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Acknowledgement
Project Team
Mr Omer Faheem
General Manager Education Technology
Mr Raheel Essa
Deputy Manager Education Technology
EDTECH Department
Regional Computing Curriculum Leaders
Group Head Office: 31 – Industrial Area, Guru Mangat Road,
Gulberg III, Lahore, Pakistan.
Ph: +92 (42) 111 444 123
Fax: +92 (42) 35773065
Website: www.thecityschool.edu.pk
The entire computing curriculum is mapped with the attainment levels of the
UK National Curriculum, ICDL and ISTE Student Standards 2017-2018.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any part by any
means at any time.
Class 7
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement ________________________________________________________________ 2
Data Handling ____________________________________________________________________ 9
What is a Database? _______________________________________________________________________ 9
Use Relative and Absolute References _________________________________________________________ 9
Relative Reference ________________________________________________________________________ 9
Absolute Reference _______________________________________________________________________ 10
Format Sheet as Table: ____________________________________________________________________ 10
Advanced Filters and Sort Features: __________________________________________________________ 11
Sorting Data ____________________________________________________________________________ 11
Advanced Filters _________________________________________________________________________ 11
Working with Power and Percentage: ________________________________________________________ 12
Power _________________________________________________________________________________ 12
Percentage _____________________________________________________________________________ 12
Common Error Messages – Identify the cause of the error ________________________________________ 13
Advanced Charts _________________________________________________________________________ 13
Charts in Excel ___________________________________________________________________________ 13
Modification of Charts: ____________________________________________________________________ 14
Conditional Formatting: ___________________________________________________________________ 15
Highlight Cells Rules ______________________________________________________________________ 15
Import and export data as CSV file: __________________________________________________________ 16
Pivot Table: _____________________________________________________________________________ 17
Using Pivot Tables to Answer Questions: ______________________________________________________ 18
How to create a pivot table: ________________________________________________________________ 19
Pivoting Data: ___________________________________________________________________________ 21
To change the row: _______________________________________________________________________ 21
To add a column: ________________________________________________________________________ 23
Filters: _________________________________________________________________________________ 24
To add a filter: ___________________________________________________________________________ 24
Slicers: _________________________________________________________________________________ 25
To add a slicer: __________________________________________________________________________ 25
Pivot Charts: ____________________________________________________________________________ 26
To create a pivot chart:____________________________________________________________________ 26
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Building a Website – Adobe Dreamweaver ____________________________________________ 29
What is a webpage? ______________________________________________________________________ 29
What is HTML and What are Basic Tags? _____________________________________________________ 29
HTML Tags: _____________________________________________________________________________ 29
HTML Tag Attributes: _____________________________________________________________________ 30
Creating a Web Page: _____________________________________________________________________ 30
Commonly Used HTML Tags: _______________________________________________________________ 30
Introduction to Adobe Dreamweaver: ________________________________________________________ 31
Getting Started with Dreamweaver: _________________________________________________________ 32
Adding Content and Hyperlinks to Your Webpage: ______________________________________________ 33
Creating a Website: ______________________________________________________________________ 34
Inserting Sound with HTML5: _______________________________________________________________ 35
Inserting Video with HTML5: _______________________________________________________________ 35
What is CSS? ____________________________________________________________________________ 36
CSS with Dreamweaver: ___________________________________________________________________ 36
Applying CSS to HTML: ____________________________________________________________________ 37
Creating forms using DW: _________________________________________________________________ 37
All About Cloud__________________________________________________________________ 41
What is a Computer Network? ______________________________________________________________ 41
Network Topology and Type: _______________________________________________________________ 41
Types of area networks – LAN, MAN and WAN _________________________________________________ 41
4G Network: ____________________________________________________________________________ 42
5G Network: ____________________________________________________________________________ 42
How the Internet Works: __________________________________________________________________ 42
Internet Functions: _______________________________________________________________________ 43
Communication Links: _____________________________________________________________________ 43
Data and Network Security (WEP, WPA, WPA2) ________________________________________________ 43
WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy ______________________________________________________________ 44
WPA. Wi-Fi Protected Access: ______________________________________________________________ 44
Digital Citizenship: _______________________________________________________________________ 44
Personal Data:___________________________________________________________________________ 44
Software Licensing: _______________________________________________________________________ 45
Freeware: ______________________________________________________________________________ 45
Shareware: _____________________________________________________________________________ 45
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Class 7
Cloud Storage: ___________________________________________________________________________ 45
Advantages of Cloud Storage _______________________________________________________________ 46
Disadvantages of Cloud Storage ____________________________________________________________ 46
Google Drive: ___________________________________________________________________________ 46
Accessing Google Drive: ___________________________________________________________________ 46
Gmail: _________________________________________________________________________________ 47
Signing Up for Google account ______________________________________________________________ 47
Introduction to Google Docs: _______________________________________________________________ 48
Adding a File to Google Drive _______________________________________________________________ 49
Main User Interface of Google Docs, Sheets and Slides: __________________________________________ 50
Real-Time Collaboration ___________________________________________________________________ 50
Google Translate: ________________________________________________________________________ 50
Google Translate Text from Photos: __________________________________________________________ 51
Google Maps: ___________________________________________________________________________ 51
Types of Maps ___________________________________________________________________________ 51
Google Maps on Phone: ___________________________________________________________________ 52
Places Option: ___________________________________________________________________________ 52
Google Coordinates: ______________________________________________________________________ 52
Programming the Computer (Python) ________________________________________________ 55
Programming the Computer: _______________________________________________________________ 55
Flowchart and Algorithms: _________________________________________________________________ 55
Algorithms: _____________________________________________________________________________ 55
Flowchart: ______________________________________________________________________________ 56
Pseudocode & Steps to Solution: ____________________________________________________________ 57
What is a Program? ______________________________________________________________________ 57
How a Program Interacts with Hardware? ____________________________________________________ 57
Python Programming Language: ____________________________________________________________ 57
Writing a Program in Python: _______________________________________________________________ 58
Python Indentations: _____________________________________________________________________ 59
What are Variables and Data Types: _________________________________________________________ 59
Comments: _____________________________________________________________________________ 59
Creating Variables: _______________________________________________________________________ 59
Variable Names __________________________________________________________________________ 60
Practice: _______________________________________________________________________________ 60
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Class 7
Assign Value to Multiple Variables: __________________________________________________________ 60
Output Variables _________________________________________________________________________ 60
Python Numbers: ________________________________________________________________________ 61
Type Conversion _________________________________________________________________________ 61
