free riders : moochers get lost!

ISSUE

18

SATURDAY,
OCTOBER 2022

12

trend LAW 036 SOCIAL PSCYHOLOGY

FREE RIDER:

MOOCHERS GET LOST !

27

04 Editor's Note
07 What Is Free Rider?
09 Ringlemann's Rope-
Pulling Experiment
11 Negative Effects Of
Free Riding

20T A B L E O F
22C O N T E N T

15 Tips To Avoid And
Influences Other Beings Free
Rider
17 Tips To Handle Free Rider
20 What Causes Free Rider?
22 What Is It Like?
29 Games Section
70

We would like to thank all of our wonderful readers ahead of time. We
appreciate the time that all of our readers have spent reading our e-

magazine. Hopefully, all of these readers will find our articles about
Free Rider useful. Our sincere thanks to you once again, and I hope that

you enjoy your reading time!



LAW 036 SOCIAL PSCYHOLOGY

I AM THANKFUL TO ALLAH SWT FOR HIS COUNTLESS
FAVORS, INCLUDING THE GIFT OF TIME, LIFE, AND
ENERGY, WHICH HAVE ENABLED ME TO PERFORM MY
DUTY SUCCESSFULLY.
TO BEGIN WITH, I WOULD LIKE TO DEVOTE THIS
SPEECH OF GRATITUDE TO MY DEAR PROFESSOR,
MADAM JUSNIZA BINTI ABDUL JAMAL, BECAUSE IT
WAS BECAUSE TO HER SUGGESTIONS AND
LEADERSHIP THAT I WAS ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY
FINISH THIS TASK.

I WANT TO EXPRESS MY SINCERE GRATITUDE TO MY

PARENTS FOR HELPING ME FINISH THIS COURSEWORK.

THEY GAVE ME ALL THE RESOURCES I NEEDED AND

EMOTIONAL SUPPORT UP UNTIL I FINISHED THIS TASK

AMMAR ASHRAFF EFFECTIVELY.
I ALSO THANK MY FRIENDS WHO HAVE REMINDED ME

Leader OF EVERYTHING I'VE FORGOTTEN IN THIS SPEECH OF
THANKS. THEY ASSISTED ME BY RESPONDING TO ALL

OF MY INQUIRIES.

ASSALAMUALAIKUM AND HELLO TO OUR DEAREST READERS! I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY SINCERE GRATITUDE TO OUR SWEET AND LOVING LECTURER, MADAM JUSNIZA. ALSO, MY FELLOW GROUP MEMBERS THAT HAVE PUT IN A GREAT COLLECTIVE EFFORT TO GET THE JOB DONE. I ENJOY EVERY SINGLE MOMENTS TO MAKE THIS CREATION POSSIBLE. I BELIEVE EVERY GROUP MEMBER FEELS THE SAME TOO!

╰ ︶ ╯♡Hi my fellow readers! It’s me, your amateur writer

Airene (´ `) First and foremost I would like to
express my gratitude to our beloved lecturer,
Madam Jusniza , who has given us guidance from A
to Z in ensuring that we manage to complete this e-
magazine. Moreover, to my teammates, Ammar, Ayu
and Tini, thank you for the endless cooperation and
support. For sure, the sleepless nights were worth it!

While indulging in this e-magazine, my hope is that
this will raise awareness among my dear readers on
this topic. ENJOY READING AND HAVE A GREAT DAY!!

AIRENE NAJIHAH

Content Creator

LAW 036 SOCIAL PSCYHOLOGY

Assalamualaikum and hello to our dearest readers! I
would like to express my sincere gratitude to our
sweet and loving lecturer, Madam Jusniza. Also, my
fellow group members that have put in a great
collective effort to get the job done. I enjoy every
single moments to make this creation possible. I
believe every group member feels the same too!




I really appreciate your diligence to finish reading
this e-magazine. It is something to be proud of. If
everything turns out all right, i profoundly hope that
each and every one of you acquires new knowledge
and information about the free riders.

