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2013 수능 만점을 위한 약점공략 - 빈칸추론 정복하기!!

◤제1강◢ MAGIC
NOTE

WARM-UP

QUESTION
(2012 3월 27번, 오답률 71%)

The other day, while riding in an airplane flying at 30,000 feet, I
had a sudden realization. I knew nothing about the pilot, beyond the
sound of his voice. I couldn’t even remember his name because I had
not been paying close attention when he made his welcoming
announcement. Yet I was there, feeling comfortable and safe. I
realized that I was lacking a lot of other important information about
the situation I was in. Who were the mechanics that checked the
plane before it took off? Who had put in the fuel? Who had
performed the routine maintenance? Who were the air traffic
controllers that were watching the little spot on their tracking screens,
the little spot that contained my life and the lives of my fellow
passengers? The awareness of ____________________ really came
home to me.

① what impact air travel could have on us
② how many people overcame the fear of flying
③ how much trust we put in complete strangers
④ what great new ideas we got from traveling
⑤ how fast technology changed our lives

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01. (2010년 수능 26번, 오답률 90%)

So far as you are wholly concentrated on bringing about a certain

result, clearly the quicker and easier it is brought about, the better. MAGIC
NOTE
Your resolve to secure a sufficiency of food for yourself and your

family will induce you to spend weary days in tilling the ground and

tending livestock; but if Nature provided food and meat in abundance

ready for the table, you would thank Nature for sparing you much

labor and consider yourself so much the better off. An executed

purpose, in short, is a transaction in which the time and energy spent

on the execution are balanced against the resulting assets, and the

ideal case is one in which . Purpose, then,

justifies the efforts it exacts only conditionally, by their fruits. [3점]

① demand exceeds supply, resulting in greater returns
② life becomes fruitful with our endless pursuit of dreams
③ the time and energy are limitless and assets are abundant
④ Nature does not reward those who do not exert efforts
⑤ the former approximates to zero and the latter to infinity

02. (2010년 수능 28번, 오답률 82%)

Journeys are the midwives of thought. Few places are more

conducive to internal conversations than a moving plane, ship, or

train. There is an almost peculiar correlation between what is in front
외 of our eyes and the thoughts we are able to have in our heads: large

국 thoughts at times requiring large views, new thoughts new places.
어 Introspective reflections which are liable to stall are helped along by
︻ the flow of the landscape. The mind
when

영 thinking is all it is supposed to do. The task can be as paralyzing as
어 having to tell a joke or mimic an accent on demand. Thinking
︼ improves when parts of the mind are given other tasks, are charged

영 with listening to music or following a line of trees.
역

① may be reluctant to think properly
② may focus better on future thoughts
③ can become confused by multitasking
④ is likely to be paralyzed by fear of new tasks
⑤ can be distracted from what is before the eyes

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03. (2010년 수능 25번, 오답률 77%) MAGIC
One of the little understood paradoxes in communication is that NOTE

the more difficult the word, the shorter the explanation. The more
meaning you can pack into a single word, the fewer words are needed
to get the idea across. Big words are resented by persons who don’t
understand them and, of course, very often they are used to confuse
and impress rather than clarify. But this is not the fault of language;
it is the arrogance of the individual who misuses the tools of
communication. The best reason for acquiring a large vocabulary is
that . A genuinely educated person can express
himself tersely and trimly. For example, if you don’t know, or use, the
word ‘imbricate,’ you have to say to someone, ‘having the edges
overlapping in a regular arrangement like tiles on a roof, scales on a
fish, or sepals on a plant.’ More than 20 words to say what can be
said in one.

① it keeps you from being long-winded
② you can avoid critical misunderstandings
③ it enables you to hide your true intentions
④ it makes you express yourself more impressively
⑤ you can use an easy word instead of a difficult one

04. (2010년 수능 29번, 오답률 73%) 외
It is a fundamental mistake to imagine that when we see the 국
어
non-value in a value or the untruth in a truth, the value or the truth ︻
ceases to exist. It has only become relative. Everything human is 영
relative, because everything rests on an inner polarity; for everything 어
is a phenomenon of energy. Energy necessarily depends on a ︼
pre-existing polarity, without which there could be no energy. There 영
must always be high and low, hot and cold, etc. so that the 역
equilibrating process ― which is energy ― can take place. Therefore
the tendency to deny all previous values in favor of their opposites is
just . And in so far as it is a question of
rejecting universally accepted and indubitable values, the result is a
fatal loss. [3점]