Calculations with Numbers _________________________________________________________________ 61
LIST in Python: ___________________________________________________________________________ 62
Delete and Add List Elements: ______________________________________________________________ 62
Python Conditions and If Statements _________________________________________________________ 63
IF _____________________________________________________________________________________ 63
Elif for Multiple Conditions _________________________________________________________________ 63
Else ___________________________________________________________________________________ 63
Conditional Operators & Logical Operators: ___________________________________________________ 63
Python “For” Loops _______________________________________________________________________ 64
Example & Practice: ______________________________________________________________________ 65
Converting code into a function: ____________________________________________________________ 65
Create shapes and graphics with Python (Tkinter): ______________________________________________ 65
Events: _________________________________________________________________________________ 67
Checking for Bugs: _______________________________________________________________________ 69
Robotics – Edison ________________________________________________________________ 71
What is Robotics? ________________________________________________________________________ 71
Why Robotics? __________________________________________________________________________ 71
SPHERO ________________________________________________________________________________ 72
GITA ___________________________________________________________________________________ 72
MOXI __________________________________________________________________________________ 72
ANYBOTSS ______________________________________________________________________________ 72
HV-100_________________________________________________________________________________ 73
Meet Edison: ____________________________________________________________________________ 73
ATLAS__________________________________________________________________________________ 73
Edison’s Sensors, Buttons and Switches: ______________________________________________________ 74
EdPy App: ______________________________________________________________________________ 75
EdPy Interface: __________________________________________________________________________ 75
EdPy Online Account: _____________________________________________________________________ 76
Working with EdPy: ______________________________________________________________________ 76
Edison Drive Functions with EdPy: ___________________________________________________________ 77
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Class 7
Ed.Drive Direction Parameters: _____________________________________________________________ 77
Creating a Square with Edison: _____________________________________________________________ 78
Using Variables for Edison _________________________________________________________________ 78
Using Loops to Program Edison _____________________________________________________________ 78
For Loop________________________________________________________________________________ 78
Creating a square with Edison: ______________________________________________________________ 78
Creating a Circle with Edison: _______________________________________________________________ 79
While Loop _____________________________________________________________________________ 79
Play tunes on Edison: _____________________________________________________________________ 79
A Robot with Logic and Senses: _____________________________________________________________ 79
Obstacle Detection:_______________________________________________________________________ 80
Right and left obstacle detection: ___________________________________________________________ 81
Clap Control Drive: _______________________________________________________________________ 81
Line Tracking Sensor: _____________________________________________________________________ 81
Light Sensors: ___________________________________________________________________________ 82
Light following: __________________________________________________________________________ 82
Presenting Your Ideas – MS Sway ___________________________________________________ 83
What is Sway? ___________________________________________________________________________ 83
What can I create with Sway? ______________________________________________________________ 83
Sign in to Start Creating ___________________________________________________________________ 83
Create: _________________________________________________________________________________ 84
Get to Know the Sway Storyline _____________________________________________________________ 84
Add Images and Text to Your Sway __________________________________________________________ 85
Add Content to Your Sway _________________________________________________________________ 85
Preview Your Sway _______________________________________________________________________ 85
Change the Style of Your Sway ______________________________________________________________ 86
Share Your Sway _________________________________________________________________________ 86
Mobile App Development – App Lab _________________________________________________ 87
What is Applab? _________________________________________________________________________ 87
Getting Started: _________________________________________________________________________ 87
Responding to Events: ____________________________________________________________________ 88
Adding Sound: ___________________________________________________________________________ 90
Designing your app: ______________________________________________________________________ 91
References _____________________________________________________________________ 95
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Class 7
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Data Handling Class 7
Data Handling
What is a Database?
A database (DB), in the most general sense, is an organized collection of data. In other words, a
database is used by an organization as a method of storing, managing and retrieving information.
Modern databases are managed using a database management system (DBMS).
Use Relative and Absolute References
In MS Excel all the cells have an address, for example, the first cell is known as A1. This address is
taken from rows and columns, A is for the column and 1 is for the row. A cell reference is the
“address” of the cell and identifies its location. When you want to copy the same formula to new
cells, you can use the relative and absolute references.
Relative Reference
Relative Reference is the cell reference. When you copy a cell that has a formula, the formula
changes automatically. The change depends on the relative position of rows and columns.
For example, type the contents of columns A and B below and in cell C2, type =A2*B2. If you copy
the formula A2*B2 to cell C3, it will become A3*B3.
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Absolute Reference
An absolute reference is used when we want to keep a cell, a row or a column constant when
copying a formula. You have to declare it when you create the formula by using the $ (dollar sign).
This way you create an absolute reference which doesn’t change when it’s copied or “filled”.
$E$1 Cell reference will not update while copying or filling.
$E1 Only the row reference will update and the column remains the same.
E$1 Only column reference will update and row remains the same.
Format Sheet as Table:
In Excel, a table is a specially designated range of numbers. This special range of numbers has added
functionality that other cell ranges do not have. You can have more than one table in a workbook or
worksheet if you want, and tables can be as large or small as the amount of data you want to work
with.
Normally a table is made from adjacent columns of data, with a unique label or heading for each
column. Each row in the table should have entries organized according to the column headings. You
should keep your table data adjacent in a block to take advantage of all of Excel’s table features.
Some Excel features, like filters and PivotTables, will not work correctly if the data is not blocked
together in adjacent columns as a table.
To create a table from existing data in your spreadsheet:
1. Select a range of data in adjacent columns or click any cell within the required data range
2. On the Home Ribbon, Style group, click on the Format as Table button.
3. This will display a menu of table formatting options. If you click on one of the table
menu options, the selected range will be formatted as a
table based on the style of your choice.
4. When you choose a table format, you will see a Format as
Table dialogue box appear.
5. Make sure the cell range shown is the range that you want
for your table;
6. Click the OK button to create your table.
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Data Handling Class 7
Advanced Filters and Sort Features:
Sorting Data
If you have a lot of records, it’s a good idea to sort them because this way it will be
easier to find what you are looking for. You can put the data in alphabetical order for
text fields or start from the smallest to the largest (and vice versa) for numbers.
1. Choose a column that you want to sort by
2. Click on the Sort & Filter option on the Home Tab and select the order either Ascending or
Descending as per your necessity.
3. If there is any data in your other adjacent columns a warning
window will appear before performing the sorting option to
expand the selection or continue with the existing selection.
Advanced Filters
Advanced filters can be constructed to get more control over your data tables.
1. As an example, we want to display the records of kids whose Hobby is photography.
2. Click the arrow button next to a field header Hobby.
3. Click Text Filters and then click Custom Filter.
4. In the Hobby list, click contains and in the text box next to it, type photography.
5. Click OK. Then only those records whose Hobby field contains the word photography are
displayed.
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Data Handling Class 7
Working with Power and Percentage:
Power
In complex calculations, there is more than one part to the formula, the order of the calculations is
from left to right, but any part of the formula in parentheses will be calculated first.
