tgraphy y p o G RAPHIC DESIGNER JUNIOR BASIC UIDELINESS FOR Design Rules Typography Classes Anatomy of Letters Different of 3 Typefaces Short History Design Terms of Typography
4 BOOKS EVERY SHOULD READ GRAPHIC DESIGNER www.afqhztydesigner.com
WELCOME! CONTENTS. From Editors, Hi ! My name is Afiqah Izzati Mohd Azman. It feels so great that finally I can meet all of you (especially my faithful readers^^) for this series. It takes a long journey for me to finishing this topic to think how I want to let you know what is Typography is. In this series, you can learn maybe something new as your addition knowledges. As you can see, maybe Typography is like something that was not important in our life. But, actually as a Graphic Designer, get known of Typography is such an important starting where you can get learn many points that will change your perspective of eyes for you to done some designs especially when it comes in using of copywriting or any typefaces. In graphic design, typography serves two functions. The first is to improve readability, and the second is to assist express a design piece’s meaning, tone, and mood. It is the art of arranging letters and words in such a manner that the material is legible, clear, and visually appealing to the reader. “Typography exist, to honor content.” In this series, you may get to know about Anatomy of a Letter ...................... 1 Different of 3 Typefaces .............. 2 Short History ....................................... 3-4 Design Terms of Typography .. 5-6 Design Rules in Typography .... 7-8 *Extra for this series Typography Courses ................ 9 - Hope you guys enjoy reading it! XOXO
A D ANATOMY single linear element, straight or curved. stroke ascender ascender bowl cross stroke descender stem leg part of lowercase letter that rises above x-height part of lowercase letter that falls below x-height closed, round or oval curve of the letter. horizontal stroke not connected to stem on one or both ends. line that extends across or through the stem. main (usually vertical) stroke. short, descending stroke LETTER h of a F t R g k
Top 5 Serif Top 5 Sans Serif Top 5 Slab Serif Associations Associations Associations Corporate events Conferences & Seminars Helvetica Verdana Arial Century Gothic Calibri Universal Clean Modern Objective Stable Bold Strong Modern Solid Funky Rockwell Courier Museo Clarendon Bevan Reliable Impressive Respectable Autoritative Traditional TIMES NEW ROMAN Bodoni Georgia Garmond Baskerville Festival & Concerts For more information do visit www.shareskill.com Serif Sans Serif Slab Serif Let’s Identify! TYPOGRAPHY WITH EASY WAYS
His tory D ays Good Old Typography’s history begins not with letters, but with pictures. Typography with movable type was invented during the eleventhcentury Song dynasty in China by Bi Sheng (990–1051). His movable type system was manufactured from ceramic materials, and clay type printing continued to be practiced in China until the Qing Dynasty. Wang Zhen was one of the pioneers of wooden movable type. When did ? Typography begin? ?
REVOLUTION As early as 38,000 BC, humans were using cave paintings as a way to visually communicate and record ideas. (In fact, studies published in Science and Sciences Advances have indicated that some cave paintings predate humans, Neanderthals may have been the ones engaging in the earliest roots of typography.) Some early paintings, such as cave walls covered in handprints that have been discovered in countries ranging from Indonesia to Argentina, were more artistic. Modern typography didn’t emerge until the era of the printing press. Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the middle of the 15th Century, the printing press called for clear, catchy typefaces. Where we now use “clickbait” headlines, early news outlets required bold fonts to stand out to readers. Gutenberg’s first typeface, Blackletter, represented a cross between the calligraphy of old and the bold clarity readers would come to expect as the printing press gained its foothold in society. Later, Nicolas Jenson came up with Roman Type, which further simplified letters and served as a predecessor for popular modern fonts such as Cambria or Times New Roman. There were more practical designs, too, with many featuring humans and animals to presumably tell a story about a hunt. Eventually, Mesopotamians and Egyptians developed pictograms like hieroglyphics, the next logical step in written visual communications. These were organized, symbolic systems in which certain pictures corresponded to specific words or phrases. Later, in the Middle Ages, writers developed calligraphy—words that looked like art rather than art meant to represent words.
