SCIENCE FORM 1: CHAP 5(exercise)

SAINS TINGKATAN 1

Perubahan Keadaan Jirim Keadaan Jirim
Changes in State of Matter States of Matter

Pepejal Haba diserap Pepejal / Solid Cecair / Liquid Gas / Gas
Solid Heat is absorbed Ciri-ciri
Haba dibebaskan Characteristics
Heat is released

Pembekuan Pemejalwapan
Freezing Sublimation

Cecair Peleburan Pemejalwapan Gas Ruang antara Kecil Sederhana Besar
Liquid Melting Sublimation Gas zarah Small Moderate Large
Pendidihan / Penyejatan Space between Sangat rapat
Boiling / Evaporation particles Very close Rapat Sangat longgar
Kondensasi Susunan zarah Bergetar pada Close Very loose
Condensation Particle kedudukan Bergerak Bergerak
arrangement tetap bebas dan rawak dan
5 BAB Vibrate at fixed berlanggaran
Pergerakan position Move freely and berlanggaran
CHAPTER zarah Tetap collide with one Move randomly
Particles Fixed another and collide with
movement Bentuk bekas
Takes the shape one another
Bentuk of the container Tidak tetap
Shape
Not fixed

Jirim Jisim Tetap Tetap Tidak tetap
Mass Fixed Fixed Not fixed
Matter
Mengikut isi
padu bekas
Bab Isi padu Tetap Tetap Follows the
Chapter Volume Fixed Fixed volume of the

5 container
Kemampatan Tidak boleh Sukar Boleh
Compressibility Incompressible Difficult Compressible

Dalam pepejal / In solid Dalam cecair / In liquid Dalam gas / In gas

Sebelum Selepas Sebelum Selepas Sebelum Selepas
Before After Before After Before After

Agar-agar Udara
(tidak Air
berwarna)
Agar agar Agar-agar Air Air Penutup Campuran
(colourless) menjadi Water menjadi balang gas gas bromin
Hablur biru Hablur biru Gas jar cover dan udara
kuprum(ll) Agar-agar kuprum(ll) Water turns Gas bromin A mixture of
sulfat (biru) blue Bromine gas bromine gas
turns blue Copper(ll) and air
sulfat (biru) sulphate
copper(ll) crystal (blue)
sulphate
crystal (blue)

• Agar-agar bertukar menjadi warna biru • Air bertukar menjadi warna biru • Gas bromin memenuhi kedua-dua
selepas beberapa hari / Agar-agar turns selepas dua jam / Water turns to blue balang gas selepas 15 minit
to blue colour after a few days colour after two hours
Bromine gas fills up both gas jar after
• Kadar resapan zarah dalam pepejal • Kadar resapan zarah dalam cecair lebih 15 minutes
adalah rendah / The particle diffusion tinggi daripada pepejal / The particle • Kadar resapan zarah dalam gas adalah
rate in solid is low diffusion rate in liquid is higher than solid
paling tinggi / The particle diffusion in
the gas is the highest

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5.1 Jirim dalam Alam SAINS TINGKATAN 1
Matter in Nature K.Kejayaan / S.Criteria

5.1.1 Menyatakan bahawa hampir semua benda yang wujud dalam alam adalah jirim.
SP 5.1.2 State that almost everything that exists in nature is matter.
LS Membuktikan bahawa benda hidup dan benda bukan hidup mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang.
Prove that living things and non-living things have mass and occupy space.
5.1.3
5.1.4 Membezakan sifat fizikal dan kimia jirim. / Differentiate the physical properties and chemical properties of matter.
Mengelaskan bahan dari pelbagai ciri. / Classify materials by the different characteristics.
EMK Kemahiran saintifik (proses pemikiran dan kemahiran manipulatif tertentu).
Scientific skill (thinking process and certain manipulative skill).
Nilai Murni
Moral Value Sains dan teknologi / Science and technology
Minat dan sifat ingin tahu tentang alam sekitar / Interest and curiosity toward environment
Luwes dan berfikiran terbuka / Flexible and open minded

Apakah itu Jirim? Rujuk buku teks muka surat 138
What is Matter? Refer textbook page 138

1 Semua yang terdapat dalam alam semula jadi wujud sebagai jirim atau bukan jirim .

Everything in nature exists as matter or non-matter .

2 Jirim ialah bahan yang mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang .
.
Matter is a substance that has mass and occupies space

3 Bukan jirim tidak memenuhi ruang dan tiada jisim. Salah satu contoh bukan jirim ialah tenaga .
Non-matter does not occupy space and has no mass. One of the example of non-matter is energy . TP1

(a) Kelaskan objek-objek yang berikut sebagai jirim dan bukan jirim.
Classify the following objects as matter and non-matter.