NUR FATINI

Editor-in-Chief

ASSALAMUALAIKUM AND HELLO TO OUR DEAREST READERS! I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY SINCERE GRATITUDE TO OUR SWEET AND LOVING LECTURER, MADAM JUSNIZA. ALSO, MY FELLOW GROUP MEMBERS THAT HAVE PUT IN A GREAT COLLECTIVE EFFORT TO GET THE JOB DONE. I ENJOY EVERY SINGLE MOMENTS TO MAKE THIS CREATION POSSIBLE. I BELIEVE EVERY GROUP MEMBER FEELS THE SAME TOO!

Hi and Assalamualaikum to everyone! I would like to
say thank you to all of our readers who took the time
to read our magazine, and I hope that this magazine
will serve as a complement to your special days.

My gratitude goes out to Madam Jusniza, our lecturer, AYU NAZIRA
who spent time with us to guide us one by one
through the process of making these e-magazines, as Editor-in-Chief
well as my teammates, who gave their best effort and
cooperation while we made these e-magazines. You
guys have been a great support throughout our
journey to create these magazines. It is a pleasure to
be teammates with you guys. We made it! Yeay!

It is an honour for us to share what we are going to
impart in the magazine with the readers. My last wish
to my dear readers is that you make the most of your
life and enjoy it to the fullest !

LAW 036 SOCIAL PSCYHOLOGY

KEEP CALM AND GET IN TUNE! Look how you're standing there
There with your hands out
FREE Standing next to the road that goes up
RIDE Running your mouth about how you're gonna
wait for the one that comes down
BY SARA BAREILLES Who do you think you are? Somebody's baby?
You want what everyone has but you want your
name on it
Think it happens like that? That would be nice
wouldn't it
I've gotta be careful of you
I wanna get there too

You wanna go, but you want a free ride
You want it in but standing on the outside
I'm not the one to call when it comes undone
You want the world, but don't wanna pay out
Don't wanna hurt, and don't wanna say out loud
that I'm right
There's no end in sight waiting on a free ride

You say your turn is coming and that's what you
told me
So you stand in one place and wait for the tunnel
to light up your face and award you for what you
haven't done
And I know it's out of my handNs O M A D I C   |   2 4
But I had to pay with blood, sweat, and tears
while you dare to say that your lucky days passed
you

What is RINGLEMANN’S ROPE-PULLING
Free riding? EXPERIMENT
by AIRENE NAJIHAH

You may be asking,what is free riding and social loafing? Is it
a ride where you can go to various destinations for free? Is
social loafing a type of bread? The answer to these questions
is no, it’s not. Free riding or also known as social loafing is a
term that is used to describe people who tend to contribute
less effort and depend a lot on other people in a group
setting.When doing tasks in a bigger amount of people, these
people tend to feel as if they can get lost in the crowd resulting
in them getting the same recognition and credit as everyone
else.

There’s a high chance that this is happening
around you too!

SOCIAL
LOAFING?

IT’S NOT
WHAT YOU
THINK IT IS

LET’S GET TO KNOW MORE
;)

RINGLEMANN’S
ROPE-PULLING

EXPERIMENT

Now, let’s dive into the psychological aspect of free riding. It was 1913
when a man named Max Ringlemann decided to conduct an
experiment. The experiment revolves around the idea that humans
have the tendency to accomplish goals better when they are working
individually. In the experiment people were asked to pull on a rope in
two conditions, individually and in a group. Observation showed that
when comparing the effort put in, less effort was shown when the rope
was pulled in a group. Thus, “ the Ringlemann effect” was created.
Social loafers tend to exert less effort in comparison to other people
who are sacrificing their blood, sweat and tears in ensuring group tasks
can be accomplished smoothly. The root of this problem, causing the
difficulty of a person to work hand in hand with other people will be
discussed further in this magazine. Moreover, the negative outcome of
this act and tips to avoid free riders will also be shared for us to reap
the benefits from.

Study while others
are sleeping; work
while others are
loafing; prepare
while others are
playing; and dream
while others are

wishing.

WILIAM ARTHUR WARD

Who wants to pay by ammar ashraff
people for

daydreaming?