The basic calculations and their symbols in MS Excel
Multiplication Power Division Addition Subtraction Percentage
* ^ / + - %
1. Try simple exponent/power calculation using a ^ symbol in your formula
answer will be 4.
2. Type the numbers below.
3. Click any cell and type =((C1^A1)-(D1^B1))+((B1/A1)*A1)^2
4. Press enter and you will see the answer as -309.
5. In MS Excel ^ used as an exponent calculation whereas MS Excel default fx POWER(A2,B2)
can also be used for the same purpose.
Percentage
Values can be changed from a decimal number to a percentage by applying the percentage format.
Microsoft Excel multiplies the cell by 100 and displays the result with the percentage sign.
1. Click cell B3 and type =B2/D2.
2. Click cell C3 and type =C2/D2.
3. Select the cells which contain the
numbers you want to format, in this
case, B3 and C3.
4. On the Home tab, in the Number
group, click the Percentage Symbol button %.
5. Percentage can be applied through formula directly putting *100 at the end of the formula.
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Data Handling Class 7
Common Error Messages – Identify the cause of the error
If we do mistake while typing formulas. MS Excel will show you different types of errors relevant to
the mistake we have made in a formula.
The most common error messages are:
######
This “message” appears when the column is not wide enough to display all of its content. You can
correct it by increasing the width of the column to fit the content correctly.
#DIV/0!
This error message appears when you divide something by 0. You can correct it by changing the
divider in the function or formula so it is not zero or blank.
#NAME?
This error message appears when you have typed a wrong formula and MS Excel cannot recognize it.
You can correct it by typing the correct formula’s name.
#VALUE! Error
This error appears when your formula includes cells that contain text and numbers. You can correct
it by correcting data types.
Advanced Charts
Charts in Excel
A chart is a graphical representation of data and describes the overall analysis visually. There are
several type charts in MS Excel for different sorts of data.
The Column/Bar Chart is used to The Line Chart is used to display The Pie Chart is used to display
illustrate comparisons between a trends. It shows the changes in only one series of data. It shows
series of data. In a column chart, data over a period of time. the relationship of the parts to the
categories appear horizontally (x- Numeric values always appear whole. You have to pay attention.
axis) and numeric values appear vertically (y-axis) and categories It is suitable for showing data for
vertically (y-axis). The opposite horizontally (x-axis). It is suitable one group.
happens in a bar chart which is for showing data for a large
one of the most commonly used number of groups.
chart types.
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Data Handling Class 7
To create a column chart, execute the following steps:
1. Select the range of cells for which we want the chart to be plotted.
2. On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, select the chart type.
3. For Column charts select the range A1:A7, hold down CTRL, and select the range C1:D7
4. For Line charts select the range A1:D7
5. For Pie charts Select the range A1:D2
Modification of Charts:
To modify the charts, select the chart and go to Design/Format tabs:
Click on Change Click on Quick Click Add Chart Element, Every element of the chart
Colours to change Layout to select to add furthermore is editable, to do that select
the colour theme the predefined elements like Chart Title, that element of the chart
of the chart layouts Data Labels, Legends etc. and go to Format Tab.
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Data Handling Class 7
Conditional Formatting:
Conditional formatting in Excel enables you to highlight cells with a certain colour, depending on the
cell's value.
Highlight Cells Rules
To highlight cells that are greater than a value, execute the following steps.
1. Select the range A1:A10.
2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting.
3. Click Highlight Cells Rules, Greater Than.
4. Enter the value 80 and select a formatting style.
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5. Click OK and Results will be highlighted for cells that are greater than 80.
6. Try applying other sorts of conditional formatting on your data.
Import and export data as CSV file:
In MS Excel we can import and export data from many sources to many types of file. One of the most
common sources for import and export is the CSV file. CSV files are Comma-Separated Values and
can be incorporated in any software or database.
To import a CSV file, follow these steps:
1. From the office ribbon go to the Data
Tab and click the From Text button
2. Select the CSV file from the file browser
window that just opened.
3. After selecting the file select delimited
from the Text Import Wizard
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Data Handling Class 7
4. Click next and at this point, data can be separated through a Tab, Semicolon, Comma, or
Space and can be specified in the Other: box and click next and finish.
To export data in CSV simply save as the file in CSV format
1. Open an Excel file, on the File tab click Save As and click Browse.
2. Select the file type as CSV and click save.
Pivot Table:
When you have a lot of data, it can sometimes be difficult to analyse all of the information in your
worksheet. PivotTables can help make your worksheets more manageable by summarizing data and
allowing you to manipulate it in different ways.
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Data Handling Class 7
Using Pivot Tables to Answer Questions:
Let's say we wanted to answer the question: What is the amount sold by each salesperson? for the
sales data in the example below. Answering this question could be time-consuming and difficult as
each salesperson appears on multiple rows, and we would need to total all of their different orders
individually. We could use the Subtotal command to help find the total for each salesperson, but we
would still have a lot of data to work with.
Fortunately, a PivotTable can instantly calculate and summarize the data in a way that's both easy
to read and manipulate. When we are done, the PivotTable will look something like this:
Once you have created a PivotTable, you can use it to answer different questions by rearranging—or
pivoting—the data. For example, if we wanted to answer the question: What is the total amount
sold in each month? we could modify our PivotTable to look like this:
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Data Handling Class 7
How to create a pivot table:
1. Select the table or cells (including column headers) containing the data you want to use.
2. From the Insert tab, click the PivotTable command.
3. The Create PivotTable dialogue box will appear. Choose your settings, then click OK. In our
example, we will use Table1 as our source data and place the PivotTable on a new
worksheet.
4. A blank PivotTable and Field List will appear on a new worksheet.
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Data Handling Class 7
5. Once you create a PivotTable, you will need to decide which fields to add. Each field is
simply a column header from the source data. In the PivotTable Field List, check the box for
each field you want to add. In our example, we want to know the total amount sold by each
salesperson, so we will check the Salesperson and Order Amount fields.
6. The selected fields will be added to one of the four areas below the Field List. In our
example, the Salesperson field has been added to the Rows area, while the Order Amount
has been added to the Values area. Alternatively, you can click, hold, and drag a field to the
desired area.
7. The PivotTable will calculate and summarize the selected fields. In our example, the
PivotTable shows the amount sold by each salesperson.
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Data Handling Class 7
Note: Just like with normal spreadsheet data, you can sort the data in a PivotTable using the Sort &
Filter command in the Home tab. You can also apply any type of Number Formatting you want. For
example, you may want to change the Number Format to Currency. However, be aware that some
types of formatting may disappear when you modify the PivotTable.
If you change any of the data in your source worksheet, the PivotTable will not update
automatically. To manually update it, select the PivotTable and then go to Analyse > Refresh.
