Lecture 6 Brick n Brickworks

BRICKS & BRICKWORK

Lecture 6

Mokhtar Omar
4 December 2019

BRICKS

What is brick?

• Brick is described as a small block of
burned clay

• The great majority of brick in used
today are made from clay, but brick
can also be made from sand and
lime or concrete



BRICK CLASSIFICATION
(ON THE BASIS OF USE)

a. Common Bricks

b. Facing bricks

c. Engineering bricks

BRICK CLASSIFICATION

1. Common
• It is generally use in building work
• Sufficiently hard to carry the loads safely
• poor appearance –poor colour and looks dull
• internal use – not to exposed to view

2. Facing
• Specially made or selected to have an attractive
appearance
• To carry normal loads but still capable to
withstanding the effects of wind, rain
• Used without rendering or plaster
• Durable for external use



3. Engineering bricks

• Selected clay – carefully prepared & carefully
burned

• Solid and hard

• Used for walls carrying heavy loads, brick piers
and general engineering works

• Durable in situations of extreme exposure
• Used for walls carrying exceptionally heavy load

PHOTOS OF CLASSIFICATION OF BRICK

Types of bricks Clay
Calcium silicate

bricks
Concrete bricks



TYPES OF BRICK

1. Calcium silicate (sand-lime)
• Made from sand and lime
• Expensive compare to clay brick and
cement brick
• Coloured- by adding a colouring
during manufacture
• Material are carefully selected
• Accurately proportioned to ensure a
uniform hardness, shape and
durability
• The surface is smooth & no
efflorescence
• Not easily affected by fungus

2. Concrete brick

• Manufactured in the same
size as clay brick

• Consistent in shape, size and
colour than clay brick

• Variety colours and finishes

3. Clay bricks

• Made from: clay, silica, alumina, lime, iron,
manganese and other substances

• Available in variety of strength, types, textures,
colours and special brick

• Different clay have different characteristics, such
as moisture content and chemical composition



HOW IT WORKS?

BRICKWORK/

BRICKBONDING

BRICK BONDING

• Bonding is an arrangement of bricks in a wall, column or
pier laid to a set pattern to maintain an adequate lap

PURPOSE

• Obtained maximum strength whilst distributing the loads
to be carried throughout the wall, column or pier

• Ensure lateral stability (such as wind) and resistance to
side thrusts

• Create an acceptable appearance

PRINCIPLE OF BRICK BONDING

1. Continuous vertical joint without lap will affect the
strength and stability of the wall. To avoid continuous
vertical joint to the wall ¼ bat or ½ has to be used.

2. The type of bond fixed by the designer depend on the
function, situation and thickness of wall.

TYPES OF BRICK BONDING
Stretcher
Bond
English
Bond
Flemish
Bond

TYPES OF BONDING

1. Stretcher Bond

• Consists of all stretchers in every course and is used
for half brick or 102.5mm

• The most straight forward way of laying brick with
the stretcher face of each brick showing externally

• First layer start with half brick follow by 1 brick
(stretcher face) and

• Second layer start with stretcher face (1 brick) and
so on

• This type bond do not have high ability to bear the
load

All bricks are arranged in stretcher course in this bond.
The following are some features of Stretcher bond.

 All bricks laid in stretcher course create stretcher bond

 This bond is useful for half brick wall/partition walls.

 There is no header in such walls

 This bond does not develop proper internal bond or
joint.

 It should not be used for walls having thickness
greater than half brick

STRETCHER BOND

2. English Bond

• First layer consists of stretchers throughout the length
on one course

• Second layer - headers throughout the next layer-
laid quoin header next laid queen closer and after
that headers throughout the course

• It is rather stronger than Flemish bond
• It uses more facing bricks than Flemish bond

This bond is widely used and is considered as the strongest
bond in brick work. The following are some features of English
bond:

i. Alternate courses/layers consist of stretcher and header.
ii. Queen closer is put next to quoin header to develop face

lap
iii. Each alternate course/layer of header is centrally

supported over stretcher.
iv. The joints are not continuous and vertical except at the

end of wall in some cases
v. The bricks in alternate courses have straight joints

Note:
Care should be taken to make header joints thinner otherwise
the break up of joints disappears quickly

ENGLISH BOND

3. Flemish Bond
• The most common used bond as it combines an
attractive appearance with reasonable
strength
• Brick are laid as alternate headers and
stretchers in the same course
• The header in one course being in the centre of
stretchers in the course above and below
• Laid queen closer after the quoin header

FLEMISH BOND

Can you find the differences?

WHAT IS QUEEN CLOSER?

WHAT IS CLOSER?



What is MORTAR?
Definition

• Mortar is a mixture of sand and lime OR mixture of
sand and cement with or without lime. It is used to
bond the brick together.

MORTAR

CHARACTERISTICS /BASIC REQUIREMENT

1. Have adequate strength
2. Have good workability
3. Plasticity long enough for the bricks to be laid
4. Be durable over a long period
5. Bond well to the bricks
6. Be able to be produced at an economic cost

7. To reduce shrinkage of mortar in order to
prevent cracks

8. To reduce construction cost

9. To help hardening properties of lime

MORTAR TYPE

Lime mortar Cement Water Fire
mortar proof proof
mortar mortar

THANK YOU