Understanding Transit HubsTable of Contents: ● Introduction ● Types of Transit Hubs ● Historical Evolution of Transit Hubs ● Components of a Transit Hub ● Design and Planning Principles ● Case Studies ● Challenges and Issues ● Future Trends and Innovations ● Conclusion
Introduction Definition of Transit Hub A transit hub, often referred to as a transportation hub or interchange, is a centralized locationwhere multiple modes of transportation converge to facilitate the seamless transfer of passengersand cargo between different transportation services. These hubs play a crucial roleintransportation systems by improving connectivity and efficiency. Transit hubs can includevarious components, such as train stations, bus terminals, airports, seaports, and even intermodal facilities, where different modes of transportation come together. The primary purposeof atransit hub is to enhance mobility, reduce travel times, and enhance the convenienceoftransferring between different modes of transportation, ultimately promoting efficient andsustainable transportation networks. Importance of Transit Hubs Transit hubs play a vital role in modern transportation systems and urban planning due totheirsignificant importance. Here are some key reasons why transit hubs are important: 1. Enhanced Connectivity: Transit hubs bring together multiple modes of transportation, suchasbuses, trains, subways, trams, ferries, and even airports. This connectivity allows passengerstoseamlessly transfer from one mode to another, facilitating more efficient and convenient travel. 2. Reduced Congestion: By encouraging the use of public transportation and reducing theneedfor private vehicles, transit hubs can help alleviate traffic congestion in urban areas, which, inturn, can lead to reduced air pollution and shorter commute times. 3. Economic Development: Transit hubs often serve as catalysts for economic development inthe surrounding areas. They attract businesses, retail shops, and other services, leadingtoincreased economic activity, job creation, and improved property values. 4. Accessibility: Transit hubs make transportation more accessible to a wider range of people, including those with disabilities or limited access to private vehicles. This inclusivitycanimprove overall mobility and quality of life for residents.
5. Environmental Benefits: Transit hubs can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by encouragingthe use of cleaner and more sustainable transportation options, such as electric trains andbuses. They also promote walking and cycling as alternative modes of transport. 6. Cost Savings: Using public transportation through transit hubs can be more cost-effectiveforindividuals and families, reducing the expenses associated with owning and maintainingaprivate vehicle. This can be particularly beneficial in the long run. 7. Urban Planning and Land Use: Transit hubs influence urban development by shaping landusepatterns. Placing transit hubs in strategic locations can guide urban growth, promote compact development, and reduce urban sprawl, which can be more sustainable and efficient. 8. Time Savings: Transit hubs help minimize travel time by offering more direct and efficient routes. Passengers can reach their destinations faster and avoid the inconvenience of multipletransfers. 9. Improved Public Transport Efficiency: Transit hubs often include facilities for themaintenance, servicing, and storage of public transportation vehicles. This leads tobettermaintenance practices and more reliable public transportation services. 10. Emergency Response and Disaster Management: Transit hubs can serve as important centersfor emergency response and disaster management, facilitating the evacuation of people duringcrises and serving as coordination points for relief efforts. 11. Tourism and Cultural Exchange: Major transit hubs, such as airports, often serve as thefirst point of contact for tourists and travelers visiting a region. These hubs can showcase local culture, art, and cuisine, contributing to a positive tourism experience. Types of Transit Hubs Transit hubs come in various types, each serving different functions and scales of transportation. The choice of the type of transit hub depends on factors like the volume of passengers, the modesof transportation, and the urban or regional context. Here are some common types of transit hubs: Major Intermodal Hubs: ● These are large-scale hubs that connect multiple modes of transportation, suchasbus terminals, train stations, subway stations, and airports.
● Examples include Grand Central Terminal in New York City and Union StationinWashington, D.C. Airport Hubs: ● Airports often serve as major transit hubs, connecting air travel withgroundtransportation. They may have integrated bus and train terminals withintheairport complex. ● Examples include Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport andChangi Airport in Singapore. Bus Transit Centers: These hubs primarily focus on bus transportation, serving as major points where different bus routes converge. ● Examples include Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City andthePuduraya Bus Terminal in Kuala Lumpur. Train Stations: ● Train stations are hubs for rail transportation, connecting different train lines andsometimes integrating with other modes like buses and subways. ● Examples include Grand Central Terminal in New York City and LondonPaddington Station. Subway and Metro Interchanges: ● These hubs primarily connect different subway or metro lines withina city'stransit system. ● Examples include Times Square-42nd Street in New York City and King's CrossSt. Pancras in London. Ferry Terminals: ● Located in coastal cities or regions with waterways, these hubs connect ferriesand boats with other forms of transportation. ● Examples include Circular Quay in Sydney and Staten Island Ferry Terminal inNew York City.