Bab
Chapter

5

Kerusi / Chair Pokok / Tree Gelombang radio Angin / Wind
Jirim Jirim Radio waves Jirim
Matter Matter Bukan jirim Matter
Non-matter

Arnab / Rabbit Pelangi / Rainbow Muzik / Music Air / Water
Jirim Bukan jirim Bukan jirim Jirim
Matter Non-matter Non-matter Matter

(b) Dalam soalan 3(a) di atas, terdapat objek-objek yang anda kelaskan sebagai bukan jirim. Berdasarkan ciri-ciri
apakah anda kelaskannya sebagai bukan jirim? / In question 3(a) above, there are objects that you classified as
non-matters. Based on what characteristics that have you classified them as non-matters? TP2

Objek-objek ini tidak mempunyai jisim dan tidak memenuhi ruang.
These objects have no mass and they do not occupy space.

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

Aktiviti 5.1 Benda Hidup dan Benda Bukan Hidup Mempunyai Jisim dan Memenuhi Ruang
Activity Living Things and Non-Living Things Have Mass and Occupy Space

TUAJIUMAN Untuk menunjukkan bahawa benda hidup dan bukan hidup mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi
ruang. / To show that living things and non-living things have mass and occupy space.
APRPAADRAATSUS Neraca tuas, silinder penyukat, pembaris meter, jarum, besen, gelas
Lever balance, measuring cylinder, metre ruler, needle, basin, glass
MBAATHERAINAL Belon, benang, pita selofan, air, tumbuhan hidrilla
Balloon, thread, cellophane tape, water, hydrilla plant

Aktiviti I (a): Udara Mempunyai Jisim / Activity I (a): Air Has Mass

1 Tiup dua belon kepada saiz yang hampir sama. A Benang / Thread
Blow two balloons to about the same size. Pembaris meter
2 Label belon sebagai A dan B. Metre ruler
Label the balloons as A and B respectively.
3 Ikat kedua-dua belon tersebut di setiap hujung pembaris B Belon / Balloon
Pita selofan
meter dengan menggunakan benang seperti yang Cellophane tape
ditunjukkan dalam rajah. / Tie two balloons to each end of
a metre rule using thread as shown in the diagram. Jarum / Needle

4 Imbangkan belon pada pembaris dengan melekatkan sedikit pita selofan padanya.
Balance the balloons on the ruler by sticking some cellophane tape on them.

5 Cucuk pita selofan pada belon B dengan jarum. / Pierce balloon B with a needle through the cellophane tape.

Bab Aktiviti I (b): Udara Memenuhi Ruang / Activity I (b): Air Occupies Space
Chapter
1 Tekan gelas kosong ke dalam air seperti dalam rajah.
5 Press an empty glass into water as shown in the diagram. Gelas / Glass
Besen / Basin
2 Catatkan apa yang anda perhatikan, analisis pemerhatian anda
dan berikan kesimpulan dalam jadual di bawah. Air / Water

Record what you observe, analyse your observation and give a
conclusion in the table below.

Aktiviti Pemerhatian Analisis Kesimpulan
Activity Observation Analysis Conclusion

I (a) Belon B mengecut dan belon A Belon B menjadi Udara mempunyai .
A lebih ringan. jisim .
I (b) bergerak ke bawah. Balloon B becomes
Balloon B deflates and balloon Air has mass
lighter.
moves down.

Air di dalam besen tidak masuk Gelas masih berisi . Udara memenuhi .
ke dalam gelas. did not enter udara ruang .
Water in the basin
The glass is still filled with Air occupies
the glass. space
air .

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

Aktiviti II: Air Mempunyai Jisim dan Memenuhi Ruang
Activity II: Water Has Mass and Occupies Space

1 Timbang jisim silinder penyukat dengan neraca tuas dan catatkan bacaan neraca tuas.
Weigh the mass of a measuring cylinder with a lever balance and record the reading of the lever balance.
2 Tuangkan sedikit air ke dalam silinder penyukat.
Pour some water into the measuring cylinder.
3 Catatkan bacaan silinder penyukat dan bacaan neraca tuas.
Record the reading of the measuring cylinder and the reading of the lever balance.

Air Silinder penyukat
Water Measuring cylinder

Jarum penunjuk
Indicator needle
Skala
Scale

Aktiviti Pemerhatian Analisis Kesimpulan
Activity Observation Analysis Conclusion

Jisim silinder penyukat = 64.5 g Jisim air Air mempunyai .
Mass of water jisim
Mass of measuring cylinder = 64.5 g
Jisim silinder penyukat + air = 85.5 g = 85.5 – 64.5 Water has mass . Bab
= 21.0 g Chapter
II Mass of measuring cylinder + water = 85.5 g Air memenuhi
ruang 5
Bacaan silinder penyukat = 25 cm3 Isi padu air .
Reading of measuring cylinder = 25 cm3 Volume of water
Water occupies
= 25 cm3
space .