Pivoting Data:
One of the best things about PivotTables is that they can quickly pivot—or reorganize—data,
allowing you to look at your worksheet data in different ways. Pivoting data can help you answer
different questions and even experiment with the data to discover new trends and patterns.
In our example, we used the PivotTable to answer the question: What is the total amount sold by
each salesperson? But now we'd like to answer a new question: What is the total amount sold in
each month? We can do this by simply changing the field in the Rows area.
To change the row:
1. Click, hold, and drag any existing fields out of the Rows area. The field will disappear.
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2. Drag a new field from the Field List into the Rows area. In our example, we will use the
Month field.
3. The PivotTable will adjust—or pivot—to show the new data. In our example, it now shows
the total order amount for each month.
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Data Handling Class 7
To add a column:
So far, our PivotTable has only shown one column of data at a time. To show multiple columns, you
will need to add a field to the Columns area.
1. Drag a field from the Field List into the Columns area. In our example, we will use the Region
field.
2. The PivotTable will include multiple columns. In our example, there is now a column for each
region.
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Data Handling Class 7
Filters:
To add a filter:
In our example, we will filter out certain salespeople to determine how they affect the total sales.
1. Drag a field from the Field List to the Filters area. In this example, we will use the
Salesperson field.
2. The filter will appear above the PivotTable. Click the drop-down arrow, then check the box
next to Select Multiple Items.
3. Uncheck the box for any items you do not want to include in the PivotTable. In our example,
we will uncheck the boxes for a few different salespeople, then click OK.
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Data Handling Class 7
4. The PivotTable will adjust to reflect the changes.
Slicers:
Slicers make filtering data in PivotTables even easier. Slicers are just like filters, but they're easier
and faster to use, allowing you to instantly pivot your data. If you frequently filter your PivotTables,
you may want to consider using slicers instead of filters.
To add a slicer:
1. Select any cell in the PivotTable.
2. From the Analyse tab, click the Insert Slicer command.
3. A dialogue box will appear. Select the desired field. In our example, we'll select Salesperson,
then click OK.
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Data Handling Class 7
4. The slicer will appear next to the PivotTable. Each selected item will be highlighted in blue.
In the example below, the slicer contains a list of all salespeople, and six of them are
currently selected.
5. Just like filters, only selected items are used in the PivotTable. When you select or deselect
items, the PivotTable will instantly reflect the changes. Try selecting different items to see
how they affect the PivotTable. Press and hold the Ctrl key on your keyboard to select
multiple items from a slicer.
Note: You can also click the Filter icon in the top-right corner to select all items from the slicer at
once.
Pivot Charts:
Pivot Charts are like regular charts, except they display data from a PivotTable. Just like regular
charts, you will be able to select a chart type, layout, and style that will best represent the data.
To create a pivot chart:
In this example, our PivotTable is showing each person's total sales per month. We will use a
PivotChart so we can see the information more clearly.
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Data Handling Class 7
1. Select any cell in your PivotTable.
2. From the Insert tab, click the PivotChart command.
3. The Insert Chart dialogue box will appear. Select the desired chart type and layout, then
click OK.
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4. The PivotChart will appear.
Note: Try using slicers or filters to change the data that is displayed. The PivotChart will
automatically adjust to show the new data.
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Building a Website – Adobe Dreamweaver Class 7
Building a Website – Adobe Dreamweaver
What is a webpage?
A web page or webpage is a document commonly written in HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language)
that is accessible through the Internet or other networks using an Internet browser. A web page is
accessed by entering a URL address and may contain text, graphics, and hyperlinks to other web
pages and files.
A webpage can contain multiple types of scripting and programming languages such as HTML, CSS,
JavaScript, Python, PHP, ASP.Net etc.
What is HTML and What are Basic Tags?
Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) is the standard mark-up language for documents designed to
be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets
(CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and other
objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML provides a means
to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings,
paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using
angle brackets. Tags such as <img /> and <input /> directly introduce content into the page. Other
tags such as <p> surround and provide information about document text and may include other tags
as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags but use them to interpret the content of
the page.
HTML5 is the latest version of Hypertext Mark-up Language, HTML5 has been designed to deliver
almost everything you'd want to do online without requiring additional software such as browser
plugins. It does everything from animation to apps, music to movies, and can also be used to build
incredibly complicated applications that run in your browser.
HTML Tags:
There are two types of tags, Paired Tags and Unpaired Tags
A paired tag consists of two tags, the first one is called an opening tag and the second one is called a
closing tag. These tags contain the text in between at which the effect of that tag will be applied.
Example: <b>ABC</b>
Here <b> is the opening tag, </b> is the closing tag and ABC the text in between which will result as
ABC on the browser screen.
More Examples:
• <i> </i> • <ul> </ul>
• <div> </div> • <h1> </h1> etc.
An Unpaired tag is a single tag which does not need a companion tag. These tags can be written like
< > or < /> both works as same, it’s your choice which style you choose.
Example:
• <br> or <br /> • <hr> or <hr />
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Building a Website – Adobe Dreamweaver Class 7
HTML Tag Attributes:
Attributes define additional characteristics or properties of the element such as width and height of
an image. Attributes are always specified in the start tag (or opening tag) and usually consists of
name/value pairs like name="value".
Creating a Web Page:
Creating an HTML page is easy as saving a notepad document, Follow the steps below to save an
HTML using a simple text editor like Notepad.
• Open notepad and create the basic HTML Structure based on the following tags:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<Head>
<Title> My First web page
</Title>
</Head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
• Save the file on your computer. Select
File > Save as in the Notepad menu and
manually change the index.txt to
index.html
• Always save the first page of your web
with the name “index” as index.html is the most common name used for the default page
shown on a website if no other page is specified when a visitor requests the site. In other
words, index.html is the name used for the homepage of the website.
• After saving the file, close the notepad and double click on the file to execute. You will notice
instead of opening this file in notepad it will open in your default web browser.
• To edit the same file with text editor simply right click on the file and open with notepad.
Commonly Used HTML Tags:
<html> … </html>
This tag specifies that the webpage is written in HTML. It appears at the very first and last line of the
webpage. It is mainly used to show that the page uses HTML5 – the latest version of the language.
Also known as the root element, this tag can be thought of as a parent tag for every other tag used
in the page.
<head> … </head>
This tag is used to specify Metadata about the webpage. It includes the webpage’s
name<Title>…</Title>, its dependencies (JS and CSS scripts), font usage etc.
<title> … </title>
As the name suggests, this tag contains the title/name of the webpage. You can see this in your
browser’s title bar for every webpage open in the browser. Search engines use this tag to extract the
topic of the webpage, which is quite convenient when ranking relevant search results.
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<body> … </body>
Everything the user sees on a webpage is written inside this tag. It is a container for all the contents
of the webpage.
