The following individuals were instrumental in creating ...

Mainstreaming the Student who is Deaf or Hard of Hearing

SECTION 504: The Vocational Rehabilitation Act SPEECH PERCEPTION. The ability to recognize
of 1973 guarantees that students with disabili- speech stimuli presented at suprathreshold
ties cannot be discriminated against because of levels (levels loud enough to be heard).
their disability.
SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY: The ability to be un-
SEE-1: Seeing Essential English was designed to derstood when using speech.
use ASL signs plus signs invented to represent
both root words and the inflectional system of SPEECH AND LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT: One
English. or more of the following communication impair-
ments which adversely affects educational
SEMANTICS: The use in language of meaningful performance: articulation impairment, in-
referents in both word and sentence structures. cluding omissions, substitutions or distortions of
sound, persisting beyond the age at which matu-
SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS: A perma- ration alone might be expected to correct the
nent hearing loss caused by failure or damage deviation; voice impairment, including abnor-
of auditory fibers in the inner ear (cochlea) and/ mal rate of speaking, speech interruptions, and
or damage to the neural system. repetition of sounds, words, phrases, or sen-
tences, which interferes with effective
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE-RATIO: The difference in communication; one or more language impair-
the intensities of the speech signal (such as the ments (phonological, morphological syntactic,
teacher’s voice) and the ambient (background) semantic, or pragmatic use of aural/oral language
noise. as evidenced by both a spontaneous language
sample demonstrating inadequate language func-
SIGNED ENGLISH: The Signed English system tioning, and test results, on not less than two
was devised as a semantic representation of standardized assessment instruments or two
English for children between that ages of 1 and subtests designed to determine language func-
6 years. ASL signs are used in English word tioning, which indicate Inappropriate language
order, with 14 sign markers being added to rep- functioning for the child’s age).
resent a portion of the inflectional system of
English. See Invented English Sign Systems. SPEECH LANGUAGE SPECIALIST: A profes-
sional who works with individuals who have
SIGNING EXACT ENGLISH: See Invented En- specific needs in the area of speech and language.
glish Sign Systems. Sometimes referred to as a speech and language
pathologist.
SPECIAL DAY CLASS: A class designed to meet
the needs of children requiring more intensive SYNTAX: Defines the word classes of language
educational services, typically for more than (nouns, verbs, etc.) and the rules for their com-
50% of the day. bination (which words can be combined, and in
what order to convey meaning).
SPEECHREADING. The interpretation of lip and
mouth movements, facial expressions, gestures, TELECOMMUNICATION DEVICES FOR
prosodic and melodic aspects of speech, struc- DEAF PEOPLE (TDDs): Originally and often
tural characteristics of language, and topical and still called TTYs. These electronic devices al-
contextual clues. Sometimes referred to as lip- low deaf and hard-of-hearing people to
reading. communicate by telephone. Also referred to as
TTs, text telephones; this term appears in ADA
46 legislation and regulations.

Glossary of Terms

TOTAL COMMUNICATION: A philosophy of
communication that employs a combination of
components of oral and manual teaching modes
using sign, lipreading, finger spelling, use of re-
sidual hearing, speech, and sometimes Cued
Speech.

TRANSLITERATING: The process of facilitating
communication between persons who are hear-
ing and persons who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.
In this form of interpretation, the language base
remains the same; e.g. the transliteration of spo-
ken English to a signed English system or to a
form which can be read on the lips.

TRANSCRIPTIONIST: A person trained in com-
puter assisted notetaking.

UNILATERAL HEARING LOSS: A mild to pro-
found loss of hearing in one ear. Unilateral loss
is now thought to adversely affect the educa-
tional process in a significant percentage of
students who have it.

Definitions are from the Oral Deaf Education Website
(Oberkotter Foundation) and California Department of
Education’s Programs for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students,
Guidelines for Quality Standards, 2000.