① another way of pursuing relativeness in human affairs
② as desirable as the tendency to accept all those values
③ as much of an exaggeration as the earlier onesidedness
④ the one and only way of approaching the ultimate truth
⑤ to admit the presence of energy derived from an inner polarity

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◤제2강◢ MAGIC
NOTE

WARM-UP

QUESTION
(2012 3월 25번, 오답률 70%)

Psychologists have spent years trying to discover the answer to the
question, “What makes innovators different?” In one of the most
thorough examinations of the subject, Harvard researchers spent six
years and interviewed three thousand executives to find out. Their
conclusions are interesting, but the investigators could have saved
themselves a lot of time by simply asking Steve Jobs. According to
the Harvard research, the number one skill that separates innovators
from noncreative professionals is “associating”: the ability to
successfully connect seemingly unrelated questions, problems, or ideas
from different fields. “The more diverse our experience and knowledge,
the more connections the brain can make. Fresh inputs trigger new
associations; for some, these lead to _______________.”

외 ① novel ideas
국 ② scientific proofs
어 ③ moral lessons
︻ ④ cultural diversity
영 ⑤ mistaken conclusions
어
︼
영
역

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05. (2011년 3월 서울시 25번, 오답률 58%) MAGIC
A “pot-stirrer” is someone who brings up emotional issues that NOTE

have already been resolved. Pot-stirrers want to feed the emotional
fire and keep it burning for the excitement of the conflict. They can
be subtle; they often even appear to be the “helpful” friend or
“caring” listener. Let’s say you’ve just let go of a minor conflict with
your neighbor, when your other neighbor continues to bring up how
annoying this person is, encouraging you _________________. The
same applies at work. A coworker keeps reminding you that it was
you, not Gail, who really deserved the credit for that great idea. Every
time he or she says it, it upsets you and opens your wound again.

① to cooperate with your competitors
② to find the virtues of your neighbor
③ not to lose your inner peace of mind
④ to hold on to your irritation with the person
⑤ not to be involved in your neighbor’s business

06. (2011년 3월 서울시 26번, 오답률 67%) 외
Aristotle distinguished between essential and accidental properties. 국
어
Essential properties are those without which a thing wouldn’t be what ︻
it is, and accidental properties are those that determine how a thing 영
is, but not what it is. For example, Aristotle thought rationality was 어
essential to being a human being. Socrates’ rationality was essential to ︼
his being Socrates. On the other hand, Aristotle thought Socrates’ 영
property of being snub-nosed was merely accidental; being snub-nosed 역
was part of how Socrates was, but it wasn’t essential to what or who
he was. In other words, take away Socrates’ rationality, and
___________________, but give him plastic surgery, and he’s
Socrates with a nose job.

① he becomes freer
② it removes how he is
③ he’s no longer Socrates
④ it explains why he lives
⑤ his essential being remains

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07. (2011년 4월 경기도 27번, 오답률 71%) MAGIC
Leonardo’s famous painting the Mona Lisa in the Louvre museum NOTE

in Paris demands respect. We are expected to be in awe of the
original master and appreciate the art, the value and the historical
significance. Put a reproduction above your TV and the image at a
glance may appear remarkably similar to that of the original, except
that your wallpaper and your living room now surround it. The great
work of art is deprived of its presentation and its relationship with
the other great works of art it once shared its room with. The
expectations for us to look carefully with admiration and appreciation
are removed. The context in which we see an image makes a
significant difference to how we respond to the image. When we
present an image for discussion we must remember that we have
removed it from its original context. The original context is therefore
_____________ that should be recorded in your background work
or research. [3점]

① a possible substitute of study
② a false image of masterpieces
③ an original source of mistakes
④ a similar presentation of images
⑤ an important frame of reference

08. (2011년 4월 경기도 25번, 오답률 70%)

I think that, in general, there is too much respect paid to the

opinions of others, both in great matters and in small ones. Take, for
외 example, the matter of expenditure. Very many people spend money
국 in ways quite different from those that their natural tastes would
어 demand. They feel that the respect of their neighbors depends on
︻ their possession of a good car and their ability to give good dinners.
영 However, to be actually indifferent to __________________ is both
어 a strength and a source of happiness. A society composed of those
︼ who do not bow too much to the cheering crowd is far more
영 interesting and desirable than one in which all behave alike. People
역 should be natural, and should follow their spontaneous tastes in so

far as these are not definitely antisocial.