Aktiviti III: Benda Hidup Mempunyai Jisim dan Memenuhi Ruang
Activity III: Living Things Have Mass and Occupy Space

1 Timbang jisim sebuah silinder penyukat bersama dengan air di Air Silinder penyukat
dalamnya dengan neraca tuas dan catatkan bacaan kedua-dua Water Measuring cylinder
silinder penyukat dan neraca tuas. / Weigh the mass of a measuring
cylinder with some water in it on a lever balance and record the 50 Tumbuhan hidrilla
readings of both the measuring cylinder and the lever balance. 60 Hydrilla plant
90 80 70
2 Tambahkan sedikit tumbuhan hidrilla ke dalam silinder penyukat Jarum penunjuk
dan ukur jisim dan isi padunya sekali lagi. / Add some hydrilla plants 40 0 Indicator needle
into the measuring cylinder and measure the mass and volume again. 30 Skala
20 10 Scale
3 Catatkan bacaan dan kira perbezaan bacaan.
Record the readings and calculate the differences in readings.
4 Catatkan apa yang anda perhatikan, analisis pemerhatian anda dan

berikan kesimpulan dalam jadual di bawah. / Record what you observe,
analyse your observation and give a conclusion in the table below.

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

Aktiviti Pemerhatian Analisis Kesimpulan
Activity Observation Analysis Conclusion

Jisim silinder penyukat + air = 82.0 g Jisim hidrilla
Mass of measuring cylinder + water = 82.0 g Mass of hydrilla
= 85.5 – 82.0
Jisim silinder penyukat + air + hidrilla = 3.5 g Benda hidup
= 85.5 g
Mass of measuring cylinder + water + hydrilla Isi padu hidrilla mempunyai
III = 85.5 g Volume of hydrilla
= 46.5 – 37.5 jisim dan
Isi padu air = 37.5 cm3 = 9.0 cm3
Volume of water = 37.5 cm3 memenuhi ruang .

Isi padu air + hidrilla = 46.5 cm3 Living things have
Volume of water + hydrilla = 46.5 cm3
mass and

occupy space .

Sifat-sifat Fizikal dan Sifat-sifat Kimia Rujuk buku teks muka surat 140
Physical Properties and Chemical Properties Refer textbook page 140

A Sifat fizik / Physical properties deria

1 Sifat fizik ialah sifat yang boleh dikenal pasti dengan lima manusia atau diukur

dengan alat pengukur . / Physical properties are properties that can be identified using human's five

senses or measured using measuring tools .

Bab Contoh sifat-sifat fizik:
Chapter Examples of physical properties:

5

Ketumpatan Keadaan Kekonduksian Rupa
Density jirim haba Appearance

Keterlarutan States of Conductivity Takat lebur
Solubility dan takat didih
matter of heat Melting point

Sifat-sifat and boiling point
fizik

Physical
properties

Warna Bau
Colour Smell

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

2 Rajah menunjukkan air di dalam periuk yang sedang menyejat. Apabila
air menyejat, ia mengalami suatu perubahan fizik kerana ia sedang melalui

suatu perubahan keadaan jirim . / The diagram shows water in

a pot evaporates. When water evaporates, it experiences a physical change

because it is going through a change of states of matter . TP4

B Sifat kimia / Chemical properties

1 Sifat kimia suatu bahan menjadi jelas apabila bahan tersebut berubah menjadi bahan berbeza .

Chemical properties of a substance becomes clear when it changes into a different substance.

2 Sifat kimia bergantung kepada tindak balas kimia yang berlaku atas bahan tersebut.

Chemical properties depend on the chemical reaction that occurs on the substance.

Contoh sifat-sifat kimia:
Examples of chemical properties:

Kebolehan Tindak balas Tindak balas Terbiodegradasikan
menapai dengan logam dengan Biodegradable
Ability to ferment Reaction with
bukan logam Mudah terbakar
Kebolehan metals Flammability
berkarat Reaction with
Ability to non-metals

rust Sifat-sifat Bab
kimia Chapter

Chemical 5
properties

Nilai Terurai
pH Decomposition
pH

value

3 Sifat-sifat kimia boleh diperhatikan melalui tindak balas kimia. Sesetengah perubahan yang boleh diperhatikan
berlaku dalam suatu tindak balas kimia termasuklah,
Chemical properties can be observed through chemical reactions. Some observable changes that take place in a

chemical reaction may include, TP2

(a) Perubahan warna / Change in colour

(b) Pelepasan gas / Release of gases

(c) Pelepasan atau penyerapan haba / Release or absorption of heat

(d) Perubahan nilai pH / Change of pH value

(e) Kehilangan ciri-ciri asal / Loss of original properties

(f) Perubahan suhu / Temperature change

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1 Rujuk buku teks muka surat 142
Refer textbook page 142
Membezakan Bahan dari Aspek Ketumpatan, Takat Lebur, Takat Didih,
dan Keterlarutan / Differentiating Materials from Density, Melting Point,
Boiling Point and Solubility Aspect