47

Mainstreaming the Student who is Deaf or Hard of Hearing

48

Resources

RESOURCES

ORGANIZATIONS

Alexander Graham Bell American Society for Deaf
Association for the Deaf and Children
Hard-of-Hearing
P.O. Box 1510
3417 Volta Place, N.W. Olney, MD 20830
Washington, DC 20007 (800-942-ASDC (voice/TTY)
(202) 337-5220 (voice/TTY) www.deafchildren.org
www.agbell.org
A nonprofit parent-helping-parent organization
The Alexander Graham Bell Association for the promoting a positive attitude toward sign language
Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (AG Bell) is an interna- and Deaf culture. Provides information, encour-
tional membership organization comprised of agement, and support to families with Deaf and
parents of children who are deaf and hard of hear- Hard-of-Hearing children.
ing, adults with hearing loss, and professionals who
serve children with hearing loss. AG Bell is the larg- American Speech-Language-
est organization in the US focused on the needs of Hearing Association
hearing impaired children who use auditory ap-
proaches to communicate. AG Bell offers a wide 10801 Rockville Pike
variety of member-oriented programs, publications, Rockville, Maryland 20852
and financial aid programs. AG Bell also sponsors a (310) 897-0457 (voice)
large convention every other year. www.asha.org

AG Bell, California Chapter The mission of the American Speech-Language-
Hearing Association is to promote the interests of,
4340 Stevens Creek Blvd, Suite 107, and provide the highest quality services for, profes-
San Jose, CA 95129 sionals in audiology, speech-language pathology,
E-mail: [email protected] and speech and hearing science, and to advocate
home.earthlink.net/~califagbell for people with communication disabilities.

The local chapter meets in LA and sponsors a
yearly conference and picnic. They also have a
newsletter titled California Waves. A membership
application can be printed out from their website.

49

Mainstreaming the Student who is Deaf or Hard of Hearing

Auditory-Verbal International, IMPACT (Independently Merging
Inc. Parent Association of California)

2121 Eisenhower Ave., Suite 401 14181 Chagall Ave
Alexandria, VA 22314 Irvine, CA 92606
(703) 739-1049 (voice) John Allmann, President (949) 653-5770
(703) 739-0874 (TTY) (voice/TDD)
www.auditory-verbal.org www.deafkids.org

Dedicated to helping children who have hearing IMPACT is a California statewide all-volunteer,
losses learn to listen and speak. Promotes the audi- non-profit organization of parents, teachers and pro-
tory-verbal therapy approach, which is based on the fessionals serving Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing
belief that the overwhelming majority of these chil- children. IMPACT publishes a newsletter three
dren can hear and talk by using their residual hearing, times per year (Fall, Winter, Spring), and holds a
hearing aids, and cochlear implants. Cal-Ed/IMPACT conference annually.

Beginnings for Parents of John Tracy Clinic
Children who are Deaf or
Hard-of-Hearing, Inc. 806 West Adams Boulevard
Los Angeles, CA 90007
3900 Barrett Dr. 800-522-4582 (voice)
Raleigh, NC 27609 (213) 747-2942 (TTY)
800-541-HEAR www.johntracyclinic.org
www.beginningssvcs.com
John Tracy Clinic provides, worldwide and with-
A non-profit agency providing an objective ap- out charge, parent-centered services to young
proach to meeting the diverse needs of families with children with a hearing loss offering families hope,
children who are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing and the guidance and encouragement to help the children
professionals who serve them. learn to communicate. The Clinic also offers ser-
vices to aid the professional community in
Deaf Community Services, understanding how to work with deaf children.
San Diego Out-of-town parents may be particularly interested
in the correspondence course/parent distance edu-
7851 Mission Center Ct., Suite 310 cation and/or the pre-school family summer
San Diego, CA 92108 program (contact Maura Martindale).
(619) 682-5001(voice)
(619) 682-5000 (TTY)
www.dcsofsd.org

A resource center providing social services to
empower and encourage independence for any Deaf
or Hard-of-Hearing individual, as well as educate
their families and employers, and promote unity be-
tween the Hearing, Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing
communities.

50

Resources

League for the Hard of Hearing National Information Center for Children
and Youth with Disabilities
71 West 23rd Street
New York, NY 10010 P.O. Box 1492
(917) 305-7700 (voice) Washington, DC 20013
(917) 305-7999 (TTY) 800-695-0285 (voice)
www.lhh.org www.nichcy.org

The League offers people who are Hard-of-Hear- NICHCY is the national information and referral
ing or Deaf access to diagnostic, rehabilitation, center that provides information on disabilities and
counseling, and education programs. Their services disability-related issues for families, educators, and
range from audiological testing to advocacy for chil- other professionals. They have a number of publi-
dren and adults who are Hard-of-Hearing or deaf. cations worth checking out.
The League also provides support services for main-
stream education. Project NEEDS

National Association of the Deaf www.abilitiesnetworks.org/Pages/dhabil.html

814 Thayer Ave. The San Diego Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (D/
Silver Spring, MD 20910 HH) ABILITIES Web Site is a state-of-the-art tech-
(301) 587-1788 (voice) nical resource specializing in local community issues,
(301) 587-1789 (TTY) needs, and current events, with links to state and
www.nad.org national Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing resources.