DESIGN TERMS Did-You-Know? In Typography Let’s start with the most obvious term: typography itself. For many non-designers, font and typography are probably interchanged with good frequency in everyday usage, but there’s a noteworthy difference. Typography is the art and technique behind arranging type, where type means the letters and characters that you see in printed material (whether that’s offline or online). A font would be something like Times New Roman. Typography, therefore, is way more than just how letters and characters are designed: it’s about the science behind laying out said letters and characters, which affects readability and legibility. Without effective typography, design fails to communicate its central message.
Typeface A typeface is also called a font family. Typefaces are the design of the fonts we actually use, it is a collection of a specific type of font for all letters and punctuation. Serif An extra stroke that is added to the end of the main vertical and horizontal strokes of a letterform. Serif typeface when used in print form is “argued” to be the most legible choice. Two common serif choices are Times New Roman and Georgia. Impressions conveyed by Serif are traditional, professional, and established. Sans-Serif When serifs are absent from a typeface. Sans give the impression of strong, contemporary, clean, and simplified. Common sans serif are Arial and Helvetica. Italic A typeface where letters lean to the right. It is used especially for emphasis or distinction. Baseline The imaginary line where all characters sit or rest. Mean Line or Midline Line where nonascending lowercase letters stop. X-Height The space between the baseline and the midline. Cap Height The height of a capital letter measured from the baseline up. Ascender The parts of lowercase characters that lie above the midline. Descender The stroke of a letter that extends beyond the baseline. Body Height The length between the top of the tallest letterform to the bottom of the lowest one. Kerning The spacing in between characters. Aperture The opening or partially enclosed negative space created by an open counter.
T 5 GRAPHY YOU SHOULD KNOW DESIGN RULES BASIC FOR BEGINNERS : PREMIUM EDITION Rules of Typography Typography is the art of text design. We can think of it as an artistic technique for creating illustrations and other graphic design objects. But, in addition to the artistic component, typography is primarily laws and rules that help the reader to easily scan and understand what is written. Typography carries not only an aesthetic task, but also a functional one, which means that the text should be easy to read. Rules to Help Make Text Better When you start working with text on an everyday basis, you see that there are many possibilities to share the same thought in a visually different way. To prevent you from making the most common rookie mistakes, let’s take a more thorough look into the basic rules of typography. YPO
1. Use No More Than Three Typefaces Experimenting with fonts is not worth it if you are a novice designer or if your task is simply to arrange the text on the website. Most often, two typefaces are enough to cover all your design needs. Moreover, you can get by with one typeface, using its different styles, and you will not lose anything. 2. Standard Fonts Are Better Than Decorative Ones Contrary to beginner misconceptions, good typography most often consists of fairly simple font pairs. Handwritten and heavily decorative fonts rarely look relevant, and are often difficult to read, especially on websites. Don’t be afraid to use standard and familiar fonts. They are usually the best designed and won’t make your design look out of place. 3. Contrasting Font Pair When creating a font pair, choose fonts that look visually different but, thanks to one or two attributes, look attractive together. Combine serif typefaces with sans serif, or combine Bold and Regular or Light styles within one typeface. 4. Use Left Alignment Left alignment is suitable in most cases, as it is convenient to read, while being familiar to the eye. Use center alignment for headings, quotes or small amounts of text when there is only a central composition. Justified alignment should not be used at all, as it creates spaces between words and looks unattractive. This type of alignment is used for newspapers and some books, and special typesetters work on their adjustment. Right alignment is rarely used, most often for numbers in tables. 5. Line Length Speaking of web typography, the number of characters per line should be in the range of 40–70 characters for computers and tablets and 30–40 characters for phones. For website texts, the optimal size is 16–20 px. This means that the approximate width of the text block should not exceed 760 px.
What you will learn? easy easyeasy easy easy easy class class class class class class class class You will know how to avoid the fatal mistake that all beginners (and even some professionals) make when sketching letters. You are in total control of your design, as our instructors help you understand how type works in response to your own creative output. You will leave with a deep appreciation for the special design process that carries a typeface from its earliest sketches done with pencil on paper all the way to a monster 90 style family. Each workshop is taught by professional type designers. We keep the instructor/student ratio super low, averaging 10 students per tutor. Our team of instructors includes Dave, Thomas, Alexei, Eben, Aoife & Blondina. Explore More About Typefaces or Create Your Own! WHO ARE WE? Interested in attending an event in your city? Make it happen by finding a potential venue and shoot us an email. www.shareskill.com “We cultivate creativity through workshops & lectures on design, type, visual arts & more.”