1 Ketumpatan menentukan kebolehan suatu bahan untuk timbul Jisim
Mass
atau tenggelam di air.

Density determines the ability of a material to float or sink in Ketumpatan Isi padu

water. Density Volume

2 Suatu bahan berketumpatan lebih rendah akan timbul , Minyak
manakala bahan berketumpatan lebih tinggi akan tenggelam . Oil
Air
Sebagai contoh, minyak yang berketumpatan rendah timbul di atas air. Water

A material with lower density will float , while a material with

higher density will sink . For example, oil with lower density

floats on water.

3 Keterlarutan ialah kebolehan suatu bahan (bahan larut) untuk Pelarut
Solvent
larut di dalam amaun pelarut yang tertentu untuk membentuk larutan. Bahan larut
Solute
Solubility is the ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a
Larutan
given amount of solvent to form a solution. Solution

Bab 4 Kelaskan setiap bahan berikut berdasarkan ketumpatan berbanding air dan keterlarutan dalam air.
Chapter Classify each of the following materials according to their density compared to water and solubility in water. TP3

5 Bahan Ketumpatan berbanding air Keterlarutan dalam air
Material Density compared to water Solubility in water

Gula / Sugar Lebih tinggi / Higher Larut / Soluble

Syiling / Coin Lebih tinggi / Higher Tidak larut / Not soluble

Minyak masak / Cooking oil Lebih rendah / Lower Tidak larut / Not soluble

Gabus / Cork Lebih rendah / Lower Tidak larut / Not soluble

Alkohol / Alcohol Lebih rendah / Lower Larut / Soluble

Tanah / Sand Lebih tinggi / Higher Tidak larut / Not soluble

Madu / Honey Lebih tinggi / Higher Larut / Soluble

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

5 Takat didih ialah suhu di mana suatu bahan bertukar dari cecair

kepada gas .

Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from

liquid to gas .

6 Takat lebur ialah suhu di mana suatu bahan bertukar dari pepejal ke

cecair .

Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from

solid to liquid .

7 Nyatakan takat lebur dan takat didih bahan-bahan berikut.
Determine the melting point and boiling point of the following substance. TP3

Bahan / Substance Takat lebur / Melting point (ºC) Takat didih / Boiling point (ºC)

Air / Water 0 100

Alkohol / Alcohol –117 78

Oksigen / Oxygen –218 –183

Refleksi Murid Sila tandakan (3) Faham / Understand (  ) Kurang faham / Less understand (  ) Tidak faham / Do not understand (  )
Students' Please tick (3)
Reflection

Bab
Chapter

5.2 Tiga Keadaan Jirim 5
Three States of Matter

K.Kejayaan / S.Criteria

5.2.1 Mengitlak bahawa jirim terdiri daripada zarah. / Generalise that matter consists of particles.
5.2.2 Membanding dan membezakan tiga keadaan jirim berdasarkan teori kinetik dari segi susunan dan pergerakan zarah-zarah.
5.2.3 Compare and contrast three states of matter based on the kinetic theory in terms of the arrangement and movement of particles.
Menggunakan perhubungan ruang dan masa bagi membezakan kadar resapan dalam tiga keadaan jirim.
SP 5.2.4 Use space-time relationships to compare rate of diffusion in three states of matter.
LS Memerihalkan perubahan keadaan jirim dari segi pergerakan zarah-zarah akibat daripada penyerapan dan pembebasan haba
berdasarkan teori kinetik. / Describe the change in state of matter, in terms of movement of particles caused by the absorption and the
5.2.5 release of heat based on kinetic theory.
5.2.6 Merumuskan bahawa suhu kekal tidak berubah semasa pembekuan, peleburan dan pendidihan.
5.2.7 Conclude that temperature remains constant during melting, freezing and boiling.
EMK Merumuskan jisim kekal tidak berubah semasa perubahan fizik.
Nilai Murni Conclude that the mass remains constant during physical changes.
Moral Value Menjelaskan dengan contoh perubahan keadaan jirim dalam kehidupan harian.
Explain with examples the changes of the state of matter in daily life.