Negative 1. The reduction of group member’s
Effects of motivation to complete the task
Free Riding The efficacy, efficiency, and
morale of the group may also be

Free Rider in Group affected by issues of equity and
Work fairness regarding the assignment
of work and the individual and
Free riding in group work is when one or more group members collective contributions of group
contribute so little to a project that it would be unjust and members. The main reason for
deceptive to assign the same grade to all the group members. this is that while students engage
Early on in a project, free-riding behaviour can be recognised to in more free riding within a
diminish the impact it has on other group members. There are cooperative learning group, other
few negative effects of free riding that can affect the other members frequently make up for it
members in the group. by working more to complete the
job. When a person free rides,
they believe that their
contribution to the group task is
unnecessary, and that the success
of the task will be determined by
the efforts of the other group
members.

October 2022 MOOCHERS GET
LOST!

"Free spirited free riders they're on their way but don't know
where they're going" (Warren Miller)

2. The anonymity factors 3.Negatively impact individuals in the
Both the honor and the guilt group who perform the bulk of the work
are shared among everyone in
a group. But then, it becomes Teams made up of students with diverse
even more challenging to abilities are common in completing the task
identify individual results given. Without personal responsibility, it is
when we couple it with a common for only one or a small number of
huge team size. When one of group members to carry out most of the
the members starts to act as a work to make up for what the other pupils
free rider, the team absolutely lack. Cheri Yecke (2004), Minnesota’s
starts to face some commissioner of education, explains that in
performance issues. Thus, these instances group work can be
most probably its members detrimental to the student(s) who feel
will circle around the person resentment and frustration from carrying
and provide a summary of all the weight of the work. Thus, it is obvious
members. Instead of saying a that free riding has a detrimental effect on
certain member is a slacker, group leaders who must shoulder the load
they'll say something like "the of the group when members of the group
group is letting up." must carry the weight of the group.

SAY NO TO OCTOBER 2022
FREE RIDING FREE RIDERS: MOOCHERS GET LOST!

Free Rider in Society "The intolerant can be viewed as
free-riders, as persons who seek the
A free rider is someone who demands that advantages of just institutions while
others pay for a public good even though they not doing their share to uphold
intend to utilise it themselves. If many people them"(John Rawls)
engage in free riding, the public good may
never be given. Free riders try to use the 2)Leads to Poor Team Spirit
public good without paying for it, which
makes it challenging for markets to produce The team feels demotivated and discouraged if
them. There are several negative effects of free a small number of members start to be
riding that can affect the society. reluctant and lethargic, contributing the least
to the group. Talking about free riding in
workplace, some team members will inevitably
put in more effort than others, which makes
sense. Due to the heavy workload, they are
bearing, these individuals are also more
vulnerable to burnout.

1) Causes Wastage of Resources 3)Ripple Effect

Employees are an expensive human resource, Every action we take has repercussions. The
and because of social loafing, they are useless entire organisation can suffer from the effects
to the company. When your team is working of just one underperforming squad. To
together to accomplish a goal, but each illustrate, the entire department could be at risk
person is putting in less effort than they would of having its productivity slowed down if one
have if they were working alone, free riding team delays its output. Large, sophisticated
can be quite problematic especially for the projects where every component depends on
performance of the company. the output of another make this situation
considerably worse.

GO AWAY YOU MOOCHERS!

.

Picture yourself being given a task to do in a So, whenever we debate this topic,
collaborative project. When it comes time to which is free riders, or what
submit your group assignment, one member of psychologists call "social loafing," it
your team tends to procrastinate, which affects usually comes into play. The phrase
the quality of your task. However, you can be "social loafing" refers to our
the one who puts off doing the assignment. How tendency to be less productive in
does it feel? It could cause displeasure, anger, or groups compared to our individual
problems for group members. pursuits. This indicates that social
loafing will always reduce group work
productivity and have an aftereffect
on it. As a result, it is critical that we
understand, recognize, and address
the issue of free riders before it gets
too serious to address and alter.

Here are some pointers to help you prevent and deal with it properly. Check this out!

33 TTIIPPSS TTOO AAVVOOIIDD AANNDD IINNFFLLUUEENNCCEESS OOTTHHEERR
TTOO BBEEIINNGG FFRREEEE RRIIDDEERRSS

YOUR PARAGRAPH TEXT Avoid being
'PINK ELEPHANT '
A group assignment or project requires everyone to
create a group and share their perspectives on the in the group
topic matter. Pink elephants are persons who are
dismissive of other people's thoughts or ideas,
feeling that only their own are worthy of attention. It
limits the expression of other people's views, or, to
put it another way, it prevents other peopleGROU from
expressing their own thoughts.