Park-and-Ride Facilities: ● These are smaller-scale transit hubs often located in suburban areas, allowingcommuters to park their cars and transfer to public transportation for the rest oftheir journey. ● Examples include various park-and-ride lots in suburban areas. Local Transit Centers: ● Smaller transit hubs that serve local or regional transit needs. These mayconnect buses, trams, and other local transportation modes. ● Examples include local bus transfer centers in cities. High-Speed Rail Hubs: ● These hubs serve high-speed rail lines, connecting major cities and regions. Theyoften include integrated transportation facilities. ● Examples include Tokyo Station in Japan and Gare du Nord in Paris. Intercity Bus Terminals: ● Hubs for long-distance bus travel, connecting cities and regions. Theyofferamenities for travelers. ● Examples include the Greyhound Bus Terminal in Chicago and the BerlinZentraler Omnibusbahnhof (ZOB) in Germany. Smart Transit Hubs: ● Emerging hubs that leverage technology for efficient, user-friendly transportationexperiences. They often offer real-time information, ticketing apps, andsmart connectivity. ● Examples include the Shinjuku Expressway Bus Terminal (Busta Shinjuku) inTokyo.
Historical Evolution of Transit Hubs The type of transit hub can vary widely based on local needs and the complexityof thetransportation network. Some hubs are multifunctional, serving both local and long-distancetransportation, while others are designed for specific purposes, like airports or intercity rail travel. Additionally, advancements in technology and urban planning have led to the development ofsmart transit hubs, which are designed to provide travelers with seamless and convenient experiences. The concept of transit hubs has evolved over time to meet the changing needs of transportationand urban development. Transit hubs are central locations where various modes of transportationintersect, making it convenient for passengers to transfer between them. Here's a brief overviewof the historical evolution of transit hubs: 1. Ancient Crossroads: The earliest forms of transit hubs were simply crossroads or intersectionsin ancient cities where travelers on foot, horseback, or by cart would converge. These crossroadsserved as natural gathering points for people and goods moving in different directions. 2. Early Ports and Wharves: In maritime cities, ports and wharves were the first hubs fortransporting goods and people. Ports facilitated the transfer of cargo fromships to carts andcarriages, while also serving as departure points for passenger ships. 3. Train Stations: With the advent of the railroad in the 19th century, train stations became majortransit hubs. These stations were often located in the center of cities and provided a hub for bothpassengers and freight. Grand terminals, like New York City's Grand Central Terminal andLondon's St Pancras International, became iconic architectural landmarks. 4. Streetcar and Trolley Systems: In many cities, streetcar and trolley systems createdtransit hubs at key junctions, enabling passengers to transfer between different lines. These hubs oftenhad waiting areas and transfer points. 5. Interurban Railways: Interurban railways were electric railways that connected cities andtowns, creating transit hubs at each stop. Passengers could easily transfer between interurbanlines and local transit services.
