Property of: GF Ene rqy Qrrolrty Globcl Teclrnrr-ol Recr-rlotrons (- onrplrcnc e DO NOT COPY COPYRIGHT & LICENSE RESTRICTIONS APPLY SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings SSP{I-SP 5il"'iACE No l Januarv I 2007 JOINT SURFACE PREPARATION STANDARD SSPC-SP s/NACE NO. 1 White Metal Blast Cleaning Thrs The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC)/NACE International (NACE) standard represents a consensus of those individual members urho have reviewed thts documenl, its scope, and provisions. lt is rntended to aid the manufacturer, the consumer. and the general public. lts acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone. whether he has adopted the slandard or not, from manufacturing. nnarketing, purchastng, or using products, processes. or procedures not addressed tn thrs standard. Nothing contained rn this SSPC/NACE standard is to be construed as granting any nght, by tmpltcatron or otherwrse, to manufacture. sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnrfying or protecting anyone agatnst llabtitty for rnf ringenrent o{ Letters Patent. This standard represents current technology and should in no way be rnterpreted as a restriclton on the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended to apply rn all cases relatrng to the subject. Unpredrctable circumstances may negate the usefulness of lhls standard rn speofic instances. SSPC and NACE assume no responsrbility for the rnterpretatton or use of thts standard by other part es and accept responsibility for only those off tctal rnterpretations rssued by SSPC or NACE in accordance with therr governrng procedures and polrcies whtch preclude the rssuance ol interpretattons by indivtdual rtolunleers Users of this SSPC/NACE siandard are responsible for revrewing appropriate health, safety. environrnental. and regulatory documents and for determining thetr applicability in relation to thrs standard prtor to its use Thts SSPC/NACE standard may not necessarrly address all potenttal health and safety probiems or envrronmentai hazards assoctated wtth the use of malenals equipment andior operattons detailed or referred to within this standard. Users oi this SSPC/NACE standard are also responsrble for establrshrng approprtate health, safety and environmental protection practtces, rn consultatron vrrth appropriate regulatory authonttes tf necessary, lo achieve complrance with any extsting appltcable regulatory requirements prior to the use of thts standard CAUTIONARY NOTICE: SSPCiNACE standards are subject to perrodrc revrew, and may be rerrrsed or withdravln at any time in accordance with techntcal committee procedures SSPC and NACE require that action be taken to reafftrm, revise, or wilhdraw this standard no later than f ive years from the date of inrtral publrcatron The user is cauttoned to obtain the latest edrtion. Purchasers may receive current tnformation on all standards and other publicattons by contacttng the organizations at the addresses belour TOSSPC. The Society for Protective Coatings 40 24Ih Street, Sixth Floor Pittsburgh, PA15222 (telephone +1 877 1281 -7772) :e NACE lnternalional .1440 South Creek Houston . TX 77084-4906 (teiephone +1 281 1228-6200) Foreword Thrs lornt standard covers the use ol blast cleantng abrasrves lo achreve a deftned degree of cleaning of steel surfaces prror to the appltcatton of a prolecltve coattng or linrng system. Thts standard rs intended for use by coattng or lrnrng specilrers, applicators. inspectors, or others who may be responsible for deftning a standard degree of surface cleanliness The focus of this standard rs white metal blast cleantng Near-rrhrte melal blast cleanrng, commercial blast cleantng rndustrial blast cleaning, and brush-off blast cleaning are addressed rn separate standards Whrte metal blast cleanrng provtdes a greater degree of cleaning than near-whtte metal blast cleaning (SSPC-SP IO/NACE No 2 ) The difference belween a white metal blast and a nearrruhite metal biast is that a vrhite metal blast removes all of the coating mill scale, rusl. oxldes corroston