Science For Thought - Vol 4 (2018) - No.2 Failures, ocd

SCIENCE

FOR THOUGHT

Volume 4    Edition 2    March-April 2018

The science of failure OCD The connection between
Truth about introverts Phobias teens and domestic
violence

WORDS FROM EDITOR

Date Greetings, fellow YSF readers! This issue of Science For
Thought is brought to you by the newest team of
ptet ysf

ptetysf YSF18/19. It is such an honour to be given the opportunity

@ptetysf to take part in the creation of Science For Thought’s

March/April Edition. I want to give the readers my

sincerest apologies for posting the newsletter so late in the
ptetyouthscienceforum month as we were still adjusting to the new life of 6th form

and thank you very much for your patience.

As the new Chief Editor, I would like to thank my editorial
team for putting in effort and working with me to produce
this month’s Science For Thought issue. I would also like to

thank our seniors who helped us tremendously and also
Cg Rohaini for the excellent guidance.

We welcome our readers to voice out your opinions on
our newsletter and leave suggestions on how we can
improve. Without further ado, we hope that you will enjoy

our second edition of Science For Thought 2018.

LAW TZE SHAN
CHIEF EDITOR
MAR/APR 2018

12

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THE TRUTH ABOUT INTROVERTS

BY: LILLY AFIQAH DID YOU KNOW?

Upon hearing the word ‘introvert’, people Facts about Introverts
often stereotyped it as shy, quiet or even a 1. Introverts react quickly to new
loner. However, there are different shades of information, but are slower to
introversion. In this article, you will find the monitor change.
criteria of the 4 types of introverts.
2. Introverts needs some time
alone.

3. Introverts dread small talks.
4. Introverts are deep thinkers.

5. Introverts are more creative.

6. Introverts likes the rain.

7. Pretending to be extroverted
can affect their performance
negatively.

“Solitude matters, and for some people, it’s
the air they breathe”- Susan Cain

One of the most asked questions regarding with close friends than go to parties with many
introversion is “Do introverts hate people?” unfamiliar faces. However, if you think this is a
Don’t worry, they don’t. The commonly case of shyness, it’s not because there’s no
understood as the stereotypical meaning of anxiety attached to their need of being alone.
introversion is the social introversion. Social Being around too many people will simply
introverts prefer solitude or a small crowd drain their energy quickly so they use their ‘me-
time’ to recharge themselves.
over a large group of people They would
rather stay at home with a book or hangout

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Next is the thinking and over in their head and others, and they want
to feel connected so they
introversion. This type of contemplating what might crave deep and meaningful

introverts, unlike social have gone wrong. conversations

introverts, don’t feel the need to Last but not least, the On a final note, all of the
avoid social scenes. Thinking restrained introverts, also four types of introversion
introverts are introspective, known as reserved introverts might be present in one
thoughtful and self-reflective. work on a slow pace because introvert. There is no
Moreover, they like to daydream they are the type to think introvert who distinctly
using their imaginative and before they speak or act. To adopts only one of the four
creative capacities. prevent impulse from types of introversion. Now
that you have reached the
The third type of introversion is affecting their decision end of this article, do you
consider yourself an
the anxious introversion. making, they like to take their introvert?

Anxious introverts often seek time in making choices.

time alone because they feel self- Another characteristic that is
conscious and they experience generally present in introverts
is that they dread small talks.
painful shyness around new This makes them seem
people. However, these anxieties uninterested in other people.
will remain within themselves The truth is, they really
even when they are alone. This dislike small talks because it
is because they let situations play creates barriers between them
over

2

OCD

By: Law Tze Shan

When people think of OCD, majority of them would
think about people with extreme hygiene standards.
Although this is usually the common case, OCD is not all
just about a person being obsessed with keeping themselves
and their surroundings at a high standard of cleanliness at

all times.

; Spring 2016
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DEFINITION

OCD stands for Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder. It is an anxiety disorder in which
people have unwanted, repeated thoughts
and engage in behaviours or acts in
response to these thoughts.