Sains dan teknologi / Science and technology
Sistematik, yakin dan beretika / Systematic, confident and ethically
Luwes dan berfikiran terbuka / Flexible and open minded

Ekstra: / Extra:

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

Tiga Keadaan Jirim dan Teori Kinetik Rujuk buku teks muka surat 145
Three States of Matter and Kinetic Theory Refer textbook page 145

Bandingkan ciri-ciri tiga keadaan jirim. / Compare the characteristics of the three states of matter. TP4

Pepejal / Solid Keadaan jirim / State of matter Gas / Gas
Cecair / Liquid

Ciri-ciri
Characteristics

Ruang antara zarah Kecil Sederhana Besar
Space between particles Small Moderate Large
Susunan zarah
Particle arrangement Sangat rapat Rapat Sangat longgar
Very close Close Very loose
Pergerakan zarah
Particles movement Bergetar Bergerak bebas Bergerak rawak
pada kedudukan tetap
Bentuk dan berlanggaran dan berlanggaran
Shape Vibrate
at fixed position Move freely Move randomly
5 Jisim
Tetap and collide and collide
Mass Fixed
Isi padu Tetap with one another with one another
Volume Fixed
Bab Kemampatan Tetap Bentuk bekas Tidak tetap
Chapter Compressibility Fixed Takes the shape of the Not fixed
Tidak boleh
Incompressible container

Tetap Tidak tetap
Fixed Not fixed

Tetap Mengikut isi padu bekas
Fixed Follows the volume of the

Sukar container
Difficult
Boleh
Compressible

Eksperimen 5.1 Kadar Resapan dalam Tiga Keadaan Jirim Eksperimen Wajib
Experiment Diffusion in Three States of Matter Compulsory Experiment

TUAJIUMAN Untuk menyiasat kadar resapan dalam tiga keadaan jirim
APRPAADRAATSUS To investigate diffusion in three states of matter
MBAATHERAINAL Tabung uji, penutup getah, tiub kaca, balang gas, penutup balang gas
Test tubes, rubber stopper, glass tube, gas jars, gas jar cover
Hablur kuprum(II) sulfat, lingkaran ubat nyamuk, air, jeli tidak berwarna
Copper(II) sulphate crystal, mosquito coil, water, colourless gel

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PPRROOCSEEDDUURRE SAINS TINGKATAN 1

Jeli tidak Air Udara
berwarna Water Air
Colourless gel Hablur Balang gas
kuprum(II) Gas jar
Hablur sulfat Penutup
kuprum(II) sulfat Copper(II) balang gas
sulphate crystal Gas jar cover
Copper(II) Asap
sulphate crystal Smoke
(c)
(a) (b)

Aktiviti I: Resapan dalam pepejal
Activity I: Diffusion in solid

1 Isi tabung uji dengan jeli tidak berwarna sehingga penuh.
Fill a test tube completely with colourless gel.
2 Letakkan hablur kuprum(II) sulfat di tengah-tengah penutup getah.
Place a copper(II) sulphate crystal in the middle of a rubber stopper.
3 Tolak penutup getah ke dalam jeli tidak berwarna.
Push the rubber stopper into the colourless gel.
4 Terbalikkan tabung uji supaya hablur kuprum(II) sulfat berada di dasar tabung uji seperti

dalam rajah (a). / Invert the test tube so that copper(II) sulphate crystal is at the bottom as
shown in diagram (a).
5 Biarkan tabung uji selama tiga hari. / Leave the test tube undisturbed for three days.
6 Perhatikan perubahan dalam tabung uji selepas tiga hari.
Observe the changes in the test tube after three days.

Bab
Chapter

Aktiviti II: Resapan dalam cecair 5
Activity II: Diffusion in liquid
Nota / Note
Jangan goncangkan 1 Isi tabung uji dengan air. /Fill a test tube with water.
tabung uji. 2 Melalui tiub kaca, letakkan hablur kuprum(II) sulfat di dasar tabung uji yang berisi air seperti
Do not shake the test
tube. ditunjukkan dalam rajah (b). / Place a copper(II) sulphate crystal through a glass tube to the
bottom of the test tube containing water as shown in diagram (b).
3 Biarkan tabung uji selama satu jam. / Leave the test tube undisturbed for an hour.
4 Perhatikan perubahan dalam tabung uji selepas sejam.
Observe the changes in the test tube after an hour.

Aktiviti III: Resapan dalam gas
Activity III: Diffusion in gas

1 Isi balang gas dengan asap dengan menelangkupkan balang gas ke atas lingkaran ubat
nyamuk. / Fill a gas jar with smoke by inverting it over a smoldering mosquito coil.

2 Tutup balang gas dengan penutupnya dan terbalikkan satu lagi balang gas yang kosong ke
atasnya seperti ditunjukkan dalam rajah (c). / Cover the gas jar with a gas jar cover and invert
another empty gas jar over it as shown in diagram (c).