This sort of person encourages others to become
free riders since they believe only their work isn't
valuable and hence slack off and take advantage of
others. By allowing teammates to express their
thoughts, emotions, and concerns about the subject
matter, it will help to lessen the influences of people
to become free riders in the group.

BY AYU NAZIRA

BY AYU NAZIRA

DON'T BE AFRAID TO
ASK FOR ADVICE AND

HELP IF SOMETHING
GOES WRONG!

TRY TO APPRECIATE AND In order to increase the quality of
VALUE OURSELVES. your work and prevent us from
becoming free riders, it is crucial
Don't worry and try not to undervalue that you discuss your issue and ask
the significance of what you have to say. for help and advice. Free riders
Since there are numerous ideas coming frequently fail to inform anyone,
in from various people, working with the which annoys and infuriates
group would undoubtedly result in a lot individuals since they feel so
of drama and difficulties. Just because helpless when it comes to knowing
your idea is being object, it doesn't mean what they should do. To seek
you aren't valuable or necessary. assistance and guidance, you can
discuss with the other team
People typically become free riders in members or even the leaders.They
groups because they feel their presence will walk you through each step!
and energy are not needed or valuable
enough, so they tend to let everyone
else handle it. Be self-assured and
attempt to appreciate your contribution
to the team with an open heart. It's all
right! You've already done your best!

tips to avoid and influences other being free riders

BY AYU NAZIRA

4 TIPS TO
HANDLE FREE
RIDE AMONG
TEAM MEMBERS

CLARIFY OUR GOALS FOR
THE PROJECT

By outlining the objection to the project
that has to be completed, team
members will feel more responsibility
and will examine every step they do to
finish the job allocated to them. Setting
specific goals encourages group
members to be more productive and
reduces social loafing. Goals must also
be reachable; they should be neither too
simple nor too tough(Harkins &
Szymanski, 1989). As a result, free riders
may feel inspired and they will work
together to attain the goals that have
been set.




LEADERS FAIRLY EACH PERSON'S
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Leaders take on a major role in allocating
and distributing tasks to team members.
It is essential for leaders to divide work
properly since it might lead to dissatisfied
and unjust others, which can affect the
quality of work and collaboration among
team members.

Aside from that, leaders should assign
distinctive and distinct contributions to
every team member so that all team
members believe their efforts are
required to complete this task that
cannot be done by a single person but by
all. This reduces the presence and control
of free riders in the group.

4 Tips To Handle Free Riders Among
Team Members



TRACK PROGRESS TO ENCOURAGE SELF REFLECTION

AND SELF IMPROVEMENT AMONG TEAMMATES



Keeping track of everyon
e's progress will help
ensure that everyone follows the previously
given guidelines and does not deviate from the
original assigned route. It implicitly encourages
a person to complete the assignment step by
step without being neglected by others, as well
as to accomplish higher-quality work before
submitting it.

In addition, these strategies are beneficial to
the members since they will be able to review
and improve their performance when they hold
the next meeting to discuss the progress of the
task. As a result of tracking each person's
progress, we can significantly reduce the
number of free riders.

Make sure that everyone gets the

opportunity to express their opinions during
a conversation. This is a vital stage in EMPOWER FREE DISCUSSION
creating group bonding so that no one AND
feels left out by the other team members.
In addition, team members are a huge help CONVERSATION AMONG TEAM
to us as we strive to accomplish our goals, MEMBERS
so good communication between team
members is imperative.


To resolve the project conflict collectively
with all members of the group's assistance
and advice.
The free riders may think their presence is
essential, which may improve their
incentive to finish the task collaboratively
since they know the team members are
there to support them.

BY AYU NAZIRA

BEWARE
of

social
loafers

BY FATINI AZIZI

WHAT CAUSES

FREE RIDING?