WHAT CAN OCD DO?

DID YOU KNOW? Obsessions are thoughts or impulses that
occur repeatedly and seem to be out of the
Fact 1: person's control. These thoughts are
intrusive and unpleasant, leading to a high
Daniel Radcliffe, Cameron, degree of anxiety. Obsessions are typically
Diaz, Leonardo DiCaprio, accompanied by feelings such as fear or a
Megan Fox and Justin feeling that things have to be done in a
Timberlake are all certain way that is “just right". An example
celebrities who have lived would be a concern about the smoothness of
with OCD. a shirt that a person is ironing or a constant
fear of catching diseases.
Fact 2:
Compulsions are the second part of OCD.
OCD is treatable, and These are tiresome behaviours that they
people who suffer from it carry out in an attempt to make the
can live a normal life. obsessions go away. For example,
washing their hands repeatedly and
Fact 3: excessively because they fear that they
may be contaminated with germs.
OCD can affect men and
women equally. 2

Fact 4:

On average, people are
diagnosed with OCD when
they are 19 years old.

; Spring 2016
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WHAT CAUSES OCD? DID YOU KNOW?

Although the exact cause is Famous football player, David
not known yet, research Beckham has admitted that he
suggests that the disorder has a suffers from OCD. He stated in
neurobiological basis. an interview that he has to have
Inheritance also plays a role in everything in a straight line or in
the development of the pairs.
disorder. Further studies are to
be made about this. A teen known as George suffered

TREATMENTS from extreme OCD. At age 19,

The most effective he shot himself in the head,
treatments for OCD are
Cognitive Behaviour hoping to end the pain of OCD
Therapy(CBT) and
medications prescribed by a for good. Miraculously, he
licensed mental health
professional. survived the injury and

shockingly, his OCD was cured!

He went on to become a straight-

A college student and live a

normal life. 3

+ DID YOU KNOW?

THE Fact 1: Failure makes the
SCIENCE OF same goal seem
FAILURE less attainable.

By: Wong Tze Siang Fact 2: Failure also
distorts your
perceptions of
your abilities.

Fact 3: Failure makes you
believe you’re
helpless.

Fact 4: A single failure
experience can
create an
unconscious ‘fear
of failure’.

Fact 5: Fear of failure can
be transmitted
from parents to
children.

+ Failure is a crucial part of life. In fact, failure is
necessary to succeed. It’s through failure that we
“I can accept
failure, learn the greatest lessons that life could teach us.
However, almost all of us fear failing. This article
everyone fails explores the reasons behind our failures, and
at something, what to do when we fail.

but I can’t Believe it or not, failure is inevitable. There are a
accept not lot of people who plan to do something without
failing. Thinking of getting it right the first time is
trying.”
good, but it is impossible to avoid failures. We
-Emma Watson have to accept that failure is inevitable to move
on with our life.

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There is a majority of In order to succeed, we In conclusion, failure is
people giving up after need to be able to accept meant to help us rather
failing. You should never the fact that we failed. than hinder us. Realizing
give up whenever you fail. Whenever you fail, the importance of failure
If you give up, you will not identify your mistakes is hard when we have
improve. As a result, and come up with failed. Failing in life
things will only get worse. something positive out of should inspire you to
Whenever you fail, try to it. Do not look at failure improve instead of
look at how it happened as a sheer dragging you down. It's
and think of how you can embarrassment, think of okay to be wrong, even
improve. Failing is okay, it as a way to improve. in front of the public,
but giving up is not. There is nothing wrong because that's how we
with failing. learn and grow.
Research showed that we
seldom take credit for our Failing is necessary for 2
failures. Instead, we blame life. Failure is a part of
failure on external factors success; it reminds us
such as luck or the that success requires
difficulty of the task. On persistence and
the contrary tend to take perseverance.
credit for our success and Acceptance of failure
attributing them to internal allows us to learn from
factors such as how much our mistakes and
effort we put in, the skills
we have, or our own
experiences.