products. and other forergn matter f rom the surface Near-whlte metalblasting allows lrght shadows, slrght streaks. or minor dlscolorattons caused by starns of rust statns ol mtll scale. or statns of prevtously applied coating to remain on no more than 5 percent of each untt area of surface as deftned tn SSPC-SP lOiNACE No 2 Thrs ;oint standard was originally prepared tn 1994 and reaff rrmed tn 2000 bVthe SSPC/NACETask GroupAon Surlace Preparatron by Abrastve Blast Cleanlng This lotnt task group rncludes members of both the SSPC Surface Preparation Commrttee and the NACE Unrt Commtttee T-6G on Surface Preparation lt was reafltrmed rn 2006 by the SSPC Surface Preparatron Commtttee and NACE Specific Technology Group (STG) 04. Protective Coatings and Ltnings: Surface Preparatron
SSPC SP 5/NACE No : January 1,2407 ln SSPCINACE standards si;a/i and musl are used to state mandatory requrrements Should is used to state that which is consrdered good and rs reconrmended but rs not absolutely mandatory fvlay rs used to state that uihrch rs considered optional Section 1 : General '1.1 This loint standard covers the requirements {or lvhrte metal blast cleaning of uncoated or coated steel surfaces by the use of abrasrves. These reourrements include the end condrtion of the surface and materials and procedures necessary to achreve and verrfv the end condition. 1.2 The mandatory requirements are descrrbed rn Sections 1 to 9. Section .10. "Comments.'' and Appendix A, "Expianatory Notes '' are not nnandatoryequirements ofthis standard. 1.3 lnforrnation about the f unction of white metal blast cleaning is rn Paragraph A1 of Appendix A. 1 .4 Information about use oJ this standard rn maintenance coating work is in Paragraph A2 of Appendix A. Section 2: Definitions 2.1 White Metal Blast Cleaned Surface: A whrte metal blast cleaned surface when rtiewed vlrthout magnrfrcation. shall be free of all vrsrble orl. grease. dust. drrt rnril scale. rust, coatrng. oxides, corrosron products. and other forergn matter. 2.1.1 Acceptable varralions rn appearance that do not affect sur{ace cleanlrness adef rned in Paragraph 2.1 include variations caused by type ol steel, orrgrnal surface condrtron, thickness of the steel. weld melal. mril or fabrrcation marks. heat lreatrng. heat-affected zones. blasting abrasrves. and differences because of blastrng technrque. 2.1.2 SSPC-VlS 1'may be specrf,ed to supplement tf'e written defrnition. In any dispute. the written defrnrtron set {orth in this standard shall take precedence over reference photographs and comparators. Additronal informatron on reference photographs and cornparators in Paragraph 43 ol Appendix A. Section 3: Associated Documents 3.1 The latest rssue. revrsron. or arnendment of the documenls listed in Paragraph 3.3 in effect on the date of rnvitatron to bid shall govern unless othervrise specrfred. 3.2 lf there is a conflict between the requirements of any ol the documents listed in Paragraph 3 3 and thrs standard, lhe requirements of this standard shall prevatl. 3.3 Documents crted standard tnclude Document SSPC.AE 1 ' SSPC-AB 2 ' SSPC.AB 3. SSPC-SP 1.. SSPC-VIS 1 in lhe mandatory sectrons ol tnrs Tiile Mtneral and Slag Abrastves Cleanliness cf Recycled Ferrous lv1 etal I ic Ab ras rr,'es Ferrous fuletallrc Abrasrves So[tent Cleanrng Gurde and Ref erence Photographs lor SteeiSurfaces Prepared by Dry Abrastve Blast Cleaning Section 4: Procedures Before Cleaning 4.1 Before blast cleaning, visibie deposits of oil, grease. or other contaminants shall be rernoved in accordance wtth SSPC-SP '1 or other aqreed-upon methods 4.2 Before blast cleaning surface imperfecltons such as sharp fins, sharp edges. weld spatter, or burntng slag should be removed from the surface to the extent requtred by the procurement documents (project spectftcatton) Addtttonal information on surface imperlecttons ts In Paragraph 44 of Appendrx A. 4.3 lf reference photographs or comparalors are specif ted to supplementhe written standard. the condttton of the steel pnorlo blast cleanrng should be determined belore the blasttng commences Addttronal rnformatton on relerence photographs and comparalors is in Paragraph A3 of Appendtx A Section 5: Blast Cleaning Methods and Operation 5.1 Clean, dry compressed airshall be used for nozzle blasting Motsture separalors, oriseparators, traps or other equipment may be necessary to achieve thts requtrement. 