Chap 2 - Carbon Compound

Carbon Compound Chapter 2

SELF Reflection
1. Have you mastered the topic of Carbon Compound?
2. What is the content in the topic of Carbon Compound that you want to have a more in-depth

understanding of? Why?
3. How does the topic of Carbon Compound benefit you in daily life?
4. How would you assess your ability to describe the content in the topic of Carbon Compound

to your friends?
5. What can you do to improve your understanding of the topic of Carbon Compound?

Achievement Test

1. Figure 1 shows the products of petroleum fractional distillation at the oil refinery.
(a) Why can petroleum be separated into its components by fractional distillation ?
(b) Which of the following is A, B, C, D or E?
(i) A fraction of kerosene.
(ii) Used as fuel for heavy vehicles A

such as buses and lorries. Naphta Further fractional
(iii) Used to pave roads. B distillation

(c) Process X converts fuel oil to
ethene, butene and petrol.
(i) What is process X and the C

catalyst used? D Ethene
(ii) What is the importance Butene
of process X? Fuel oil Process X Petrol

Petroleum

E Figure 1

2. Figure 2 shows the structural formula of compound X. HHHHH
(a) Compound X is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
(i) What is meant by unsaturated hydrocarbon? HC C C C C H

(ii) State the homologous series of compound X. HHH
(iii) Compound X forms an isomer.
Draw the structural formulae of all isomers Figure 2

for compound X and name each isomer
according to the IUPAC nomenclature.
(b) At a temperature of 180 °C and with the presence of nickel as a catalyst, compound X can
be converted into saturated hydrocarbons.
(i) Name the reaction that takes place.
(ii) Draw the structural formula for the compound formed.

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Theme 2 Organic Chemistry

(c) Compound X burns completely in excess oxygen.
(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for a complete combustion of compound X.
(ii) 14 g of compound X undergoes complete combustion at room temperature.

Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released.
[1 mole of gas occupies a volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature.
Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12].

3. Figure 3 shows a series of reactions involving compound Q, C2H6O.
Glucose
I Yeast

Water + Gas P II Compound Q, C2H6O III Gas R

Combustion Porcelain chips

IV Acidi ed potassium

manganate(VII), KMnO4 solution

Compound S, C2H4O2 V Compound T

Re uxed with
compound Q and concentrated
sulphuric acid, H2SO4
Figure 3

(a) (i) Name reaction I.
(ii) State the name of compound Q.
(iii) Draw the structural formula of compound Q.
(b) Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of compound Q.
(c) (i) State the name of gas R released in reaction III.
(ii) Draw the apparatus set-up to carry out the experiment for reaction III in the
laboratory.
(d) State the colour change of acidified potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4 solution in
reaction IV.
(e) (i) State the name of reaction V.
(ii) State the name of compound T.

Fruits and flowers contain a variety of esters with various Table 1 Smell
flavours and smells. Natural esters are difficult to extract Banana
from natural resources. These esters can be produced in the Ester
laboratories when alcohol reacts with carboxylic acid. Table 1 Pentyl ethanoate Apricot
shows the esters and their smells. Pentyl butanoate

Referring to the information in Table 1, plan a laboratory experiment to prepare two different
esters using the same alcohol and different carboxylic acids, and identify the smells. In your answer,
include the following information:
(a) Hypothesis for this experiment. (b) All variables involved.
(c) Materials and apparatus used. (d) Procedures for conducting the experiment.
(e) Observation. (f) Chemical equations.

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