Dolor Sit Amet

PHOBIAS By: Allen Stuart Wong &
Muhammad Hasbul Amirul
Hakim Bin Abdul Warith

“The only thing we
have to fear is fear
itself”

INTRODUCTION

Fear is one of the most basic human emotions. It helps to avert us from potential
threats. But if you fear something too much, whether you fear irregular patterns
of holes or clowns, you are probably diagnosed with a mental disorder called
phobia. But what is a phobia exactly?

A phobia is an exaggerated fear (usually inexplicable and illogical) of a particular
object, class of object, or a situation. In most cases, the phobia involves a sense
of endangerment or a fear of harm even if the situation doesn’t actually cause any
harm. Despite individuals being aware that their phobia is irrational, they cannot
control their fear. Phobia is divided into three categories: specific phobia, social
phobia and agoraphobia. As the name suggests, specific phobia involves an
irrational, persistent fear of a specific object or situation (heights, animals,
blood, etc.). Social phobia is more than just shyness, it is the paralyzing fear of
interacting with others. Agoraphobia on the other hand, is often misunderstood
to be simply a fear of leaving home, however, this is not quite accurate.

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Phobic people are preoccupied with the
possibility of encountering the objects or
situations that they fear. Some are willing to
waste extra time and energy to avoid such
situations. People with these kind of mindsets are
usually unable to overcome their fears as they
shape their lives in order to avoid it and this could
eventually bring impact upon one’s life.

For example, a person diagnosed with
Anthropophobia which is the fear of human will
find it rather difficult to interact with other
people in their workplace and will feel
uncomfortable during meetings. Another
common example is glossophobia that translates
to the fear of public speaking. According to
studies, people’s number one fear is public
speaking while death is the second most feared by
people. That doesn't sound right. That is just
basically saying that a majority of people are more
afraid of public speaking than death! Public
speaking is a very vital skill in the working world.
People with glossophobia will have a very difficult
time giving talks in public.

3

Why do people get phobias?

• Specific phobias most commonly begin during
childhood, teenage years, or early
adulthood based on in-real life events
(usually frightening event or stressful
situations) that may not be consciously
remembered. As an example, phobia of
dogs may steam from being attacked by
one as a small child.

• A social phobia may develop from teenage
awkwardness or childhood bullying.

• Most people who have agoraphobia develop it
after having one or more panic attacks,
causing them to fear another attack and
avoid the place where it occurred. For some
people, agoraphobia may be so severe that
they're unable to leave home.

• Phobia can also be caused by genetics.
Research encourages that phobia may run
in families. For example, twins who are
raised separately in different locations may
develop the same phobia.

HOW DOES THE BRAIN RESPOND TO PHOBIAS?

Some areas of the brain store and recall dangerous or potentially dangerous events. If
a person faces a similar event later on in life, these areas of the brain receive the
stressful memory, sometimes more than once. This causes the body to experience
the same reaction. Researchers have found out that phobias are often linked to the
amygdala which lies behind the pituitary gland in the brain. The amygdala is known
to be associated with emotional reaction. The right amygdala is more highly reactive
in response to negative emotions while the left amygdala is more strongly associated
with pleasant emotional reactions. One study suggested that the higher the
association of right amygdala, the greater the sense of distress induced by the phobia
trigger. The amygdala can trigger the release of “flight-or-fight” hormones. These put
the body and mind in a highly alert and stressed state.

DID YOU KNOW?