5.2 Any of the follouring methods of surface preparation may be used to achierre a white metal blast cleaned surface: 5.2.1 DrV abrasir,e blastrng using compressed atr blast nozzles. and abrasrtre 5.2.2 Dry abrastrre blastrng usrng a closed-cycle rectrculating abrasirre system wrth compressed atr blast nozzle. and abrasrve, wrth or without vacuum for dust and abrastt,e recovery 5.2.3 Dry abrasirre blasting usrng a closed-cycle recirculating abrasrue system u;rth centrifugal vrheels and abrasttre 5.3 Other rnethods of surface preparation (such as wet abrasive biast cleanrng) may be used to achteve a urhite metal blast cleaned surface by mutual agreernent between
those responsibre foi'estabirshrng the requirements and those responsrble for performrng the work. lnforniatron on the use ol rnhibitors to prevent the formatron of rust tmmecJrately after wet abrasrve blast cleaning is in paragraph A5 of Appendrx A Section 6: Blast Cleaning Abrasives 6.'r rhe serectron of abrasrve srze and type shail be based on the type, grade, and surface condrtion of the steel to be cleaned, the type of brast cieanrng system used the frnrshed surface to be produced (creanriness and surface prof rre rrough- nessl), and whether the abrasive will be recycled 6.2 The creanriness and size of recycred abrasrves sharl be marntained ro ensure cornprrance wrth this standard 6.3 The brast creaning abrasive shail be dry and free of orr. grease, and other contamrnants as determrned bv tne rest MCthOdS fOUNd iN SSPC-AB 1 SSPC-AB 2 ANd SSPC-AB 3 6.4 Any rimrtatrons on the use of specifrc abrasr'es the quantity of contamrnants, or the degree of ailowable embed_ ment shair be incruded in the procurement documents (pro.Ject specif ication) covering the work because abrasil,e embedment and abrasiires containing contamlnants may not be accept_ abre for some seryrce requirements Additronal information on abrasive selection rs !n paragraph 46 of Appendrx A 6'5 When a coating rs specifred the creaned surface shalr be roughened to a degree surtable for the specrfred coattng system Additional information on surface profrle and the firm thrckness of coatrng appried over the surface profrre rs rn Paragraphs A7 and AB of Appendix A. Section 7: Procedures Fof rowing Brast creaning and lmmediately prior to Coating 7 '1 Visibie deposrts of oir, grease, or other conlamrnanrs shall be removed according to sspc-Sp r or another rnethod agreed upon by lhose parties responsrble for establisnrng the requirements and those responsrble for performrng the work. 7.2 DLrst and roose residues shail be removed lrom prepared surfaces by brushing. browing off r,vith crean. dry alr. vacuLlrn cleanrng; or other methods agreed upon by those responsrbre for estabirshing the requrrements and those responsrble for performinq the work. 7.2'1 The presence of toxic metars in the abrasrves or coating being removed may piace restrictrons on the methods of cleaning permitted rhe chosen method sha, compiy wirh all applicabie regulatrons 7-2-2 Moisture separators, orr separators. traps. or other equipment rnay be necessary to achterre clean. dry arr lisPCl .!p 5il..,tACE \ic l J,itllc?I\, 1 1007 7'3 After brast crean'rg any femarninq surface rmperrec_ tions ie q ' sharp fins, sharp edges werd spatter bi,rrnrng slag scabs sr^rers) shair be removed to tne extent requrred by the proclirement documents (project spe'ficatrorr) Any damage to the surface profrie resurting from the remol,ai of surface rmperfections shail be corrected to meet the requrrements of Paragraph 6 5 Addrtronarrnformatron on surface imperfections rs in Paragraph 44 of Appendix A 7.4 rmmediatery prior to coating apprrcation the entrre surface shail compry wrth the degree of cieanrng specrfred rn this standard. Any