The oldest and one of the largest consumer orga- Self Help For Hard of Hearing People
nizations advocating equal access by people who are (SHHH)
Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing in the areas of employ-
ment, education, telecommunications, and 7910 Woodmont Ave, Suite 1200
rehabilitation. Also maintains the NAD Publications Bethesda, MD 20814
Department, Deaf awareness programs, a legal de- (301) 657-2248 (voice)
fense fund, a public information center, youth www.shhh.org
programs, and certification programs for interpret-
ers and for sign language instructors. SHHH’s mission is to “open the world of com-
munication to people with hearing loss by providing
National Cued Speech Association (NCSA) information, education, support and advocacy.”

23970 Hermitage Road
Shaker Heights, OH 44122
800-459-3529 (voice/TTY)
www.cuedspeech.org

The NCSA provides awareness and education,
through instructional programs, publications, exhib-
its and conferences, regarding the use of cued
speech.

51

Mainstreaming the Student who is Deaf or Hard of Hearing

EDUCATION RESOURCES
AND INSTITUTIONS

California Department of Gallaudet University
Education: Deaf and
Hard-of-Hearing Unit 800 Florida Avenue, NE
Washington, DC 20002
State Special Schools (202) 651-5000 (voice/TTY)
515 L St., Suite 270 www2.gallaudet.edu/
Sacramento, CA 95814 The world’s only four-year liberal arts college for
(916) 327-3850 (voice) students who are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing.
(916) 445-4556 (TTY)
www.cde.ca.gov/deafhh/ National Technical Institute for
Nancy Grosz Sager (916) 327-3868 the Deaf (NTID)
(voice/TTY) [email protected]
Rochester Institute of Technology
Provides guidance and technical assistance to pro- One Lomb Memorial Drive
grams and service providers for Deaf and P.O. Box 9887
Hard-of-Hearing students in California. Rochester, NY 14623
(716) 475-600 (voice/TTY)
California State University, www.rit.edu
Northridge
Provides technological postsecondary education
8111 Nordhoff Street for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing students. Dissemi-
Northridge, California 91330 nates informational materials and instructional
(818) 677-1200 videotapes on issues related to Deaf people and Deaf
www.csun.edu/ culture.
Department of Deaf Studies
www.csun.edu/~sch_educ/dfst/dfst.html Oral Deaf Education
Offers Bachelor of Arts degree in Deaf Studies.
http://www.oralDeafed.org

This website includes information for parents who
are interested in the oral approach for their children
who are Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing. Includes links
to oral Deaf education schools.

52

Resources

US Department of Education:
Office of Special Education
Program (OSEP)

330 C Street, S.W.Mary E. Switzer
BuildingWashington, DC 20202
(202) 205-5507 (voice) Office of the Director
www.ed.gov/offices/OSERS/OSEP

The Office of Special Education Programs
(OSEP) is a component of the Office of Special
Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS),
which is one of the principal components of the U.S.
Department of Education (ED). OSEP’s mission and
organization focus on the free appropriate public
education of children and youth with disabilities from
birth through age 21.

53

Mainstreaming the Student who is Deaf or Hard of Hearing

MEDICAL & RESEARCH

Better Hearing Institute National Institute on Deafness
and Other Communication Disor-
5021-B Backlick Rd. ders (NIDCD)
Annandale, VA 22003
(703) 642-0580 (voice/TTY) National Institutes of Health
www.betterhearing.org 31 Center Drive, MSC 2320
Bethesda, MD USA 20892-2320
Nonprofit educational organization that imple- (301) 496-7243 (voice)
ments national public information programs on (301) 402-0252 (TTY)
hearing loss and available medical, surgical, hearing www.nidcd.nih.gov
aid, and rehabilitation assistance for millions with
uncorrected hearing problems. The National Institute on Deafness and Other
Communication Disorders (NIDCD) is one of the
Girls and Boys Town National Institutes that comprise the National Institutes of
Research Hospital Health (NIH). NIDCD is mandated to conduct and
support biomedical and behavioral research and re-
555 North 30th St. search training in the normal and disordered
Omaha, NE 68131 processes of hearing, balance, smell, taste, voice,
(402) 498-6511 (voice) speech, and language. There is a special website
(402) 498-6543 (TTY) designated for parents of hearing impaired children.
www.girlsandboystown.org
House Ear Institute (HEI)
A hospital whose mission is to help and heal
America’s children and operate the nation’s leading 2100 West Third Street, Fifth Floor
clinical and research center for childhood hearing loss Los Angeles, CA 90057
and related disorders. (213) 483-4431 (voice)
(213) 484-2642 (TTY)
www.hei.org