<h1..h6> … </h1..h6>
Six different variations of writing a heading. <h1> has the largest font size, while <h6> has the
smallest.
<div> … </div>
A webpage’s content is usually divided into blocks, specified by the div tag also known as division.
<p> … </p>
Plain text is placed inside this tag.
<br/>
A line break for webpages. Is used when wanting to write a new line.
<sub> … </sub>
Used for writing a subscript (smaller font just below the mid-point of normal font). Example: H2O
<sup> … </sup>
th
Similar to the above tag, but for superscripting. Example 12 .
<b>…</b> OR <strong>…</strong>
For making the text bold.
<u>…</u>
For the Underline.
<i>…</i> OR <em>…</em>
For making the text bold and em means to emphasize.
<a href=“”> … </a>
Anchor tag. Primarily used for including hyperlinks.
<img src= “” Alt/>
A tag to display images in the webpage followed by the URL or path where the image is located
either on your drive or on the web. The alt tag is alternative is a contingency that if the image is not
loaded from the server due to the wrong URL or non-responsive connection from server a text
related to the image will appear.
Introduction to Adobe Dreamweaver:
Dreamweaver is a web development tool. It is basically for generating HTML while using an editable
front end, kind of like using Word to do all your layout, and the end result is an HTML code. The idea
is that you should be able to do all of your layouts visually without having to worry about the
underlying generated code.
Adobe Dreamweaver is one of many HTML editors. It is used to edit HTML, PHP, JavaScript, CSS and
related files and can also be used to upload them to one's Web server. Dreamweaver is considered
to be a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor, although what you see in the program is
not always an exact match of what you would see on a live page as that requires a thorough
understanding of the code as well its structure.
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Getting Started with Dreamweaver:
Welcome screen:
On welcome screen select HTML
to open a blank HTML file and
save it in a folder. Unlikely
notepad Dreamweaver will save
the document in HTML format.
It is highly recommended to
save your HTML documents in a
separate folder as other
documents like CSS and Images
will also need to save in this
folder, the reason behind this is that other external resources will be embedded through the URL
and improper placements may cause malfunction of content.
Tools to insert HTML CSS and Properties Panel to
commands/elements add and modify elements
instead of typing them Website preview on web
browser
Code view to the see the
underlying source,
Design View to work with
GUI and Split View to
work in Design view, but
also want quick access to
HTML Document Title
the code This is the part of design
which displays in web
view where we design
browser’s title
HTML content using GUI
and this will similarly
appear in web browser
Properties panel to edit,
format, change appearance
and add HTML Anchor links
to any element
Basic word processing
tools, like bold underline,
italic, numbers and bullet
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Adding Content and Hyperlinks to Your Webpage:
To add content on your webpage, we will use the design view of DW (Dreamweaver). This UI looks
similar to a word processing software but there are some limitations due to the HTML code.
Follow the steps below to create an HTML document about General information of Pakistan:
• Open DW and copy-paste the text from google.
• DW supports all the external HTML items. Therefore any data, text, and images copied from
other sources will be pasted here with all the relevant formatting and hyperlinks, which
might disturb the existing HTML layout, therefore while pasting external content use the
Ctrl+Shift+V to paste special and select the option of Text only.
• Add the HTML title to “About Pakistan”.
• Copy-paste the text about Pakistan from Wikipedia.
• Select the text of Pakistan heading and change it to heading 1 from the properties on the
bottom also change its colour to our national green colour. Once the colour is applied DW
will automatically create a CSS with the name of style1 as a default action, this style can also
be used to apply the same formatting to any other text as well.
• Create a five-point bulleted list for the information of Pakistan using the bullet option from
the properties on the bottom.
• After that add a simple text “Click here for more information” and add a hyperlink from the
properties on the bottom. Enter the URL of the website from which you have downloaded
the data.
• Save the file and click on the globe icon or press F12 to preview it on the default web
browser.
HTML Title Website preview in browser
Content copied from
Wikipedia
Anchor HREF (Hyperlink
Reference)
Enter URL to links, URLs
can also be linked to files
locally available on
computer
CSS Styles
Bullets and numbering.
Headings 1-6 and Paragraph OL(ordered list),
UL(Unordered list)
Create this HTML document along with every element and also check the functionality of the
Wikipedia link.
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Creating a Website:
In a traditional website, there is a lot of content containing text, images, videos, sounds, etc. this
content needs proper management to effectively use the space and also provide a clear and
aesthetic look to users/viewer.
Content management on a webpage can be achieved in several
ways but the two most common ways are Tables and DIVs. Tables in
HTML can be formed using the Table icon which will later ask
for the properties of the table like the number of rows and column,
table width, border thickness, cell padding and spacing (cell
margins). The table can also have tables inside to manage the content more symmetrically, and this
table is called a nested table/s.
Follow the steps below to create a webpage with navigation using tables:
• Add background colour or a background image to the page from properties panel on the bottom,
also set the font to Calibri from the same menu so the whole text in this document should be
displayed with Calibri font. These formatting will automatically add CSS in the code.
• Add the HTML webpage title as “Search Engine Database”.
• Create a new table with 1000px width and 6 rows and 4 columns. Set cell border, cell padding, cell
spacing to 0, by doing this the table will not visible and can be used only for the structure and
content management.
• After creating the table, set its background appropriately so the background colour or image will not
bother the content we will place inside the table.
• Select the cells of the first row, right-click to open the menu and from the menu select table and
merge cells or press CTRL+ALT+M after selecting the cells.
• Insert a relevant header image to the topic in a merged cell as a header of the website. Using the
insert image option. Ideally, the image size would be 1000px in width and height would not exceed
more than 250px.
• In the next line write the name of search engines in the centre of the cells column-wise: Google,
Bing, Yahoo and Baidu and also create a link to each of them to their respective websites.
• Apply appropriate formatting to the search engine heading from the properties panel.
• Download the logos of these search engines and place below the cell with some information about
that search engine.
• Centre align the pictures and set the image size to 200 width x 100 height.
• A hyperlink can also assign on the pictures with the same procedure use to assign hyperlinks to text.
Add hyperlink on pictures to their relevant search engines.
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Inserting Sound with HTML5:
To play an audio file in HTML, use the <audio> element:
<audio src="sound.mp3" controls>Your browser does not support Audio</audio>
• The controls attribute adds audio controls, like play, pause, and volume.
• The <source> element allows you to specify the URL of the audio.
• The text between the <audio> and </audio> tags will only be displayed in browsers that do
not support the <audio> element.
• <audio> can be used to play sound files in the following formats:
.mp3: Supported by all modern browsers.
.wav: Not supported by Internet Explorer.
.ogg: Not supported by Internet Explorer and Safari.
Audio can be placed like an object similar to images or text in DIV or Table.