visibre rusthat forms on the surface of the steer after brast creaning shail be removed by recreaning the rusted areas before coating. Informatron on chemicar contamination, rust_back lrerustrng). and the effecr of dew pornt (surface condensarron) rs in Paragraphs A9. At 0. and A1.t of Appenorx A. Section B: Inspection g'1 work performed and materiars suppried under this standard are sublect to rnspectron by a representatrve of those responsibre for estabrishrng the requrrements Materiars and work areas shail be accessibre to the rnspector The proce_ dures and times of inspection shall be as agreed upon by those responsibie for estabrishing the requrrements and those responsrble for performing the work. 8'2 Conditrons not compryrng lryrth thrs standarci shat be corrected. In the case of a drspute an arbrtration or settiement procedure establrshed in the procLlrement documents (pro.1ect specrficatron) shall be followed lf no arbrtration or setilement procedure rs estabiished. a procedure mutuaily agreeabre to purchaser and suppirer shall be used 8.3 The procurement documents (Oro;ect specrfrcatronl shourd estabrrsh the responsibirrty for rnspection and for any requrred atfidavit certifying compliance with the specrfication Section 9: Safety and Environmental Requirements 9.1 Because abrasive brastcreaning rs a hazardous opera- tron all work shail be conducted rn comprrance wrth apprrcabre occupalonar and envrronmentar heaith and safety rures and regulatrons Section 10: Comments (Nonmandatory) 10.1 Addrtionar informatron and dara rerative to thrs standard are rnAppendrxA Detaired informatron and data are presented tn SSPC-SP COM : The recommendations rn Appendix A ano ssPC-SP COM are beireved to represenr good practice, but are not to be consrdered requrrements of the standard The sectrons of sspc-sp coM that drscuss sublects rerated to urhite metal blast cleaning are lrsted below
SSPC SP 5/NACF Nc 1 Jarnuar.v 1.2007 Subject Commentary Section AbrasrveSelectron ..... 6 Frlm Thickness 10 MaintenanceReparntrng . 42 Feference Photographs . 11 Rust-Back {Rerustrng) . ..... .. 4 5 SurfaceProfile . . .62 WeldSpatter... ..441 Wet Abrasitre Blast Cleaninq ".... ....8.2 References 1. SSPC-SP 1O/NACE No 2 (latest revision), "Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning" (Houston, TX. NACE and Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC) 2. SSPC-VlS 1 (latest rer,,ision). "Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasrve Blast Cleaning" {Prttsburgh. PA, SSPC) 12. AS f L4 D 4417 llatest revrsron), Slandard Test Nlethods for Field lvleasurernent of Surface Profrle of Blast Cleaned Steel'' (West Conshohocken. PA. ASTlvl) '1 3 SSPC-PA2 llatest rel,rsron), "ft4easurenrentof Dry Coatrng Thrckness wrth Magnetrc Gages" lPrttsburgh PA. SSPC) 14 SSPC-SP 1 2i NACE No 5 (latest revrsron;. 'Surface Preparation and Cleaning ol fuletals by Waterletting Prtorto Recoating" (Pittsburgh PA SSPC and Houston, TX NACEI 15. SSPC-Guide 15 (latest revrsion), "Freld Methods for Retrreval and Analysis of Soluble Salts on Steel and Other Nonporous Substrates" (Pittsburgh. PA. SSPC) Appendix A: Explanatory Notes (Nonmandatory) A1 FUNCTION: White melal blast cleaning (SSPC-SP 5/NACE No 1) provrdes the greatest degree of cleaning lt should be used when the hrghest degree of blast cleanrng rs requrred The primary {unctrons of blast cleaning before coating are (a) lo remcve material from the surface that can cause early farlure of the coating and (b) lo obtarn a surtable surface profile (roughness) to enhance the adheston of the ner.v coating system The hierarchy of blasting standards is as follours. vrhrte metal blast cleaning, near-whrte metal blast cleaning. commercial blast cleaning industrial blast cleaning and brush-off blast cleanrno A2 MAINTENANCE COATING WORK: When thts standard rs used rn marntenance coating work. specifrc rnstructrons should be proirrded on the extenl of surface to be blast cleaned or spot blast cleaned to this degree of cleanliness In these cases. thrs degree of cieanrng applies to the enttre