Through research and education, the HEI aims
to improve the quality of life of those with an ear
disease or hearing or balance disorder. The
Children’s Auditory Research and Evaluation
(CARE) Center offers a full range of pediatric hear-
ing tests, otologic and audiologic evaluation and
treatment, hearing aid dispensing, and cochlear im-
plant services.

54

Resources

LEGAL

California Center for the Law Protection and Advocacy, Inc.
and the Deaf (CACLAD)
3580 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 902
14895 E. 14th St., Suite 220 Los Angeles, CA 90010
San Leandro, CA 94578 800-776-5746 (voice)
(510) 483-0941 (voice/TTY) www.pai-ca.org
www.deaflaw.org PAI works in partnership with persons with dis-
abilities to protect, advocate for, and advance their
The mission of the California Center for Law and human, legal, and service rights. There is a news-
the Deaf is to protect and advance the legal rights letter and a number of great publications (including
of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing people to enable them IDEA documents) available through this site.
to live independent, productive lives, with full ac-
cess to the rights, privileges, entitlements, services, SpecialEdLaw.net Website
educational and employment opportunities available
to others. specialedlaw.net/index.mv?ads=main

The Council of Parent Attorneys This site is a multidisciplinary internet resource
and Advocates, Inc. (COPAA) for parents of special needs children, as well as at-
torneys, special education administrators, teachers,
P.O. Box 81-7327 psychologists, and others with a need for informa-
Hollywood, FL 33081-0327 tion relating to Special Education law. Includes
(954) 966-4489 (voice) information on IDEA, ADA, Section 504 and
www.copaa.net FERPA.

An independent, nonprofit, tax-exempt organi- Wrightslaw
zation of attorneys, advocates and parents
established to improve the quality and quantity of www.wrightslaw.com
legal assistance for parents of children with disabili-
ties. A listserve is available where parents, Pete Wright, J.D. This site contains hundreds of
advocates and attorneys post legal information and articles, cases, newsletters, and other information
requests for help. about special education law and advocacy. Parents,
advocates, educators, and attorneys use
The EDLAW Center Wrightslaw for accurate, up-to-date information
about advocacy for children with disabilities. On-
www.edlaw.net line newsletter is available.

Jim Rosenfeld, J.D. On-line counseling services
and resources.

55

Mainstreaming the Student who is Deaf or Hard of Hearing

CATALOGS & PUBLICATIONS

AG Bell HiP MAGAZINE for Deaf &
Hard-of-Hearing kids and their
(See contact information under Organizations) pals

AG Bell has a number of publications that par- P.O. Box 519
ents can use as resources: Berkeley, CA 94701
(510) 848-9650 (voice)
• Publications Catalog (lists books available for www.hipmag.org/
advocacy, audiological management, cochlear
implants, children’s books, communication This magazine, published 5 times per year, is an
approaches, education, language and speech award-winning non-profit publication for today’s
development, etc.) Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing kids (grades K-4, 5-8,
9-12).
• Volta Voices Magazine (recommend subscribing
to this) SHHH (See contact information
under Organizations)
• Volta Review (a more technical, research-
oriented publication) SHHH publishes a journal titled Hearing Loss. It
is a great publication that features current informa-
Dawn Sign Press tion regarding legislation, medical information, and
developments in hearing technology.
6130 Nancy Ridge Dr.
San Diego, CA 92121 Sign Media, Inc.
(619) 625-0600 (voice/TTY)
www.dawnsign.com 4020 Blackburn Lane
Burtonsville, MD 20866-1167
Offers books, videos and workshops for Deaf 800-475-4756
Culture (includes children, educational fingerspelling, www.signmedia.com
instructional and Deaf Studies).
This catalog features information on ASL, Deaf
Harris Communications Culture, Education and Interpretation.