Inserting Video with HTML5:
In HTML or on the website, the videos can be placed by two methods.
Either we embed the video from an external website like YouTube or
we can place the video along with our website. Embedding a video
from YouTube is always recommended as it does not occupy space on
our server and it does not affect the traffic of our website.
These are the 3 easy steps to embed a video from YouTube.
• Access the video which you want to embed in
HTML.
• Click on share and then click on Embed
• YouTube will automatically give you the code for
embedding, add that code to your HTML and resize
height and width from the iframe code if necessary.
The other way to add a video in HTML is using the HTML5 <video> tag
The HTML5 <video> element specifies a standard way to embed a video in a web page.
<video width="320" height="240" controls>
<source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4"> Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>
• The controls attribute adds video controls, like play, pause, and volume.
• It is a good idea to always include width and height attributes. If height and width are not
set, the page might flicker while the video loads.
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• The <source> element allows you to specify
alternative video files which the browser may
choose from. The browser will use the first
recognized format.
• The text between the <video> and </video> tags
will only be displayed in browsers that do not
support the <video> element.
Video can be placed like an object similar to images or text
in DIV or Table.
What is CSS?
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets, CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed in web
browsers, CSS typically creates design profiles for any HTML element for reuse and overall layout
control of the document layout.
There are three methods of CSS integration in HTML: Inline CSS, Internal CSS and External CSS.
Internal CSS Example:
CSS of Search Engine
<style>
Database HTML Doc
body {background-color:lightblue; font-family: Calibri;}
h1 {color:blue; font-size:40px;}
p {font-family:verdana; font-size:20px;}
</style>
Inline CSS Syntax
A CSS rule consists of a selector and a declaration block:
The selector points to the HTML element to style (h1).
The declaration block (in curly braces) contains one or more
declarations separated by semicolons.
Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value,
separated by a colon.
CSS with Dreamweaver:
CSS can be added and edit using GUI of DW as well and DW will
automatically add the CSS code respectively.
Follow the steps below to add CSS using GUI of DW:
• Start DW with a new HTML document.
• Right-click on the blank area of CSS Styles panel which is usually
located on the right side.
• Click on the New option.
• In the new CSS rule window, select the class
option and add the name of the class for which
this class will be defined, like navigation.
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• The option of “Define in” new style sheet
can be used for external CSS whereas “This
document only” option will create CSS
within the HTML document.
• Select “This document only” option and
click OK.
• After that, another window will appear in
which we will define the styles of CSS for
this specific class.
• We can define the background colour, font
colour, font type, background image, bold,
underline, italic, block, position, list items, hover etc.
• After defining the properties of CSS, it will be added and available in CSS Style
Panel on the right side for further editing and addition.
• By clicking on “Add Property” option more properties can be added for the
whole class.
• Using CSS standardize the formatting and layout for all HTML elements, which
comes handy by times when we made a slight change in class property and
then it will reflect everywhere where it is applied.
Applying CSS to HTML:
CSS can be applied through adding a class attribute in HTML tag, but if in case the content is text and
does not contain any HTML tags, CSS can’t be integrated with it, therefore a <span> tag can be used
to call the CSS class.
If the content is already between HTML tag like <p>, <td>, <div> etc. than we can use simply add the
attribute of class=“name of CSS class” to do the magic.
<span class="navigation">this is a text from CSS navigation class</span>
This is the formatting of the text which we have
defined while creating Navigation class earlier.
Another convenient way to apply CSS class is to use the properties panel at the bottom and click on
the styles while selecting that HTML content, all the defined class will be listed here.
Creating Web Forms:
A webform, web form or HTML form on a web page allows a user to enter
data that is sent to a server for processing. Forms can resemble paper or
database forms because web users fill out the forms using checkboxes,
radio buttons, or text fields. For example, forms can be used to enter shipping or credit card data to
order a product or can be used to retrieve search results from a search engine.
One of the most common and important uses of web forms in a website is the Contact Form in
which developers or site owners ask the relevant information from the user to contact them in terms
of sales or technical support.
Creating forms using DW:
Follow the steps below to create a contact form:
• Create a new HTML document and set the font to Calibri from the page properties panel.
• Enter the contact us text as a heading using H1 heading.
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• From the Insert option, click on Forms Tab and insert the form to let the HTML knows that this
is the form area. After clicking on this button, a red dashed line will appear to represent that this
is the form area, from this point onward we will be working inside the <form> tag.
• Create a table of 10 rows and 2 columns while setting its cell spacing to 4, border and padding to
0. Using a table to manage the forms elements is highly recommended for place management.
Recommended width 500px.
• On the left column, we will enter the title of information required such as name, address etc.
whereas on the right side we will enter the form elements.
• The first element we will insert is a text field. Click on this button and another will appear
with numerous information required:
o ID: information is used to program the form text field with
programming languages like PHP, JavaScript etc.
o Label: information is used to place the title along with form
element, but in this case, we are already using the table,
therefore, no need to fill in the label information and also
select the option of “No Label tag”.
o The access key is used to assign a specific hotkey to directly
shift the cursor focus by pressing Alt+“Access Key”.
o Tab Index is the sequence of cursor focus, if we enter 3 over here then the cursor will focus
this specific text field on the third press of the TAB key.
• Insert two text fields, the first one for name and the second one for a contact number.
• The next form element we will enter is List/Menu to create a drop-down list for selecting an
option from a list given. HTML tag for form list is <select> </select>.
• The number of list item can be inserted from List Values… button on the bottom from the
properties panel, click on the List Values… button and another window will appear, click on the +
icon to add the list menu items.
• The next form element is Radio buttons, the function of a radio button is to get one single
answer from the multiple choices given.
• The next form element is checkboxes, the function of checkboxes is to get multiple answers
from the multiple choices given.
• The next form element is the Text area. Text area works like a simple text field but it can
accommodate more words than a normal text field and its layout is like a paragraph.
• Buttons are the action element of form to submit or reset the form.
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Note: It is highly recommended to use an individual table to format the FORMS. We can create a
nested table inside a div or a main table’s cell, also known as nested tables.
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All About Cloud
What is a Computer Network?
A network, in computing, is a group of two or more devices that can
communicate. In practice, a network is comprised of several
different computer systems connected by physical and/or wireless
connections.
The scale can range from a single PC with some basic peripherals to
massive data centres located around the World, to the Internet
itself. Regardless of scope, all networks allow computers and/or
individuals to share information and resources.
Computer networks serve many purposes, some of which include:
• Communications such as file transfer, email, instant messaging, chat rooms, etc.
• Shared hardware such as printers and input devices.
• Shared data and information through the use of shared storage devices.
• Shared software, which is achieved by running applications on remote computers.
Network Topology and Type:
Network Topology is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various nodes
(sender and receiver) through lines of connection.