6. Bus Terminals: The proliferation of bus transportation in the 20th century ledtothedevelopment of bus terminals and stations, which functioned as hubs for regional andlong-distance bus routes. These terminals were often integrated with other forms of transportation. 7. Airports: The growth of aviation in the mid-20th century gave rise to airport hubs, wherepassengers could transfer between different flights. Major international airports like ChicagoO'Hare and Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson have become some of the world's busiest transit hubs. 8. Subway and Metro Systems: Rapid transit systems in urban areas, such as subways andmetrosystems, created underground transit hubs that connect various lines and often integratewithother modes of transportation, like buses and commuter rail. 9. Multimodal Transit Centers: In modern urban planning, there is an emphasis on creatingintegrated, multimodal transit centers that combine various forms of transportation, includingbuses, trains, trams, and even bicycles. These centers aim to provide seamless connections forpassengers between different modes of transit. 10. Digital Integration: Today, the evolution of transit hubs also includes digital integration, withthe use of mobile apps and online platforms to provide real-time information, ticketing, andtripplanning. Passengers can access information about schedules, delays, and transfers throughtheirsmartphones, enhancing the overall transit experience. Components of a Transit Hub A well-designed transit hub typically includes a combination of infrastructure, facilities, andservices to provide a seamless and efficient transportation experience for passengers. Thespecific components of a transit hub can vary depending on the size, location, and purpose of thefacility. Here are some common components of a transit hub: 1. Transport Modes: - Bus Terminals: Dedicated areas or platforms for buses to pick up and drop off passengers. - Train Stations: Platforms, tracks, and facilities for boarding and alighting fromtrains. - Subway/Metro Stations: Underground or elevated stations with platforms and tracks. - Tram and Light Rail Stops: Stops or platforms for trams and light rail vehicles. - Bicycle Facilities: Bike racks, storage, and repair stations for cyclists. - Taxi Stands: Designated areas for taxis to pick up and drop off passengers. - Car Parking: Parking facilities for private vehicles, including garages or surface lots.
2. Passenger Amenities: - Sheltered Waiting Areas: Covered spaces with seating to protect passengers fromthe weather. - Information Kiosks: Displays with real-time schedules, maps, and route information. - Ticketing and Fare Collection: Ticket machines, kiosks, and fare gates for purchasingticketsor tapping smart cards. - Restrooms: Public restroom facilities for passengers. - Retail and Dining: Shops, cafes, and restaurants for passengers' convenience. - Passenger Information Displays: Electronic boards or screens displaying real-time arrival anddeparture information. - Customer Service Counters: Staffed counters or help desks to assist passengers. 3. Accessibility: - Elevators and Escalators: Vertical transportation for passengers with limited mobility. - Ramps and Stairs: Accessible routes for passengers on foot or using wheelchairs. - Wayfinding Signage: Clear signage to help passengers navigate the hub. - Designated Access Points: Entrances and exits for different transportation modes. 4. Security and Safety: - Surveillance Cameras: Security cameras for passenger safety. - Emergency Services: Access to emergency response services and first aid facilities. - Lighting: Adequate lighting to enhance safety at night. - Security Personnel: Station staff or security personnel to assist passengers and maintainorder. 5. Intermodal Connectivity: - Pedestrian Walkways: Pedestrian-friendly pathways to connect various transportationmodes. - Transfer Points: Clearly marked transfer areas for switching between different modesoftransit. - Intermodal Facilities: Facilities that allow for the transfer between different types of transit, such as bus-to-train or train-to-subway. 6. Environmental Considerations: - Green Spaces: Landscaping and green areas to enhance the aesthetics of the hub. - Sustainable Design: Environmentally friendly features, such as energy-efficient lightingandrecycling facilities. - Bicycle Infrastructure: Bike lanes, racks, and bike-sharing stations to promote sustainabletransportation. 7. Real-time Information: - Mobile Apps: Mobile applications for passengers to access real-time informationandpurchase tickets.
- Digital Signage: Electronic displays showing real-time information about arrivals, delays, andconnections. 8. Integration with Urban Development: - Urban Design: Integration with the surrounding urban environment and city planning. - Transit-Oriented Development (TOD): Encouragement of mixed-use development aroundthehub to promote walkability and accessibility. The components of a transit hub can vary significantly based on factors such as the size of thefacility, the available budget, and the specific needs of the community it serves. Awell-designedtransit hub aims to provide convenience, accessibility, safety, and a pleasant experienceforpassengers while facilitating seamless transfers between different modes of transportation. Design and Planning Principles of transit hub A well-designed transit hub typically includes a combination of infrastructure, facilities, andservices to provide a seamless and efficient transportation experience for passengers. Thespecific components of a transit hub can vary depending on the size, location, and purpose of thefacility. Here are some common components of a transit hub: 1. Transport Modes: - Bus Terminals: Dedicated areas or platforms for buses to pick up and drop off passengers. - Train Stations: Platforms, tracks, and facilities for boarding and alighting fromtrains. - Subway/Metro Stations: Underground or elevated stations with platforms and tracks. - Tram and Light Rail Stops: Stops or platforms for trams and light rail vehicles. - Bicycle Facilities: Bike racks, storage, and repair stations for cyclists. - Taxi Stands: Designated areas for taxis to pick up and drop off passengers. - Car Parking: Parking facilities for private vehicles, including garages or surface lots. 2. Passenger Amenities: - Sheltered Waiting Areas: Covered spaces with seating to protect passengers fromthe weather. - Information Kiosks: Displays with real-time schedules, maps, and route information. - Ticketing and Fare Collection: Ticket machines, kiosks, and fare gates for purchasingticketsor tapping smart cards. - Restrooms: Public restroom facilities for passengers. - Retail and Dining: Shops, cafes, and restaurants for passengers' convenience.