specified area. For example. if all lveld seams are to be cleaned tn a marntenance operatron. this degree of cleaning appltes to 100 percent of all weld seams lf the entire slructure is to be prepared thrs degree of cleaning applies to 100 percent of the entrre structure. SSPC-PA Guide 4d provtdes a descrtptlon of accepted praclices for retatning old sound coaltng. removrng unsound coating, feathertng. and spot cleantng A3 REFEBENCE PHOTOGBAPHS AND COMPARATORS: SSPC VIS 1 provrdes color photographs for the valous grades of surlace cleaning as a function of the inttral conditton of the steel The phr-rtographs A SP 5. B SP 5 C SP 5. D SP 5. G. SP 5. G" SP 5 and G. SP 5 deptct surlaces cleaned to white metal In addrtion. the photograph series A SP 5M and A SP 5N deprct surfaces cleaned by t,artous metalltc and nonmetalltc abrasives to SP 5 condrtron The NACE "Visual Comparator lor Surface Frnrshing of Welds Prior to Coating"s ts a plastic weld replica that complements NACE Standard SPO178'0 Olher 3. SSPC-AB 1 (iatest revision). "Mineraland Slag Abrasives" (Pittsburgh. PA SSPC) 4. SSPC-AB 2 {latest revisron). ''Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasrves" {Prttsburgh. PA: SSPC) 5. SSPC-AB 3 {latest revision). "Ferrous Melallrc Abrasives' (Pittsburgh, PA SSPCT 6 SSPC-SP 1 (latest revision) "Solvent Cleaning" (Pittsburgh. PA. SSPC) 7. SSPC-SP COM (latest revisron). "Surface Preparation Commentary for Steel and Concrele Substrates" (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC) B. SSPC-PAGuide 4 (latest revision). 'Guide to Maintenance Repaintrng vrith Oil Base orAlkyd Paintrng Systems" (Prttsburgh. PA: SSPC) I "Vrsual Comparator for Surface Frnrshing of Welds Prior to Coatrng." Visual Ard for Use rairth NACE Standard SP0178 (latest reviston), (Houston TX: NACE). 10 NACE Standard SP0i 78 (formerly RP0178'2003) (latest revisron), "Desrgn Fabricatron and Surface Frnrsh Practrces for for Tanks and Vessels to Be Lined for lmmersron Senrrce' (Houston, TX NACE). 11 NACE Standard RP0287 (latestrevrsron), "Freld Measurement of Surface Prolrle of Abrasive Blast-Cleaned Steel Surfaces Using a Repirca Tape" (Houston. TX: NACE) ASTM International (ASTM). 100 Barr Flarbor Drrve. West Coshohocken PA 19428-2959
avarlable reference photographs and comparators are descrrbed in Sectron 11 of SSPC-SP COM A4 SURFACEIMPERFECTIONS: Sudace imperfectrons can cause premature coatrng farlure when the servrce rs severe Coatings tend to pull away f rom sharp edges and prolectrons. learring little or no coatrng to protecthe underlyrng steel Other features that are difficult to cover and protect properly include crertices. ureld porosities. laminatrons. etc. The high cost of the methods to remedy surface rmperfectrons (such as edge rounding and weld spatteremovall should be werghed against the costs of a potentral coating farlure Poorly adhering contaminanls. such as vreld slag residues, loose weld spatter. and some minor surface laminatrons. may be removed during the blast cleaning operation. Other surf ace delecls (steel lamrnations, weld porosilies, or deep corroston pits; may not be evrdenl untrl the surface cleanrng has been completed Repair of such surface defects should be planned properly because the timing o{ the reparrs may occur before, during, or after the blast cleanrng operation Section 1.4 oI SSPC-SPCOM and NACE Standard SP01 78 contain additronal information on su rface imperfections A5 WET ABRASIVE BLAST CLEANING: Steel that rs wet abrasive blast cleaned may rust rapidly. Clean waler should be used for rrnsing. lt may be necessary to add inhrbitors lo the vrater or apply them to the surface imrnedrately after blast cleaning to temporarily prevent rusl formatron. The use of inhibitors or lhe applrcation of coatrng oiter slrght drscoloratron should be in accordance with the requrrements of the coating manufacturer CAUTION: Some rnhrbitive treatments may rnterlere wrth the performance of certarn coatrng systems A6 ABRASIVE SELECTION: Types of metallic and nonmetalltc abrasirres are discussed rn SSPC-SP COM. Blasting