Star topology: All computers and
devices are connected to a
network switch and this is one of
the common topologies nowadays.
Bus topology: In this arrangement
computers and devices are
connected to a single linear cable
called a trunk.
Ring topology: computers and
devices are connected to a
closed-loop cable.
Types of area networks – LAN, MAN and WAN
The Network allows computers to connect and communicate with different computers via any
medium. LAN, MAN and WAN are the three major types of the network designed to operate over the
area they cover. There are some similarities and dissimilarities between them. One major difference
is the geographical area they cover, i.e. LAN covers the smallest area; MAN covers an area larger
than LAN and WAN comprises the largest of all.
There are other types of Computer Networks:
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LAN - Local Area Network is an interconnection of computers and
its related devices within a small geographical area or a building,
home, office, school, where the distance between the computers
is small.
Mostly the LANs are built to share vital resources such as printers
and exchanging files. LAN is also used in providing other services
such as sharing applications, games, files, accessing the Internet.
A speed of LAN is higher than WAN i.e. 1000 Mbps. Ownership of
this network is private and maintained by a single organization.
WAN - Wide Area Network is a computer network that covers
broad and large areas such as small towns and cities. The design
and maintenance are more difficult than LAN. Ownership of the
network can be private or public as well. WANs are very complex
to manage by private administrators and they usually have public
ownership.
WAN is a connection between multiple geographic locations
which is composed of multiple LAN’s. The best example of a WAN
is the Internet which connects many smaller LANs and MANs
through ISPs.
A speed of WAN is comparatively low than LAN i.e. 150 Mbps. It
ranges up to 10000 Km. WANs are more congested than LANs.
WANs have a lower data transfer rate compared to LANs.
4G Network:
4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G. Potential and
current applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-
definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and 3D television.
5G Network:
5G is the 5th generation of mobile networks, a significant evolution of today’s 4G LTE networks. 5G
has been designed to meet the very large growth in data and connectivity of today’s modern society,
the Internet of things with billions of connected devices, and tomorrow’s innovations. 5G will initially
operate in conjunction with existing 4G networks before evolving to fully standalone networks in
subsequent releases and coverage expansions.
How the Internet Works:
1. You either type an address (URL) into your "Address Bar" or click on a hyperlink.
2. Your browser sends a request to your ISP server asking for the page. When the browser
sends a request to the ISP the following information is transferred from user PC:
• Web Page Request • User ID
• IP Address
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3. The ISP server forwards the request to the country’s gateway. After receiving the user
request, the ISP transmits the following information to the country’s gateway:
• Web Page Request • User ID
• IP Address • ISP ID
4. The country gateway then searches a huge database of Internet addresses and finds the host
server which holds the required website, then sends that host server a request for the page.
The country gateway then transmits the following information to the centralized Internet
database.
• Web Page Request • User ID • IP Address
• ISP ID • Gateway ID
5. The host server sends the requested page back to the country gateway and similarly, the
country gateway sends the page back to the concerned ISP server.
6. Your ISP sends the page to your browser and you see it displayed on your screen.
Internet Functions:
The Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked together by telephone wires, satellite links
and other means. All computers on the Internet can be divided into two categories: servers and
browsers.
Servers are where most of the information on the Internet "lives". These are specialized computers
which store information, share information with other servers, and make this information available
to the general public.
ISP servers receive requests from browsers to view web pages, check email, etc. As each server
cannot hold all the information from the entire Internet, so in order to provide browsers with the
pages and files they ask for, ISP servers must connect to other Internet servers. This brings us to the
next common type of server: the "Host Server".
Communication Links:
The following communication links may be used to connect the ISP from a PC user:
1. Dialup connection
2. DSL Connection
3. Cable Net (Coaxial Cable)
4. Fibre-Optic
5. Satellite Links
Data and Network Security (WEP, WPA, WPA2)
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2), and Wi-Fi Protected Access 3
(WPA3) are three security protocols and security certification programs developed by the Wi-Fi
Alliance to secure wireless computer networks.
Different types of wireless security protocols were developed for home wireless networks
protection. Not only do the wireless security protocols prevent unwanted parties from connecting to
your wireless network, but also encrypt your private data sent over the airwaves.
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WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy
WEP was developed for wireless networks and approved as a Wi-Fi security standard in September
1999. WEP was supposed to offer the same security level as wired networks, however, there are a
lot of well-known security issues in WEP, which is also easy to break and hard to configure. Despite
all the work that has been done to improve the WEP system it still is a highly vulnerable solution.
WPA. Wi-Fi Protected Access:
For the time the 802.11i wireless security standard was in development, WPA was used as a
temporary security enhancement for WEP. One year before WEP was officially abandoned, WPA was
formally adopted. Most modern WPA applications use a pre-shared key (PSK), most often referred to
as WPA Personal, and the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) for encryption. WPA Enterprise
uses an authentication server for keys and certificates generation. Still, WPA2, WPA’s newest
version, is more secure and even better than WPA. WPA2 is the latest and strongest wireless security
and encryption standard. Almost all modern routers support it and you should definitely use this
option to protect your home network.
Digital Citizenship:
You probably have heard that it is important to be a good citizen. So, what would it mean to be a
good digital citizen? The word digital refers to any type of technology that you use.
• If you are a citizen, this means you belong to a group of people. So you could be a citizen of
your classroom or your neighbourhood.
• Being a digital citizen means you are a part of the group of people that use technology to
communicate.
• There are rules that you need to follow when you are a digital citizen, to protect yourself and
to protect others.
Personal Data:
Personal data, also known as personal information, personally identifying information (PII), or
Sensitive Personal Information (SPI) is any information relating to identifying a person.
Some examples of PII are:
• Names: Your full name, your maiden name, and your mother’s maiden name
• Personal ID numbers: NIC#, driver’s license#, passport#, patient ID#, taxpayer ID# etc
• Addresses: Your street address and email address
• Biometrics: Retina scans, fingerprints, facial geometry, or voice signatures
• Vehicle ID or title numbers
• Technology asset information: Media Access Control (MAC) or Internet Protocol (IP)
addresses that are tied to a certain individual
We must never give our name, address, telephone number or other personal data to strangers or
unknown websites to avoid identity theft or to protect our financials.
Intellectual Property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human
intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, the most well-known types are Copyright,
Patents, Trademarks, Industrial design rights, Plant variety rights etc.
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Intellectual Property Law is the area of law that deals with legal rights to creative works and
inventions. It controls who gets to use creations including new products, artistic works and designs.
The purpose of intellectual property law is to allow the people who create and invent things to profit
from their work. Lawmakers believe that it is fair for creators to profit from their own work product.