- Passenger Information Displays: Electronic boards or screens displaying real-time arrival anddeparture information. - Customer Service Counters: Staffed counters or help desks to assist passengers. 3. Accessibility: - Elevators and Escalators: Vertical transportation for passengers with limited mobility. - Ramps and Stairs: Accessible routes for passengers on foot or using wheelchairs. - Way-finding Signage: Clear signage to help passengers navigate the hub. - Designated Access Points: Entrances and exits for different transportation modes. 4. Security and Safety: - Surveillance Cameras: Security cameras for passenger safety. - Emergency Services: Access to emergency response services and first aid facilities. - Lighting: Adequate lighting to enhance safety at night. - Security Personnel: Station staff or security personnel to assist passengers and maintainorder. 5. Inter-modal Connectivity: - Pedestrian Walkways: Pedestrian-friendly pathways to connect various transportationmodes. - Transfer Points: Clearly marked transfer areas for switching between different modesoftransit. - Inter-modal Facilities: Facilities that allow for the transfer between different types of transit, such as bus-to-train or train-to-subway. 6. Environmental Considerations: - Green Spaces: Landscaping and green areas to enhance the aesthetics of the hub. - Sustainable Design: Environmentally friendly features, such as energy-efficient lightingandrecycling facilities. - Bicycle Infrastructure: Bike lanes, racks, and bike-sharing stations to promote sustainabletransportation. 7. Real-time Information: - Mobile Apps: Mobile applications for passengers to access real-time informationandpurchase tickets.
- Digital Signage: Electronic displays showing real-time information about arrivals, delays, andconnections. 8. Integration with Urban Development: - Urban Design: Integration with the surrounding urban environment and city planning. - Transit-Oriented Development (TOD): Encouragement of mixed-use development aroundthehub to promote walkability and accessibility. Case Studies India has been investing in the development of transit hubs to improve urban mobilityandfacilitate seamless transportation connections. Here are a few case studies of transit hubs inIndia: 1. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT), Mumbai: - CSMT, formerly known as Victoria Terminus, is a historic railway station and UNESCOWorld Heritage Site in Mumbai. It serves as a major transit hub, connecting suburban trainlines, long-distance trains, buses, and the Mumbai Metro. The station's Gothic architecture andgranddesign make it an iconic landmark. 2. Chennai Central Station, Chennai: - Chennai Central is one of the busiest railway stations in South India. The stationisundergoing a transformation to become a multimodal transit hub, integrating various formsoftransportation, including suburban trains, the Chennai Metro, and bus services. 3. Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru: - Bengaluru's Kempegowda International Airport has been designed as a modern, integratedtransit hub. It connects air travel with road transport through a well-planned terminal, makingit easy for passengers to transition between flights and ground transportation. 4. Ahmedabad BRTS Stations, Ahmedabad: - Ahmedabad's Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) is a well-known example of transit infrastructure in India. BRTS stations are designed to facilitate smooth bus operations andprovide comfortable passenger amenities. These stations are known for their well-organizeddesign and passenger-friendly features. 5. Delhi Metro Stations, Delhi-NCR: - The Delhi Metro, with its extensive network of stations, has transformed public transportationin the national capital region. Many Delhi Metro stations serve as transit hubs, allowing
passengers to switch between different metro lines and connect to other modes of transport, including buses and auto-rickshaws. 6. Nagpur Metro Stations, Nagpur: - The Nagpur Metro is known for its innovative design, focusing on sustainabilityandpassenger comfort. Stations have been designed to be energy-efficient and incorporate moderntechnology to enhance the passenger experience. 7. Gandhinagar Railway and Bus Station, Gujarat: - The integrated railway and bus station in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, is an example of a transit hubdesigned to streamline passenger transfer between buses and trains. The station featuresamodern and convenient design, making it easier for passengers to switch between modesoftransportation. 8. Kochi Metro, Kochi: - The Kochi Metro system in Kerala includes well-designed metro stations that integrateseamlessly with other modes of transportation, such as buses, ferries, and auto-rickshaws. Thesystem emphasizes sustainable and green practices. 