①the public opinion ②the natural flavor
③the antisocial attitude ④the consumer pressure
⑤the political correctness

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MAGIC
NOTE

◤제3강◢

WARM-UP 외
국
QUESTION 어
(2012 3월 28번, 오답률 61%) ︻
영
Our sense of smell is particularly vulnerable to outside influence. A 어
team of scientists at Oxford has shown that a simple word label can ︼
profoundly alter what we think our noses are telling us. When an 영
experimental subject is given odorless air to smell but told he is 역
smelling cheddar cheese, his olfactory areas light up in hungry
anticipation. But when the same air arrives with a “body-odor” label,
the subject unwittingly shuts down the smell areas of his brain.
Although the sensation hasn’t changed — it’s still just purified air —
the mind has completely revised its olfactory response. We
unknowingly deceive ourselves. In reality, our olfactory sensations
___________________________.

*olfactory: 후각의

① control our overall mood
② bring about old memories
③ keep us from enjoying food
④ are influenced by their context
⑤ compensate for the loss of sight

6

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09. (2011년 4월 경기도 28번, 오답률 61%) MAGIC
One of the most important factors that influences an organization’s NOTE

response to its external environment is its culture. Organization
culture is the set of important assumptions about the organization and
its goals and practices that members of the company share. In this
way, company’s culture provides a framework that organizes and
directs people’s behavior on the job. Thus, the culture of an
organization ____________________. For example, the way people
dress and behave, the way they interact with each other and with
customers, and the qualities that are likely to be valued by their
managers are usually quite different at a bank than they are at a
rock-music company, and different again at a law firm or an
advertising agency.

① becomes easily ignored by people
② aligns with the cooperative environment
③ promotes members’ loyalty to the group
④ shows variety depending on the workplace
⑤ influences the relationship between members

10. (2011년 6월 평가원 27번, 오답률 63%)
Some people believe that __________________ is some kind of

instinct, developed because it benefits our species in some way. At
first, this seems like a strange idea: Darwin’s theories of evolution
presume that individuals should act to preserve their own interests,
not those of the species as a whole. But the British evolutionary
외 biologist Richard Dawkins believes that natural selection has given us
국 the ability to feel pity for someone who is suffering. When humans
어 lived in small clan-based groups, a person in need would be a relative
︻ or someone who could pay you back a good turn later, so taking pity
영 on others could benefit you in the long run. Modern societies are
어 much less close-knit and when we see a heartfelt appeal for charity,
︼ chances are we may never even meet the person who is suffering —
영 but the emotion of pity is still in our genes. [3점]
역

① not wanting to suffer
② giving to charity
③ drawing pity from others
④ exploring alternatives
⑤ pursuing individual interests

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11. (2011년 6월 평가원 25번, 오답률 61%) MAGIC
Some people tend to be late as a general rule, whether they are NOTE

busy or not. To stop being late, all one has to do is change the
motivation by deciding that in all circumstances being on time is
going to have first priority over any other consideration. Presto! You
will never have to run for a plane or miss an appointment again. As
a lifelong latecomer, that is how I cured myself. Having made the
decision that __________ was now of major importance, I found
that answers came automatically to such questions as “Can I squeeze
in one more errand before the dentist?” or “Do I have to leave for
the airport now?” The answers are always no, and yes. Choosing to be
on time will make your life enormously easier, and that of your
family, friends, and colleagues as well.

① harmony ② precision ③ promptness
④ consistency ⑤ thriftiness

12. (2011년 9월 평가원 28번, 오답률 77%) 외
The essence of science is to uncover patterns and regularities in 국
어
nature by finding algorithmic compressions of observations. But the ︻
raw data of observation rarely exhibit explicit regularities. Instead we 영
find that nature’s order is hidden from us, it is written in code. To 어
make progress in science we need to crack the cosmic code, to dig ︼
beneath the raw data and uncover the hidden order. I often liken 영
fundamental science to doing a crossword puzzle. Experiment and 역
observation provide us with clues, but the clues are cryptic, and
require some considerable ingenuity to solve. With each new solution,
__________________. As with a crossword, so with the physical
universe, we find that the solutions to independent clues link together
in a consistent and supportive way to form a coherent unity, so that
the more clues we solve, the easier we find it to fill in the missing
features. [3점]