15159 Technology Drive,
Eden Prairie MN 55344
800-825-6758 (voice)
800-825-9187 (TTY)
www.harriscomm.com/

Harris Communications, Inc. is a mail order cata-
log company which features products for Deaf and
Hard-of-Hearing individuals. Products include
TTYs, books, videos, telephone, hearing aid acces-
sories, assistive listening devices, warning detectors
and novelties. Call for free brochure

56

Resources

Soundbytes

11 East 44th Street, 2nd Floor
New York, NY 10017
800-667-1777 (voice/TTY)
www.soundbytes.com

This“hearing enhancement resource catalog”pro-
vides communication devices, educational products,
amplification devices, books & videos, hearing aid
accessories and an assortment of home convenience
devices.

The Special Edge

Resources in Special Education
429 J Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
800-869-4337 (voice)
E-mail: [email protected]

A free newsletter published bi-monthly through
the California Department of Education.

57

Mainstreaming the Student who is Deaf or Hard of Hearing

HEARING AIDS & SUPPLIES

Dry & Store Phonak

800-327-8547 4520 Weaver Parkway
www.eartech.com Warrenville, IL 60555
800-777-7333
Dry and store is an “hearing aid conditioning sys- www.phonak-us.com
tem” which reduces moisture and sanitizes hearing
aids. New models work with Cochlear implants. Siemens Hearing Instruments
Inc.
GN Resound Corporation
13043 East 166th Street
220 Saginaw Dr. Cerritos, CA 90701
Seaport Centre 800-98-9787 (voice)
Redwood City, California, 94063, www.siemens-hearing.com
(650) 780-7800 (voice)
800-248-4327 Customer Service (voice) Widex Hearing Aid Company
www.gnresound.com
3553 24th Street
Oticon, Inc. Long Island City, NY 11106
800-221-0188 (voice)
29 Schoolhouse Rd., P.O. Box 6724 www.widexusa.com
Somerset, NJ 08875
800-526-3921 (voice)
www.oticonus.com/

58

Resources

COCHLEAR IMPLANTS Los Angeles Funshine CIC

Advanced Bionics Corporation Diane Rott
(Clarion Implant) 41 East Rowland #29,
Covina, CA 91732
12740 San Fernando Road (626) 331-7547
Sylmar, CA 91342
800-678-2575 (voice) Orange County CIC
800-678-3575 (TTY)
www.cochlearimplant.com Jack Belt
353 Park Shadow Court
Cochlear Corporation (Nucleus Baldwin Park, CA 91706
Implant) 626-337-2913
[email protected]
61 Inverness Dr. East, Suite 200
Englewood, CO 80112 MED-EL USA Corporation
800-523-2798 (voice/TTY) (MED-EL Implant)
www.cochlear.com
2222 East NC Hwy 54,
Cochlear Implant Association, Suite B-180 Durham, North Carolina 27713
Inc. (formerly Cochlear Implant (919) 572-2222 (voice)
Club, International) www.medel.com

5335 Wisconsin Ave. NW, Suite 440
Washington, D.C. 20015-2003
(202)895-2781
www.cici.org

59

Mainstreaming the Student who is Deaf or Hard of Hearing

PERSONAL & SOUND FIELD
SYSTEMS AND

ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY

Communication Access Realtime Phonic Ear’s Personal Hearing
Translation (CART) Systems and Sound Field
Systems
Educational Transcription System.
http://cart.ncraonline.org/ Personal and Sound Field Systems
(FM nd Infrared)
Dragon Naturally Speaking
3880 Cypress Drive,
320 Nevada StreetNewton, MA 02460, USA Petaluma, CA 94954
(617) 965-5200 (voice) 800-227-0735 (voice)
www.dragonsys.comEARING RE www.phonicear.com

A speech recognition software by L & H The popular Solaris System used by many school
Dragon Systems, Inc.SOURCES districts can be found at this site:

A website specializing in assistive listening devices, in- Teach Logic
cluding FM systems, can be found at:www.earlink.com/
Personal and Sound Field Systems
iCommunicator (FM nd Infrared)

6448 Parkland DriveSarasota FL 34243 FM system.
888-463-0474 (voice) 22981 Triton Way, Suite C
800-362-4584 (TTY) Laguna Hills, CA 92653
www.teachthedeaf.com 800-588-0018 (voice)
www.teachlogic.com
Speech recognition software by Interactive Solu-
tions, which converts speech to text, speech to sign TypeWell
language, speech to computer-generated voice, or
text to computer-generated voice. Educational Transcription System.
(805) 682-2387 (voice/TTY)
Phonak’s MicroLink www.typewell.com

4520 Weaver Parkway
Warrenville, IL 60555
888-777-7316 FM division (voice)
www.phonak.com/microlink/start_e.htm

MicroLink is the new wireless personal FM
system (a free 30 day trial is available).