9. Navi Mumbai International Airport (proposed): - The proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport is expected to be a significant transit hubinthe Mumbai metropolitan region. It is designed to connect air travel with the Mumbai SuburbanRailway and other transport modes, improving regional accessibility. These case studies demonstrate India's efforts to create efficient, multimodal transit hubs that facilitate easier connectivity, reduce congestion, and enhance the overall passenger experience. India's urban areas are continually evolving to address the transportation needs of a growingpopulation and the challenges of urbanization. Challenges and Issues in transit hub Transit hubs play a crucial role in urban transportation systems, but they often face a rangeofchallenges and issues. These challenges can vary depending on factors like location, size, andthespecific transportation modes involved. Here are some common challenges and issues facedbytransit hubs: 1. Congestion and Overcrowding:
- Transit hubs can become congested during peak hours, leading to overcrowding anddelaysfor passengers. Managing large volumes of travelers can be a significant challenge. 2. Safety and Security: - Security concerns, such as theft, vandalism, and even more serious crimes, can affect thesafety of passengers using the hub. Proper security measures are essential. 3. Accessibility and Inclusivity: - Ensuring accessibility for all passengers, including those with disabilities, can be challenging, particularly in older or poorly designed facilities. This includes providing ramps, elevators, andtactile paving. 4. Maintenance and Cleanliness: - Keeping transit hubs clean and well-maintained is a continuous challenge. Garbage, graffiti, and general wear and tear can negatively impact the hub's appearance and functionality. 5. Real-time Information: - Providing accurate and up-to-date information to passengers about schedules, delays, andtransfers can be a challenge, particularly in facilities with multiple modes of transportation. 6. Integration of Modes: - Integrating different modes of transportation (e.g., buses, trains, trams) can be complex, requiring careful coordination and planning to ensure seamless transfers between them. 7. Fare Collection and Ticketing: - Ensuring an efficient fare collection system and minimizing issues related to ticketing, including long lines and malfunctioning machines, is crucial for passenger satisfaction. 8. Environmental Impact: - Large transit hubs can have an environmental impact, such as air and noise pollution. Sustainable design and operational practices are needed to mitigate these effects. 9. Land Use and Urban Integration: - Transit hubs may not always integrate well with the surrounding urban environment. This canlead to issues like traffic congestion, inadequate pedestrian access, and underutilization of nearbyland. 10. Infrastructure and Capacity: - Aging or outdated infrastructure may limit the hub's capacity and functionality. Expandingorupgrading the facility can be expensive and logistically challenging.
11. Community and Stakeholder Engagement: - Ensuring that the needs and concerns of the local community and other stakeholders aretaken into account during the planning and design phases can be a challenge. 12. Cost and Funding: - Funding the construction, operation, and maintenance of transit hubs can be a significant issue, especially if the hub is not generating sufficient revenue to cover these costs. 13. Technological Integration: - The integration of modern technologies for ticketing, passenger information, and securitysystems can be complex and require continuous updates to remain effective. 14. Regulatory and Legal Challenges: - Navigating regulatory and legal frameworks, including land use and zoning regulations, canpose challenges to transit hub development and operation. 15. Resilience and Disaster Preparedness: - Ensuring that transit hubs are resilient to natural disasters and emergencies is critical forpassenger safety and operational continuity. Future Trends and Innovations of transit hub The future of transit hubs is likely to be shaped by various trends and innovations aimedat improving efficiency, sustainability, and the passenger experience. Here are some key trends andinnovations to expect in the future of transit hubs: 1. Digitalization and Smart Mobility: - Transit hubs will increasingly integrate digital technology to offer passengers real-timeinformation, mobile ticketing, and contactless payment options. This will enhance the overall passenger experience and reduce congestion at ticket counters. 2. Data Analytics and Predictive Maintenance: - Transit hubs will leverage data analytics and predictive maintenance to monitor infrastructureand equipment health. This will help prevent breakdowns, reduce downtime, and ensureasmoother operation. 3. Sustainable Design and Green Infrastructure:
- Transit hubs will incorporate sustainable building materials, energy-efficient systems, andgreen spaces to reduce environmental impact and promote a healthier, more sustainable urbanenvironment. 4. Mobility as a Service (MaaS): - MaaS platforms will offer passengers the ability to plan, book, and pay for multi-modal journeys seamlessly, allowing them to combine various transportation options within a singleapp. 5. Autonomous Vehicles and Electric Mobility: - Transit hubs will accommodate autonomous vehicles and electric mobility options, providingcharging infrastructure and dedicated areas for self-driving shuttles and electric vehicles. 6. Intermodal Connectivity: - Transit hubs will continue to improve intermodal connectivity, ensuring smooth transitionsbetween different modes of transportation, such as buses, trains, and bike-sharing programs. 7. Urban Air Mobility (UAM): - Some transit hubs may incorporate infrastructure for UAM, including vertical takeoff andlanding (VTOL) aircraft or drones for short-distance urban travel. 8. Micro-Mobility Solutions: - Transit hubs will offer dedicated spaces and charging stations for micro-mobility options likeelectric scooters and bikes, making them more accessible for short trips. 9. Resilience and Disaster Preparedness: - Future transit hubs will be designed with resilience in mind, incorporating features that enablethem to withstand natural disasters and other emergencies to ensure passenger safetyandoperational continuity. 10. Biometric Security and Contactless Access: - Enhanced security measures may include biometric authentication for passengers, reducingthe need for physical tickets or access cards and improving security. 11. Mixed-Use Development: - Transit-oriented developments (TODs) will become more prevalent, with mixed-usecommercial and residential spaces integrated with transit hubs, encouraging pedestrian-friendlyurban environments. 12. Hyperloop and High-Speed Rail Integration:
- As high-speed rail and hyperloop systems develop, transit hubs will be strategicallylocatedto facilitate seamless integration with these modes of transportation. 13. Advanced Energy Management: - Energy-efficient solutions and renewable energy sources will be employed to power transit hubs, reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption. 14. 5G and IoT Connectivity: - High-speed, low-latency 5G networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) will be usedtoimprove connectivity, enabling real-time data sharing and enhancing the passenger experience. 15. Flexible and Modular Design: - Transit hubs may be designed with flexibility and modularity in mind to accommodate futurechanges in transportation trends and technology. 16. Environmental and Cultural Considerations: - Transit hubs will be designed to reflect the local culture and environmental context, promoting a sense of place and identity. Conclusion: In conclusion, transit hubs play a vital role in modern urban transportation systems, facilitatingthe seamless movement of people and goods while enhancing urban connectivity. These central points of convergence are critical for addressing the challenges of increasing urbanization, reducing traffic congestion, and promoting sustainable transportation. The effective designandoperation of transit hubs can significantly impact the quality of life in cities and regions. Transit hubs provide not only a means of transportation but also act as engines for urbandevelopment, often fostering mixed-use developments, encouraging sustainable mobilitychoices, and promoting economic growth. They have the potential to become vibrant, sustainable, andsmart spaces that offer passengers convenience, accessibility, and an enhanced travel experience. As transit hubs evolve in response to changing urban landscapes and technological advancements, they must address various challenges and leverage innovations to meet the demands of anincreasingly urbanized world. These challenges range from congestion and securitytosustainability and resilience. By embracing trends such as digitalization, sustainable design, andintermodal connectivity, transit hubs can adapt and thrive in the future.
In essence, transit hubs are not merely transportation facilities; they are dynamic, multifacetedhubs that help shape the way we live, work, and move in our cities. Their continued development and improvement are essential for building more efficient, sustainable, and livable urbanenvironments. Karpagam Architecture Eachanari Post, Pollachi Main Road, Coimbatore – 641 021 +91 422 2980011 – 15 +91 7373000137, +91 9384049309 [email protected] https://www.facebook.com/wekarpagamarch/ https://twitter.com/wekarpagamarch https://instagram.com/wekarpagamarch?igshid=MzNlNGNkZWQ4Mg==https://www.linkedin.com/company/wekarpagamarch/