* cryptic: 비밀스러운
① the depth of scientific experiments keeps us in awe
② we glimpse a bit more of the overall pattern of nature
③ the code-breaking process becomes increasingly mysterious
④ the regularity of nature is revealed in its entirety to the observer
⑤ we crack the cosmic codes one by one, replacing an old solution

with the new one

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◤제4강◢ MAGIC
NOTE

WARM-UP

QUESTION
(2012년 4월 26번, 오답률 69%)

Although keeping your aims to yourself helps ease the fear of
failure, it also makes it easy to avoid changing your life and drift
back into old habits and routines. This is in keeping with several key
findings from psychology. People are more likely to stick to their
views and promises if they have made a public commitment. In one
classic study, students were asked to estimate the length of some lines
that had been drawn on a pad, and either make a public
announcement about their judgements, or keep the estimates to
themselves. When the participants were informed that their estimates
might be wrong, those who ______________ were far more likely
to stand by their opinion than those who had not told anyone.

① had gone public
외
국 ② kept their words

③ were against others
어

④ believed in themselves
︻

⑤ had gained clear proof
영
어
︼
영
역

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13. (2011년 9월 평가원 27번, 오답률 74%) MAGIC
_____________________________ is aggravated by the NOTE

overabundance of information at our disposal. While this is obvious
enough in some realms ― for example, consider how much information
is potentially relevant for estimating the value of Microsoft stock ―
even when the information set seems less cluttered, information
overload, a state of confusion and decision avoidance, can still occur.
In one experiment, shoppers in a supermarket were presented with
free samples of jams and jellies. In the first treatment, a small
selection was available for tasting; in the second, a large selection was
available. While everyone likes the idea of abundant choice, and indeed
the table with the greater selection attracted larger crowds, it was the
table with fewer samples that led to the most sales. The likely reason
is that the large selection led to information overload, the feeling that
the decision was too complicated for immediate action.

① Difficulty in assessing information
② The shortage of trustworthy informants
③ Mental fatigue caused by misleading information
④ Indeterminacy arising from indirect information
⑤ The complexity of altering consumer behavior

14. (2011년 9월 평가원 25번, 오답률 72%) 외
__________________________. If I assign fifty students a 국
어
five-page essay on the subject of why the Roman Empire fell, most of ︻
them are likely to say it was a combination of economic and social 영
causes ultimately leading to a weakening of the frontiers. This would 어
be a fine answer, but after reading forty-five papers all saying the ︼
same thing, I’m ready for a change. If you can take a different angle 영
from the rest of the class in a paper, you’re more likely to impress 역
your professors. But here’s the tricky part ― being different is risky,
and it only works if you back up your argument very well. If you
choose to argue that Rome fell solely because Christianity weakened
the fighting spirit of the Romans, you will need persuasive reasoning
and arguments against any potential objections.

① Variety is the spice of life
② The essence of writing is in its brevity
③ Don’t fix what is not broken
④ The pen is mightier than the sword
⑤ Rome was not built in a day

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15. (2011년 9월 평가원 26번, 오답률 63%) MAGIC
Consumers of different age groups obviously have very different NOTE

needs and wants. Although people who belong to the same age group
differ in many other ways, they do tend to share a set of values and
common cultural experiences that they carry throughout life. In some
cases, marketers initially develop a product to attract one age group
and then try to ____________________. That is what the
high-octane energy drink Reddox does. The company aggressively
introduced it in bars, nightclubs, and gyms to the product’s core
audience of young people. Over time, it became popular in other
contexts, and the company began to sponsor the PGA European Tour
to expand its reach to older golfers. It also hands out free cans to
commuters, cab drivers, and car rental agencies to promote the drink
as a way to stay alert on the road. [3점]

① raise its retail price
② broaden its appeal later on
③ upgrade it for other age groups
④ increase demand by limiting supply
⑤ create a positive image via the mass media

16. (2011년 10월 서울시 28번, 오답률 69%)

A researcher carried out a series of tasks in full view of
twenty‑four toddlers — stacking books or hanging towels with

clothespins. Occasionally he struggled with the task, dropping the

clothespins or knocking over the books. Every one of the toddlers
외 crawled over to help him pick up the pins or books, but only in those
국 instances where his facial and bodily gestures suggested he needed
어 assistance. He said that the babies didn’t offer their help when he
︻ purposely dropped a book from the stack or tossed a clothespin on
영 the floor. He was careful not to acknowledge the help with a thank
어 you, in order not to encourage the toddlers to perform in return for
︼ praise. He found that when he clearly needed help, the babies
영 ___________________.
역