60

Resources

OTHER VALUABLE
WEBSITES

Classroom Acoustics Home Page Hearing Exchange

classroomacoustics.com/ www.hearingexchange.com/

This site is a resource for those who want addi- An on-line community for the exchange of ideas
tional information regarding the standards for and information on hearing loss regardless of the
classroom acoustics. communication methodology.

The Classroom Acoustics Kids World Deaf Net
Coalition
http://clerccenter.gallaudet.edu
www.nonoise.org/quietnet/qc/index.htm (type kids world in search function)

The Classroom Acoustics Coalition provides im- A national communication network for parents
portant background on the nature and scope of the and professionals involved in the education of deaf
problems caused by bad acoustics in classrooms, and and hard of hearing children.
offers practical planning strategies and methods to
avoid or correct bad acoustics in existing or planned Listen-Up Website
educational facilities.
www.listen-up.org/
Handspeak This site was created by a parent of a child with a
hearing impairment and contains a tremendous
www.handspeak.com amount of resources and information. There is also
A sign language dictionary on-line. a list serve that is designed to help parents advocate
for the rights of their children.
Have you ever wondered about . . . THE EAR
AND HEARING (Series 1 & 2)

http://clerccenter.gallaudet.edu/infotogo/567/
567.html

http://clerccenter.gallaudet.edu/infotogo/535/
535-1.html

Good for teaching young children about hearing
and how the ear works.

61

Mainstreaming the Student who is Deaf or Hard of Hearing

Parents of Deaf and Hard-of- Whatcom Hearing Impaired
Hearing Children in San Diego Children’s Help (W.H.I.C.H.)

A listserve for parents of children with hearing loss. www.ibwebs.com
Email [email protected] and request This website was created by a parent for other
instructions for becoming a member of parents to address the lack of information provided
[email protected] in the local San Diego area. to parents on how hearing loss affects the child,
family, education, social issues and communication
Standards, Assessments and options.
IEPs: Planning for Success in the
General Education Curriculum Windmill Works

University of Vermont www.windmillworks.com
www.uvm.edu/~mhock/standards/main.html This website has several software programs fo-
cusing on language development for the Deaf or
A great resource for IEPs. Includes information Hard-of-Hearing.
on designing standards and IEP goals.
For additional information on resources or the
Universal Hearing Health material presented in this manual contact:

www.uhhweb.com Melanie Doyle
(858) 455-7571
UHH is a non-profit, international website de- [email protected]
signed to link consumers with hearing loss to all
categories of service providers and to assist them in
developing a mutually beneficial relationship. It pro-
vides information concerning hearing issues, access
to updated provider listings and manufacturers, a
national resource directory, training opportunities,
and online support in the form of chat rooms, e-mail
consultation, and support groups.

62

Bibliography

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Acoustical Society of America. “America’s Need Carlsbad Unified School District/Magnolia Commu-
for Standards and Guidelines to Ensure Satisfac- nication Center. Handouts on “Speechreading”
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David Lubman at the 133rd Meeting of the ASA, stream Environment.”
State College, PA, June 1997.
www.acoustics.org/133rd/2paaa1.html Cherow, E. “Have You Ever Wondered About The
Ear and Hearing?” National Information Center
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http://clercenter.gallaudet.edu/
American Academy of Audiology website. Edu-
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“Helping Parents Advocate For Children’s Hear- “What is a Cochlear Implant?” and, “Educating
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edaud/specmast.htm. www.cici.org

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Flexer, C. Facilitating Hearing and Listening inYoung
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Anderson, K. “When it Comes to Classroom Flexer, C. “Sound-Field FM Systems: Questions
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1999, (6) 5, 16-18. tion,” Journal of the Ohio Speech & Hearing
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Appendix

Appendix A

65

Mainstreaming the Student who is Deaf or Hard of Hearing

Appendix B

66

Appendix

Appendix C

67