abrastves may become embedded rn. or lear,'e resrdues on. the surlace of the steel during cleaning Wh ile such embedment or residues are normally not detrrmental. care should be taken to ensure that the abrasive rs lree from detrrmental amounts of lvater-soluble. solvent-soluble. acrd-soluble. or other soluble conlaminants lparticularly rf the cleaned steel is to be used rn an immersron environment). Cnteria for se lecting and evaluatrng abrasrrres are in SSPC-AB 1 SSPC-AB 2. and SSPC-AB 3 A7 SURFACE PROFILE: Surface profrle rs the roughness ol the surface lhal results from abrasive blast cleanrng The profrle height is dependent on the srze. shape, type, and hardness of the abrasive. partrcie velocrty and angie of impact. hardness of the surlace. arnount of abrasive recyclrng. and the proper marntenance of workrng mrxtures of grit and/or shot The allowable mrnimum/rnaximum herght of profrle is usually dependent on the thrckness of the coatrng to be applied Large partrcle srzed abrasives (partrcularly metallic) can produce a surlace prof rle that may be too hrgh to be adequately covered by a single thin-frlm coat. Accordrngly, the use of larqer abrasives should be avoided rn these cases. However. SSFrC'Sfr 5,irJACi- i'.ic 1 ,laniiari;1 200i larger abrasrves may be needed for thtcx-film coattngs or tcr facrirtate remorral of thrck coatings. heavV nttll scale or iust lf controi of surface prof ile (mrnrmumi maxtmum) rs deemed to be signrlicantto coating performance, ttshould be addressed tn the procurementdocuments (prolect specrftcatron t Typrcal surface profile heights achieved wtth commercial abrastt,e medta are shorrin rn Table 6 of SSPC-SP COM Surface profile should be measured in accordance wrth NACE Standard RP0287r or ASTM D 4417 ': A8 FILM THICKNESS: lt is essenttal lhat ample coating be applred atter blast cleaning to adequately cover the peaks of the surface profrle The dry-film thickness of the coating above the peaks ol the profile should equal the thickness known to be needed for the desired protection. lf the dry-film thicknessover the peaks rs rnadequate. premature rust-through or coating lailure will occur. To ensure that coattng thtcknesses are properly measured. the procedures in SSPC-PA 2'3 should be used Ag CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION: Steel contamtnated with soluble salts 1e 9.. chlorides and sulfates) develops rustback raprdly at intermedrate and high levels of humtdrty. These soluble salts can be present on the steel surface prior to blast cleaning as a result of atmosphenc contamtnatron in additton contaminants can be deposited on the steel surface during blast cleaning if the abrasive is contamrnated Therefore. rustback can be mrnrmized by rernoving these salls from the steel surface and elrmrnatrng sources of recontamtnation durtng and after blast cleanrng Wet methods of removal are descrtbed tn SSPC-SP 12INACE No 5 I' identificatron ofthe contamtnants along wrth therr concentralions may beobtatned from laboratory and lield tests as described rn SSPC-Gurde l5 r5 A10 RUST-BACK: Rust-back (rerusttng) occurs rshen freshly cleaned steei is exposed to motsture. contamtnation. or a corrosive atmosphere The trme inlerval between blast cleanrng and rust-back varres greatly from one envtronment to another Under mrld ambient condrlions. if chemrcal contamrnation isee Paragraph A9) is not present rt ts best to blast clean and coal a surface on the same day. Severe condittons may requrre a more expedrtrous coatrng appltcatton to avotd contamination from fallout. Chemrcal contamination should be removed prror to coating A11 DEW POINT: Morsture condenses on any surface that rs colder than the delv pornt of the surrounding atr lt is therefore recommended that the temperature of the steel surface be at least 3 "C (5 'F) above the dew potnt durtng dry blast cleaning operatrons. lt rs advtsable to visually lnspect for morsture and periodrcally check the surface temperature and dew point during blast cleanrng operations and to avoid the application ol coating over a damp surface