3 Alihkan penutup daripada balang gas dan perhatikan asap di dalam balang gas.
Remove the cover between the gas jars and observe the smoke in the gas jars.

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

PEOMBSEERRVHAATTIOIANN Aktiviti Pemerhatian
Activity Observation
Warna biru hablur kuprum(II) sulfat tersebar perlahan-lahan dalam jeli.
I The blue colour of copper(II) sulphate crystal spreads slowly into the gel.
II Air di dalam tabung uji bertukar menjadi biru dengan lebih cepat.
III The water in the test tube turns blue faster.
Asap memenuhi balang gas di bahagian atas dengan sangat cepat.
The smoke fills the upper gas jar very fast.

AANNAALLYISSIISS 1 Resapan ialah proses di mana zarah-zarah suatu bahan resap dari kawasan berkepekatan
tinggi
ke kawasan berkepekatan rendah .

Diffusion is a process in which the particles of substances diffuse from a high

concentration area to low concentration area.

2 Kadar resapan adalah paling tinggi dalam gas dan paling rendah dalam
pepejal and the lowest in solid .
.
gas
The rate of diffusion is the highest in

3 Zarah-zarah hablur kuprum(II) sulfat mengambil masa yang lebih panjang untuk tersebar ke
lebih rapat
seluruh jeli berbanding dengan air kerana zarah-zarah jeli tersusun

berbanding dengan zarah-zarah air. Ini menunjukkan ruang antara zarah-zarah jeli adalah
lebih kecil
berbanding dengan ruang antara zarah-zarah air.

Bab The particles of copper(II) sulphate crystal take a longer time to spread in gel compared to in water
Chapter
5 because gel particles are closer compared to water particles. This shows that the space

between gel particles is smaller compared to the space between water particles. TP4

4 Zarah-zarah asap tersebar dengan pantas ke dalam balang gas di bahagian atas kerana ruang

antara zarah-zarah udara adalah besar . / The smoke particles spread immediately to

the upper gas jar because the space between the particles of air is big . TP4

5 Kita boleh menghidu semburan minyak wangi dari jauh kerana resapan . Zarah-

zarah minyak wangi bergerak secara rawak dalam pelbagai arah dalam zarah udara dari
tinggi rendah
kawasan berkepekatan ke kawasan berkepekatan .

We can smell the spray of perfume from far due to diffusion . The perfume particles move

randomly in various directions in the air particles from a high concentration area to

low concentration area.

KCEOSNIMCLPUUSLIOANN Kadar resapan dari yang paling rendah ke paling tinggi:
Rate of diffusion from the lowest to the highest:

Pepejal Cecair Gas
Solid Liquid Gas

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

Perubahan dalam Keadaan Jirim Rujuk buku teks muka surat 151
Change in States of Matters Refer textbook page 151

1 Banyak bahan mengalami perubahan dalam keadaan jirim akibat penyerapan atau pembebasan

haba. / Many substances undergo change in state of matter due to absorption or release of heat.

2 Lengkapkan peta alir di bawah tentang perubahan dalam keadaan jirim daripada satu keadaan kepada keadaan
yang lain. / Complete the flow maps below concerning the changes in states of matters from one state to another.

( a) Apabila haba dibekalkan
When heat is supplied

Jirim Tahap tenaga kinetik Zarah-zarah bergerak
dipanaskan zarah meningkat dengan lebih cepat
A matter is Kinetic energy level of
heated up particles increases Particles move
faster

Keadaan jirim Zarah-zarah mengatasi Jarak antara zarah Bab
berubah bertambah Chapter
daya tarikan antara zarah
State of matter Particles overcome the Distance between
changed particles increases
attraction force between
particles Zarah-zarah bergerak
dengan lebih perlahan
Particles move slower 5

( b) Apabila haba disingkirkan
When heat is removed

Suatu jirim Tahap tenaga kinetik
disejukkan zarah menurun
A matter is Kinetic energy level of
cooled down particles decreases

Keadaan jirim Zarah-zarah mengalami daya Jarak antara zarah
berubah tarikan yang lebih kuat berkurang

State of matter antara zarah Distance between
is changed Particles experience stronger particles
attraction force between particles decreases

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

3 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan kesan haba ke atas perubahan jirim. Namakan proses perubahan jirim dalam rajah
dengan perkataan-perkataan yang diberikan. / The diagram below shows the arrangement of particles in a matter.
Name the process of changes of matters in the diagram with the words provided. TP2

Pembekuan Pemejalwapan Kondensasi Pendidihan / Penyejatan Peleburan
Freezing Sublimation Condensation Boiling / Evaporation Melting

Pepejal
Solid

Pembekuan Peleburan Pemejalwapan Pemejalwapan
Freezing Melting Sublimation Sublimation

Pendidihan / Penyejatan
Boiling / Evaporation

Cecair Kondensasi Gas
Liquid Condensation Gas
Haba dibebaskan / Heat is released
Haba diserap / Heat is absorbed

Bab Eksperimen 5.2 Takat Lebur dan Takat Didih Eksperimen Wajib
Chapter Experiment Melting Point and Boiling Point Compulsory Experiment

5

TUAJIUMAN Untuk menyiasat takat lebur dan takat didih jirim
To investigate the melting point and boiling point of matter

APRPAADRAATSUS Bikar, tungku kaki tiga, penunu Bunsen, kasa dawai, termometer
Beaker, tripod stand, Bunsen burner, wire gauze, thermometer

MBAATHERAINAL Air, ketulan ais
Water, ice cube

PPRROOCSEEDDUURRE 1 Isikan sebuah bikar dengan sedikit ketulan ais Termometer
sehingga separuh penuh. / Fill a beaker with some Thermometer
ice cubes until it is half full.
Ketulan ais
2 Letakkan bebuli termometer ke dalam ketulan ais. Ice cubes
Put the bulb of a thermometer into the ice cubes. Kasa dawai
3 Susunkan radas seperti dalam rajah dan panaskan Wire gauze
Tungku kaki tiga
ketulan ais. / Arrange the apparatus as in the Tripod stand
diagram and heat up the ice cubes. Penunu Bunsen
4 Catatkan bacaan termometer setiap minit Bunsen burner
sehingga semua ketulan ais melebur.
Record the reading of the thermometer every minute until all ice cubes melt.

5 Teruskan pemanasan dan catatkan bacaan termometer sehingga air mendidih.
Continue heating and record the reading of the thermometer until the water is boiled.

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

KERPEUSTUULTSSAN

Masa 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Time
(min)

Suhu
Temperature 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 100 100

(ºC)

ADNAATALIASNISADLYASTISA Plot graf suhu melawan masa dengan menggunakan kertas graf di bawah.
Plot a graph of temperature against time using the graph paper below. TP3

Suhu / Temperature (ºC) Bab
Chapter
100
90 5
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

Masa
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Time (min)

DAPETNATIANFTSEIRRPARNETDAATTIOAN Apabila air mencapai takat lebur dan takat didih, suhunya adalah tetap . Tenaga

haba dibekalkan kepada zarah-zarah digunakan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan

antara zarah-zarah. / When water reaches its melting point and boiling point, its temperature is

constant . Heat energy supplied to the particles is used to overcome the attraction

force between the particles. TP4

KCEOSNIMCLPUUSLIOANN Pada takat lebur dan takat didih, suhu jirim tidak berubah .

At melting point and boiling point, the temperature of matter will not change .

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

Aktiviti 5.2 Jisim Kekal Sama dalam Perubahan Fizikal
Activity Mass Remains Constant in a Physical Change

TUAJIUMAN Untuk menunjukkan jisim suatu jirim kekal sama apabila ia melalui suatu perubahan fizikal
To show that mass of a matter remains constant when it goes through a physical change
APRPAADRAATSUS Bikar, neraca elektronik
Beaker, electronic balance
MBAATHERAINAL Ketulan ais, kain
Ice cubes, cloth

PPRROOCSEEDDUURRE 1 Letakkan sedikit ketulan ais ke dalam sebuah bikar. Bikar
Put some ice cubes into a beaker. Beaker
2 Ukur jisim ketulan ais bersama dengan bikar dengan Ketulan
ais
menggunakan penimbang elektronik seperti dalam Ice cubes
rajah. / Measure the mass of the ice cubes together with Penimbang
the beaker using an electronic balance as in the diagram. elektronik
Electronic
3 Biarkan ketulan ais dan bikar di atas meja selama lebih balance
kurang 10 minit supaya ketulan ais melebur.

Leave the ice cubes and beaker on the table for about
10 minutes so that the ice cubes melt.

4 Lap titisan air pada dinding bikar.
Wipe the water droplets on the wall of the beaker.

5 Ukur jisim ketulan ais bersama dengan bikar sekali lagi.
Measure the mass of the ice cubes together with the beaker again.

Bab POEBMSEERRVHAATTIIOANN Jisim ketulan ais dan bikar sebelum peleburan = 50.34 g
Chapter Mass of ice cubes and beaker before melting

5 Jisim ketulan ais dan bikar selepas peleburan 50.34
Mass of ice cubes and beaker after melting
= g

PERBINCANGAN 1 Nyatakan perubahan dalam keadaan jirim dalam eksperimen ini.
DISCUSSION State the change in states of matter in this experiment. TP2

Pepejal / Solid Cecair / Liquid

2 Apakah perubahan dalam jisim ketulan ais dan bikar selepas ketulan ais melebur?
What is the change in mass of the ice cubes and beaker after the ice cubes melt?
Tiada perubahan / No change

3 Apakah tujuan mengelap dinding bikar sebelum mengukur jisim sekali lagi?
What is the purpose of wiping the wall of the beaker before measuring the mass again? TP2
Untuk memastikan titisan air daripada udara tidak bertambah kepada bacaan penimbang
elektronik
To make sure the water droplets from the air do not add to the reading of the electronic
balance

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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

4 Semasa perubahan keadaan jirim (perubahan fizikal), jisim kekal sama .
During change in state of matter (physical change), the mass remains constant .