Add a little bit of What are the causes of free riding in a organisation that can be

held accountable? Why is there such an issue for the organisation? This problem

has its roots in the organizational transformation and teamwork. Some of the root

causes of this social psychology phenomenon are covered below:

Complex Target: People
Easily achievable target:

typically give up when they
Employees tend to feel

believe the management's
demotivated if the goals

target are challenging and
specified are not challenging

unattainable. enough for them and are too

simple. resulting in a lack of

Target value: The team members
desire in reaching them
will attempt to slack off from the

assigned task if they believe that the
Large team size:There are times

aims or objectives set for them have
when a group or team has more

no significance and won't contribute
members than is necessary.As a

any value to the company
result, surplus members

objectives. frequently lose motivation and

squander time socializing.

Lack of motivation: Another major
What causes

contributing factor to free-riding is a
free riding?
demotivated workforce, which prevents

workers from feeling motivated to do their
Reduced perception of effectiveness:

assigned tasks. People often tell themselves,
People choose to avoid their

consciously or unconsciously, that since
obligations through Free-riding when

everyone else is going to take it easy a little,
they feel as though their efforts are
I should do the same because it wouldn't be
being neglected or unappreciated.
fair to put in more effort than the others.


Lacking sense of responsibility:If

employees are not held personally

responsible for completing the

assigned task, they will be resentful

of their obligations. They'll also

prefer to rely on people who have

accountability for completing the

task at hand.

Large team size: In the group of high achievers, team members who are less

talented or ordinary performance are occasionally included.This will cause an

inferiority mentality to develop, making ordinary team members rely on the

effective team members to complete tasks.The social compensation hypothesis

posits that people will work harder collectively than individually when they expect

their co-workers to perform poorly on a meaningful task (Williams Karau, 1991).

Jackson and Harkins (1985) conducted a study which manipulated participants’

expectations of how hard their co-workers would work, and found that individuals

who had lowexpectations of co-workers reduced their own efforts to maintain

equity.This means that social loafing is more likley to occur when working in a group

of high-achievers, as an individual may slack off and allow the other competent

group members to do most of the work. Alternatively, individuals may actually

increase their collective effort when they expect their co-workers to perform poorly

on a meaningful taskan effect referred to as social compensation.

WHAT IS IT LIKE?
INSIGHT TO EXPERIENCES FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF FREE
RIDER & VICTIMS
BY AIRENE NAJIHAH

“Annoying, frustrating
and unfair.”

These are the words that are frequently
associated when the topic of free rider
arises among us. When students are
being asked, a majority has set their
mind that group projects are dreadful.
This is for the reason that the
contribution among group members
tend to not be equally distributed and
there is a high chance of social loafing.
Students already have enough weight
on their shoulders to handle the stress
of accomplishing assignments, but now
they also have to deal with selfish
moochers. Like seriously?

Scrolling through social media platforms has been an
eye opening experience as there are a plethora of
tweets and posts showing dissatisfaction towards free
riders. These platforms have become a medium for the
society to pour out their emotion and throw sarcastic
remarks towards free riders. Frustration can be seen
through a tweet that was tweeted by a twitter user:
@senjatanuklir (2021, May 19). There’s a special place
in hell for free riders on group
assignments[Tweet].Twitter.https://twitter.com/senjat
anuklir/status/1394949179932217345=46&t=J8Oj2I2C1e
HiquXUdw-5xQ

Victims of free riding have bravely come up to share
their stories in ensuring that awareness regarding this
issue can be created. Hence, all of these moochers
will get lost!

What is it like?

More than 50% among 40 respondents have experienced at
some point in their life encountering a free rider in group
projects, a survey shows. The survey that was conducted by our
group among university students revealed that 75% of these
students have had an irritating time having to deal with free
riders.

The next question that was
being asked was how did it
make them feel? Do they think
that it’s something normal and
you just have to bear with it? Or
is it not okay when an individual
has to exert more effort in
comparison to social loafers?
The survey stated that a
majority, 87.5% of the
respondents agreed that the
act of free riding is immoral
and would be detrimental
towards a group and an
individual.

SAY NO TO
FREE RIDING

“It’s annoying. We can't be harsh to
them because we will be called
mean, angsty etc. it is also unfair
because the marks given by our
lecturers are the same, however the
efforts each member put in are
totally different,” a respondent
opening up to share her infuriating
story. From here we can see that it is
of paramount importance that we
instil a sense of responsibility in
ourselves when working in a group.
Remember, Hellen Keller once said “
Alone we can do so little; together we
can do so much.”

Disappointment was also visible in
another respondent's reply, she said
“They love to give so many excuses,the
one that shouldn't be a problem at all
but to let the group stay as one,people
need to sacrifice and do the free rider's
part.Its unfair.”

These are just a glimpse of

what people have been

experiencing! To tell my side of

the story, It was last year when I

had to participate in an

international innovation In the end I regretted my
decision for not having the
competition, I was on the edge guts to confront them, but I
know better now. One should
of my seat. However, my jovial never tolerate free riders as
they would never realise their
mood instantly changed to mistake if no one stood up
against them.
annoyance as I realised my

teammates were using me for

their own benefit. Resentment

filled me as I was the only one

who had to pour my blood

sweat and tears in ensuring

that the best results can be

achieved.

INSIGHT OF A

FREE RIDER

An interview was done with someone who wanted to remain
anonymous in guaranteeing that we get a better understanding and
an insight into the experience of someone who was once a free rider.
Here’s how it went:

When completing a task in a group, how

did you end up becoming a social loafer?

At first, I didn’t realise that my actions had

a great effect on the group, as I thought my

ideas would not have a weight and would

not be of any help to the group. Not only

that, I am aware that I had time

management issues. I did not know how to

efficiently organise the tasks that I should

prioritise. I depended a lot on my group

members without considering other

people’s feelings as I also had a lack of

motivation to complete my share of the

work.

How did your group members tackle this

problem?

The group leader confronted me by giving

advice and often messaged me to

supervise my progress. They did not want

to endure any unfairness as the group

project will be evaluated as a whole. I was

also threatened to be reported to the

teachers if I continued with the

unacceptable behaviour of social loafing. I

reflected on my behaviour and came to a

conclusion that I should be able to put in

the same amount of effort as everyone else

to ensure the smooth running of the task.

FREE RIDING
AFFECTS ALL

WHAT DOES
THE SOCIAL
MEDIA SAY?

GAMES SECTION

WORD SEARCH
CROSS WORD
CAN YOU FIND THE DIFFRENCES?

SEARCH FOR WORDS IN THE
GRID, THEY’RE NOT JUST
THERE FOR DECORATION.



ANONIMITY
SLACKER
UNJUST

FRUSTRATION
LETHARGIC
FAIRNESS

RIPPLE EFFECT
DISPENSABLE
RESENTMENT

MOOCHER GET LOST !





CROSSW

ORD

CAN YOU FIND THE
DIFFERENCES?

pssttt..there are 7
differences

RREEFFEERREENNCCEESS

Ark, T. V. (2016, May 17). How to avoid the free
rider problem in teams. Getting Smart.
https://www.gettingsmart.com/2016/05/17/how-
to-avoid-the-free-rider-problem-in-teams/

Oyen, M. (2016, June 3). How to manage social
loafing - Maike Oyen,van. Medium.
https://medium.com/@Tells_a_Story/how-to-
manage-social-loafing-3b02bbd06de0

Bhanawat, D. (2022, February 14). Six ways to deal

with free-riding in school projects. Age of

Awareness.
https://medium.com/age-of-

awareness/six-ways-to-deal-with-free-riding-in-

school-projects-65b36499c526

RREEFFEERREENNCCEESS

van Schneider, T. (2016, November 30). The
psychological theory that explains why you’re
better off working solo. Quartz.
https://qz.com/848267/the-ringelmann-effect-
productivity-increases-when-youre-working-solo-
rather-than-on-a-team/amp

Asana. (n.d.). Social loafing isn’t what you think it
is • Asana. Asana. Retrieved October 21, 2022, from
https://asana.com/resources/social-loafing

RREEFFEERREENNCCEESS

Maria Kharlantseva (July 17, 2022) Social Loafing:
How Does It Occur & How to Avoid It,
https://everhour.com/blog/social-
loafing/#Effects_of_Social_Loafing_in_the_Workp
lace

Anjali J (July 5, 2019) Social Loafing,
https://theinvestorsbook.com/social-loafing.html

Aleksander Gozdek ( October 22, 2019) Social
loafing: why working in groups is bad for

phtrtopdsu:/c/twivwitwy,.linkedin
.com/pulse/social-loafing-

why-working-groups-bad-productivity-
aleksander-gozdek