1) There are more than 400 distinct phobias well
recognized by psychologists.
2) Phobophobia is the fear of having a phobia.
3) Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia is the fear of the
number 666.
4) Anatidaephobia is the weird fear that somewhere,
somehow, a duck is watching you.
5) Cenosillicaphobia is the fear of an empty beer glass.
6) Alexander the Great, Napoleon, Mussolini and Hitler,
all suffered from ailurophobia, the fear of cats.
7) Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia is the fear of
long words.
8) Arachibutyrophobia is the fear of peanut butter
sticking to the roof of the mouth.
9) Ithyphallophobia is the fear of erections.
10) Xanthophobia is the fear of the color yellow or the

+ LINK BETWEEN
TEENAGERS AND
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
(Resources are obtained from
psyarticles.com)

Compiled By: Mohammad Ali
Khattab Bin Haji Mohammad

Jamalul-Lail

+ A study from the University of Washington discovered that
there is a link between teenagers and domestic violence. A
data recorded from more than 8000 participants in the
Social Development researched by Todd Herrenkohl, Rick
Kosterman, W. Alex Mason and J. David Hawkins has
showed that adolescents who engaged in violent
behaviours and increased with time were significantly
more likely to commit domestic violence in their mid 20s.

Most people think that youth violence and domestic violence are two
different aspects, but according to this study (Social Development
project), they are intertwined as claimed by one of the researchers.
The Seattle project identified four patterns of violence between the
ages 13 and 18.

The current research found that at the age of 24, nearly 650 of the
participants previously had a partner. 19% has been reported to have
committed domestic violence in the past year, nearly twice as many
women as men. Chronic offenders and late increasers were
significantly more likely to commit severe domestic violence.

+

2

A young adult's chances of involvement in domestic violence will
increase if they:

• Were once diagnosed with major depressive illnesses.
• Are in receipt of welfare benefits.
• Once had a partner with significant drug problems.
• Sold drugs.
• Had a history of perpetrating violence towards others.
• Had an arrested record.
• Are unemployed.
• Live in areas where drugs and violence are familiar.

What we all can learn from this article is that some forms of domestic
violence can be prevented by exposing youth violence as early as
possible. Researchers had suggested that it would be better to have
prevention programs as early as possible. This is because youth
violence appears to be a precursor to other problems that includes
domestic violence.

DID YOU KNOW?

1. More than 200,000 phone calls are placed to domestic violence

hotlines every year.
2. A woman is assaulted or beaten every nine seconds.

3

WANT TO KNOW MORE?

TRY OUT THESE QUESTIONS TO LEARN NEW
AND INTERESTING FACTS!

1.What is Paraskavedekatriaphobia?
A Fear of Dryness
B Fear of Friday the 13th
C Fear of Tuberculosis
D Fear of Punishment

2.What psychological disorder causes hostages
to feel trust or affection towards their captors?

A Somatic symptom disorder
B Schizophrenia
C Stockholm’s Syndrome
D Dysthymic Disorder

3. Which hormone is secreted to control the
brain’s pleasure and reward system?

A Dopamine
B Serotonin
C Melatonin
D Oestrogen

4.What chronic mental disorder severely affects
how a person thinks, feels, and behaves along
with a sense of losing touch with reality?

A Bipolar Disorder
B Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

(ADHD)
C Schizophrenia
D Depression

5.What is the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) stage?
A When a person begins to hallucinate
B Where dreams happen
C When someone is falling asleep
D When a person falls unconscious or
passes out

6.Which of the following is NOT a cause of
Paranoia:

A Having Schizophrenia
B Alcohol intoxication or drug abuse
C Traumatised from horrific

experience/events
D Excess secretion of Oxytocin into the

body

Quiz by: Muhammad Aiman bin Hamdani

THE WINTER OLYMPICS MEDALS

2018
2018
2018

GOLD MEDAL SILVER MEDAL BRONZE MEDAL

Ag SILVER 580 g Ag SILVER 580 g Cu COPPER 444 g

Au GOLD 6g The silver in this year’s medals Zn ZINC 49 g
has a purity of 99.9%. The gold
The gold medal is mostly silver, and silver medals are the heaviest This year’s bronze medal is a
with a plated layer of gold on top. in Olympic history; the bronze Cu90-Zn10 alloy.
medal is topped only by that at

the 2010 Vancouver games.

Ci © Andy Brunning/Compound Interest 2018 - www.compoundchem.com | Twitter: @compoundchem BY NC ND
This graphic is shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence.