SCIENCE FORM 1 CHAP 6 (6.2/6.3)

CHAPTER 6:

Periodic
Table

6.2 MIXTURES

- Two or more elements/compounds mixed physically.

MIXTURE is formed physically. So,

it can be separated physically too.

METHODS Filtration

TO chromatography Distillation

SEPARATE SEPARATION Using
METHOD magnet
MIXTURES
Floatation
depends on :
• physical properties of sedimentation

the substance present
in the mixture
• substances to be
obtained from the
mixture

1. FILTRATION- separate an insoluble

solid from mixture of solid and liquid

2.DISTILLATION- separate a completely miscible

liquid-liquid mixture that have different boiling point

3. SEPARATION USING MAGNET-

separate two solid mixtures in which one
of the substances is magnetic and the
other is not

4. SEDIMENTATION- separate a

liquid and insoluble solid mixture

5. FLOATATION- separate soluble and

insoluble materials in water

6. CHROMATOGRAPHY- separate small
amount of mixture

6.3 COMPOUNDS

- Two or more elements mixed CHEMICALLY.
- Newly formed product  has its own characteristics

Carbon + hydrogen

BUILDING BLOCKS Polythene

TILES

Calcium + Carbon + hydrogen

Marble

WATER hydrogen
+

oxygen

CAKE

Other examples…

Magnesium + oxygen  Magnesium oxide
 Aluminium oxide
Aluminium + oxygen  Zinc oxide
 Iron oxide
Zinc + oxygen  Copper oxide

Iron + oxygen

Copper + oxygen

Other examples…

Lithium + water  Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
Sodium + water  Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
Potassium + water  Potassium hydroxide + hydrogen gas

Other examples…

Iron + sulphur  Iron sulphide

As a conclusion…

A + OXYGEN  A OXIDE

A + WATER  A HYDROXIDE + HYDROGEN GAS

A + SULPHUR  A SULPHIDE

Differences between

mixtures

and

compounds

PHYSICAL CHANGE and CHEMICAL CHANGE

Does not Form a new
substance
form a new
substance e.g
• Rusting of iron
e.g • Decaying of leaf
• ice melting
• Water boiling COMPOUNDS

MIXTURES

Iron powder + sulphur powder

Mixed physically

MIXTURE

THEREFORE,

magnetic

attraction can

be used to
separate iron
powder and
sulphur powder

Iron powder + sulphur powder

Mixed chemically

COMPOUND
(iron sulphide)

THEREFORE,

magnetic
attraction

cannot be used

to separate iron
powder and
sulphur powder

METHODS TO SEPARATE COMPOUNDS

electrolysis oxygen hydrogen

• Hydrogen gas released at the
cathode.

• Oxygen gas released at the anode.

2H+ + O2-  H2O anode cathode

+ -

MIXTURE CHARACTERISTICS COMPOUND

No Formation of new Yes
substances
No Yes
Physical Chemical bond Chemical
Same Different
Separation method

Properties of new
substances compared to

the original