5 Jisim kekal sama kerana kuantiti zarah tidak berubah apabila dipanaskan atau
disejukkan. / The mass is constant because the quantity of particles does not change

when heated or cooled.


6 Contoh-contoh berikut merupakan perubahan keadaan jirim dalam kehidupan harian kita.

Tuliskan perubahan keadaan jirim dalam ruang di bawahnya.
The following are examples of changes in states of matter in our daily life. Write the changes of

states of matter in the space under them. TP3

MOTH BALLS

Pakaian mengering dalam Bola gegat menjadi lebih Titisan air terbentuk pada
tiupan angin kecil dinding gelas

Clothes drying in the wind Moth balls getting smaller Water droplets forming on
the wall of a glass
cecair gas pepejal gas
liquid gas solid gas gas cecair
gas liquid

KCEOSNIMCLPUUSLIOANN Jisim sesuatu jirim kekal sama dalam perubahan fizikal . Bab
Chapter
physical
Mass of a matter remains constant in a change. 5

Refleksi Murid Sila tandakan (3) Faham / Understand (  ) Kurang faham / Less understand (  ) Tidak faham / Do not understand (  )
Students' Please tick (3)
Reflection

LATIHAN PENGUKUHAN / ENRICHMENT EXERCISE

1 (a) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan zarah gas di dalam sebuah belon.
The diagram below shows gas particles in a balloon.

Tekan
Press

(i) Huraikan kedudukan zarah-zarah gas di dalam belon. / Describe the positions of the gas particles in the balloon.
Zarah-zarah gas tidak tersusun dengan teratur. Zarah-zarah gas adalah jauh antara satu sama lain.

The gas particles are not arranged in order. They are far away from one another. [2 markah/marks]



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SAINS TINGKATAN 1

(ii) Belon tersebut ditekan dari luar. Lukis zarah-zarah gas di dalam ruang di sebelah kanan.
The balloon is pressed from outside. Draw the gas particles in the space on the right side. [1 markah/mark]

(iii) Apakah ciri zarah gas yang membenarkan mereka dimampatkan? [1 markah/mark]
What characteristic of the gas particles allows them to be compressed?

Terdapat ruang besar antara zarah-zarah. / There is big space in between particles.



(b) Dalam pasaran, gas memasak disimpan di bawah tekanan tinggi di dalam tangki gas. Rajah di bawah
menunjukkan sebuah tangki gas.

In the market, cooking gas is stored under high pressure in gas tanks. The diagram below shows a gas tank.

(i) Apakah kelebihan menyimpan gas memasak di bawah tekanan tinggi?
What is the advantage of storing cooking gas under high pressure?
Banyak gas boleh disimpan di dalam satu tangki gas. Gas meliputi ruang yang lebih kecil.

A lot of gas can be stored in one gas tank. The gas occupies smaller space. [2 markah/marks]



Bab (ii) Gas memasak disimpan di bawah tekanan tinggi boleh meletup jika tidak dikendalikan dengan betul.
Chapter Cadangkan langkah-langkah keselamatan yang perlu. / Cooking gas stored under high pressure is explosive
if it is not handled properly. Suggest necessary safety precautions.

Pastikan tangki gas disimpan di bawah suhu rendah. Tangki gas dicat dengan warna yang cerah.

5 Make sure the gas tank is kept under low temperature. The gas tank is to be painted in bright colour.
[2 markah/marks]

(c) Rajah di sebelah menunjukkan suatu zarah asap di dalam kotak asap yang
diperhatikan di bawah mikroskop. / The diagram on the right shows a smoke
particle in a smoke box viewed under a microscope.

(i) Lengkapkan rajah di atas untuk menunjukkan pergerakan zarah asap
tersebut. / Complete the diagram above to show the movement of the smoke
particle. [1 markah/mark]

(ii) Terangkan mengapa zarah asap tersebut bergerak demikian.
Explain why the smoke particle moves in that way.

Zarah asap bergerak lurus. Ia berubah arah apabila ia melanggar zarah gas dalam udara.

The smoke particle moves in straight line. It changes direction when it hits a gas particle in the air.
[2 markah/marks]

Ekstra: / Extra:

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