kangsar town, however for some points A simple way of making the “Urban Trail” a reality
and considerations, there has been some lacking is to have adequate pedestrian walkways that reach
in public facilities maintenance and technical from one landmark to another. In a town that was
issues in certain elements of legibility of Kuala developed for cars instead of pedestrians, having
Kangsar town. Taking example of the elements of adequate pedestrian walkways around the town
path, the construction of North-South expressway would most likely increase the chances of having
in 1994 has causes less people to encounter more people to travel around the town by walking
Kuala Kangsar town. Hence, less chance of on foot rather than using a vehicle.
users of the road to pass through the small town
and discover magnificence things contained in it. Another way of realizing the “Urban Trail” is
by having bicycle lanes alongside the proposed
pedestrian walkways that link each landmark
together. Due to the fact that bicycle rentals are
getting more and more attention from the locals,
having bicycle lanes around the town would
greatly increase the economy of the town simply

THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 651
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

by having more people renting bicycles. tree ever planted in the town, it has to be adorned in
such a way that it boasts its significance. One way
More activities at the riverside of doing it is by having a clearer signage.
Apart from that, more urban furniture can be
Currently, the Perak River has lost its significance added around the vicinity of the rubber tree so
to the people of the town. However, with the that it becomes a place for people to sit and rest
accessibility of the riverside (Persiaran Sungai), as they walk about the town. Human psychology
the significance of the riverside can be restored. demonstrates that as humans, we tend to look
This can be done by making the riverside more for a place to rest. Therefore, by providing more
lively and eventful so that more people would head seating near the rubber tree, it attracts more people
towards the once-significant river. By making the towards it. Indirectly, people are bound to realize
riverside a node, the significance of the river would the significance of that first rubber tree as they sit
most likely be reinstated. and rest for a while.

One of the many ways to make the riverside a
successful node is by providing more leisurely
activities for the people to enjoy. For example, the
jetty at the riverside can provide more activities and
facilities, as well as offer more boat rides that go
up and down the river. A narrated boat tour would
also be ideal to make the experience a lot more
interactive yet informative at the same time. The
idea here is to make the riverside more eventful
so that it would attract more people towards the
riverside.

Enhancing the First Rubber Tree.

The rubber tree located at the intersection of Jalan
Tun Razak and Jalan Raja Chulan is one of the
clear opportunities in making Kuala Kangsar a
better town. Due to the fact that it is the first rubber

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

652 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

Building ttypology is the classification of buildings according to building style and
individual styles and also architectural patterns.
This chapter talks about the development of styles and the characteristics of each style in
depth, explaining from the general street at large, then zooming in on each architectural
style, according to its timeline, discussing about the details and the patterns that are
prominent in each style.

FIGURE3

3.1 figure ground showing the district and landuse of Kuala Kangsar THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 653
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

Kuala Kangsar, distributed into 5
districts for easy referencing, are as
follows: the royal district, where the
town originated from, the commercial
district, where business and the main
income of the town takes place, the
educational district, where most of the
schools of the town are located at, the
recreational district, which comprises
of parks for leisure and a nice stroll
along the Kangsar river, and also the
administrational district, which was
developed in the most recent years.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

654 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

architecture style timeline

Lisse Photo Studio Istana Negara
Source: author Source: author

STRAIT ECLECTIC SARACENIC
Two or three opening each Three storey building with

floor facade. Decoration double tiered roof.

arches and column are used.

1880 1890 1890 1895 1897

EARLY STYLE MALAY,CHINESE FUSION ROMAN & MODERNISM
Louvred shutter lining across Its has triple tiered roof Arches with key stone can
with louvres. The facia be seen on facade. Verandah
the facade. board carved in geometrical is provided to adapt tropical
motives. climate.

Shophouse Jalan Syahbandar First Hospital of Kuala Kangsar Clifford School
Source: author Source: author Source: author

THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS 655
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

This show the timeline of achitecture style over the time
in Kuala Kangsar. From this timeline, we can explore
the developement and variation of architecture in this
historical town.

Sultan Idris Club Istana Hulu
Source: author Source: author

MODERN MALAY ART-DECO
The wooden building has Europeon and Malay style
double tiered roof with timber can be seen on this Art Deco
louvres. Decorative facia can Building. Pyramid shaped
be seen on facade. roof is used.

1903 1904

NEO-CLASSICAL MALAY
There are round louvre plaster Double stack porch roof is
moulding in cornice and
tuscnan pillar in facade. used. Floral and geomatric

motive can be seen.

District Office (MPKK) Church of Resurrection
Source: author Source: author

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE | FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT | UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

656 THE ROYAL TOWN OF KUALA KANGSAR: UNVEILING ITS CHARMS
EXPLORING THE ROYAL TOWN

architecture style timeline

Masjid Ubudiah Ridzuaniah Mosque
Source: author Source: author

SARACENIC SARACENIC
A large dome is surrounded by The praying area in the eight
four porches contain a dome.
The building enclose by 8 and square with a dome in the
16 tower.
middle.

1905 1913 1914 1915 1917

ROMAN COLONIAL DUTCH COLONIAL
Ionic column and detailed French window, decorative Octoganal building with
semi circle steel arch as
cornice plaster are used. cornices can be seen on ornamentation of roof
structure.
facade.

Malay College Kuala Kangsar SRJK (C)Tsung Hwa Madrasah Idrisiah
Source: author Source: author Source: author