Software Licensing:
Software licenses typically provide end-users with the right to one or more copies of the software
without violating copyrights. The license also defines the responsibilities of the parties entering into
the license agreement and may impose restrictions on how the software can be used. Software
licensing terms and conditions usually include fair use of the software, the limitations of liability,
warranties and disclaimers and protections if the software or its use invades on the intellectual
property rights of others.
Freeware:
Freeware is software, most often proprietary, that is distributed at no financial cost to the end-user.
There is no agreed-upon set of rights, license, or EULA that defines freeware unambiguously; every
publisher defines its own rules for the freeware it offers. For instance, modification, redistribution by
third parties, and reverse engineering without the author's permission are permitted by some
publishers but prohibited by others. Unlike with free and open-source software, which are also often
distributed free of charge, the source code for freeware is typically not made available.
Shareware:
Shareware is a type of proprietary software which is initially provided free of charge to users, who
are allowed and encouraged to make and share copies of the program. Shareware is often offered as
a download from a website or as a compact disc included with a magazine. There are numerous
platforms which offer shareware like GitHub, Stack Overflow, Source Forge etc.
Cloud Storage:
Cloud storage is a model of computer data storage in which the digital data is stored in logical pools.
The physical storage spans multiple servers (sometimes in multiple locations), and the physical
environment is typically owned and managed by a hosting company. These cloud storage providers
are responsible for keeping the data available and accessible, and the physical environment
protected and running. People and organizations buy or lease storage capacity from the providers to
store user, organization, or application data. The widespread cloud services are Google Drive, One
Drive, DropBox, Media Fire, Mega.nz, pCloud, iCloud, Amazon Drive etc.
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Advantages of Cloud Storage
• Data safety – Your files are protected against physical disasters because they are stored in
multiple remote servers. This means that you don’t have to worry if your hard drive fails.
• Access your data from anywhere – No need to transfer files across your computers with USB
drives anymore.
• Sharing & collaboration – You can easily send a link to one of your files to all your friends and
they can download it. You can also share entire folders, which enables you to work
collaboratively on group projects via the Internet.
• Cost-Effective – Reduced Energy Costs, a significant portion of an organization's energy bill
stems from server power consumption and maintenance is reduced.
Disadvantages of Cloud Storage
• It needs an Internet connection – If you find that you urgently need to access your files and
don’t have an Internet connection or have a very slow one, then this could lead to delays.
• Security – If you don’t use strong passwords or if the cloud service is not secure enough, you
may face security issues.
• Unavailability risks – Although very rare, the cloud service may be temporarily unavailable,
perhaps when you most need it. Another slight risk is that the company offering the service
might go out of business and you may lose your data.
Google Drive:
The newest "Cloud-Based" storage system, Google
Drive allows users to store files on their servers,
synchronize files across devices, and share files. In
addition to a website, Google Drive offers apps with
offline capabilities for Windows and MacOS
computers, and Android and iOS smartphones and
tablets. Google Drive encompasses Google Docs,
Google Sheets, and Google Slides, which are a part of an office suite that permits collaborative
editing of documents, spreadsheets, presentations, drawings, forms, and more. Files created and
edited through the office suite are saved in Google Drive and can be downloaded to a device in
numerous formats especially which are compatible with Microsoft office.
Accessing Google Drive:
There are a few methods in which we can access Google Drive. The
easiest way is by using the Chrome browser. In Chrome, we click on a new
browser or a new tab, we will be presented with the following page. Just
click on the Google Drive logo and you will be directed to the Google drive
website.
If you do not have Chrome browser then you can access Google Drive by
entering the following URL on any browser, http://drive.google.com.
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All About Cloud Class 7
To use Google Drive, we are required to have a
Google account. If you already own a Google
account then just continue with signing in, for
those of us who have yet to create an account, we
will continue with signing up for Google account.
Gmail:
To access Google Drive, we need a Gmail address to access all Google products.
Gmail is a free email service developed by Google. Users can access Gmail on the web and using
third-party programs that synchronize email content through POP or IMAP protocols.
The service comes with 15 gigabytes of storage. Users can receive emails up to 50 megabytes in size,
including attachments, while they can send emails up to 25 megabytes. To send larger files, users
can insert files from Google Drive into the message. Gmail has a search-oriented interface and a
"conversation view" similar to an Internet forum.
Signing Up for Google account
On the Google Drive welcome page, there is a bright red button up on the
top right corner with the words “SIGN UP”, click on the button to create
your account. We should get the following page.
Just fill in the required information, note that all the information is required
except for the field “Mobile Phone” and “Your current email address”. Both
these fields will only be used for security purposes such as when you would
like to prove that you are the owner of the account.
There are cases where an account was hacked. To get the account back,
Google would ask you to verify that you are the owner by sending messages
or an email to the phone number and email address provided.
It is recommended that you fill in both these two fields but it does not have
to be filled during registration and you can always fill them up later.
Another important option is the link “I would like to use my current email
address”. By default, when you would like to get a Google account, Google
will provide us with a Google mail account (Gmail account). This is an email
account with the gmail.com domain at the end.
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All About Cloud Class 7
Once we have completed the form, please
make sure you tick on the checkbox with the
text: “I agree to the Google Terms of Service
and Privacy Policy” or you will not be able to
submit. Verify that all information is correct
and submit the form. We should get the
following page. Click on the “Back to Google
Docs” button to get started.
Introduction to Google Docs:
Google Docs is an online version of
Microsoft Word, PowerPoint and Excel.
In Google Docs they are called Google
Document, Spreadsheet and
Presentation.
After we complete our registration, we
will be directed to the following Google
Drive page:
In the above figure, we can see that Google Drive panel is divided into three parts. On the left is the
folder view which shows any files shared with us, starred files and recently modified files. At the top
is the menu bar which contains options such as creating new folders, sorting files, viewing options,
as well as settings. The centre is the area where files in the Drive will be displayed, but since we do
not have any files yet, this shows information about Google Drive.
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All About Cloud Class 7
Adding a File to Google Drive
Google has always intended to make its product
user friendly and therefore using Google Drive
and Google Docs is much easier than most cloud
storage solutions.
To add a file to Google Drive, click on the My
Drive button and choose the option to create a
new folder or to create any office document.
Whereas if you need to upload an existing file in
your google drive simply drag and drop the file in
that folder or root to begin your upload.
After uploading the file, we can also share that
file or data with anyone specific or can create a
public link to share without any restriction. To do
that right-click on the file and select share
option.
In sharing window there will be two procedure to share this file. We
can share this file to an individual by entering the email address of the
recipient or we can click on the option on the right top corner “Get
shareable link” to make a public link to share it with
anyone publicly.
After clicking on Shareable link, we will get a
window from we can copy the public link to this to
share it with any medium, such as email instant
messaging text message etc.
We can upload all sorts of data in Google Drive
and the files which are compatible with generic
office architecture can be edited as well.
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