① became quieter than usual
② cried to call for others’ help
③ stimulated him to show them his love
④ didn’t seem to care as much as adults
⑤ showed a keen sensitivity to his plight

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◤제5강◢ MAGIC
NOTE

WARM-UP 외
국
QUESTION 어
(2012년 4월 29번, 오답률 64%) ︻
영
To understand the difficulty of predicting the next 100 years, we 어
have to appreciate the difficulty that the people of 1900 had in ︼
predicting the world of 2000. In 1893, as part of the World’s 영
Columbian Exposition in Chicago, seventy-four well-known individuals 역
were asked to predict what life would be like in the next 100 years.
The one problem was that they ______________________. For
example, many correctly predicted that we would one day have
commercial transatlantic airships, but they thought that they would be
balloons. Senator John J. Ingalls said, “It will be as common for the
citizen to call for his dirigible balloon as it now is for his buggy.”
They also consistently missed the coming of the automobile.
Postmaster General John Wanamaker stated that the U.S. mail would
be delivered by stagecoach and horseback, even 100 years into the
future.

* buggy: (말 한 필이 끄는) 마차

① underestimated the rate of progress of science
② overly depended on high-technology machines
③ tended to indulge in dreams ahead of their time
④ preferred air transportation to land transportation
⑤ put emphasis on the commercial aspect of science

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17. (2011년 7월 인천시 29번, 오답률 62%) MAGIC
Experts in education recommend that teachers ______________. NOTE

The position of the teacher carries with it an authority that might
influence some students to accept the teacher’s opinion without
question ― thus missing the point of the activity. There also is a
danger that the discussion could develop into an indoctrination of a
particular value position rather than an exploration of several
positions. If your students ask what you think, respond with “My
personal opinion is not important here. We want to consider your
views.” Make sure you consider alternative points of view, so that
your students are able to define the relevant arguments and counter
arguments. Allow students to freely express their own perspectives.

① offer students equal time to express their opinions
② withhold their personal opinions in classroom discussions
③ encourage students to reach a reasonable agreement
④ praise students who give a creative argument
⑤ teach students the difference between right and wrong

18. (2011년 7월 인천시 26번, 오답률 60%)
New research into deafness has revealed that the parts of the brain

usually used for hearing do not go unused just because a person
cannot hear. Instead, those parts of the brain are put to use in other
ways. Researchers from Canada developed the theory that the brain
_______________, and then tested it out on deaf cats. They
외 discovered that the area of the brain usually used for peripheral
국 hearing was instead used to improve peripheral vision. The tests
어 included flashing lights at the very edge of the cats’ normal vision.
︻ They discovered that the part of the deaf cats’ brain that allowed
영 them to detect the lights was the same part that allowed them to
어 detect peripheral sounds. “The brain is very efficient and doesn’t let
︼ space go to waste,” said Dr. Stephen Lomber, who led the research
영 project.
역

① reacts to sight and sound respectively
② controls excessive responses to stimuli
③ shuts down its unused areas completely
④ filters out unnecessary sounds effectively
⑤ compensates for absent senses with enhancement

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19. (2011년 11월 대수능 30번, 오답률 72%) MAGIC
Often in social scientific practice, even where evidence is used, it is NOTE

not used in the correct way for adequate scientific testing. In much of
social science, evidence is used only to affirm a particular theory ― to
search for the positive instances that uphold it. But these are easy to
find and lead to the familiar dilemma in the social sciences where we
have two conflicting theories, each of which can claim positive
empirical evidence in its support but which come to opposite
conclusions. How should we decide between them? Here the scientific
use of evidence may help. For what is distinctive about science is the
search for negative instances ― the search for ways to falsify a theory,
rather than to confirm it. The real power of scientific testability is
negative, not positive. Testing allows us not merely to confirm our
theories but to ______________________________. [3점]

① ignore the evidence against them
② falsify them by using positive empirical evidence
③ intensify the argument between conflicting theories
④ weed out those that do not fit the evidence
⑤ reject those that lack negative instances

20. (2011년 11월 대수능 26번, 오답률 56%) 외
Interestingly, people are more overconfident when they feel like 국
어
they have control of the outcome ― even when this is clearly not the ︻
case. For example, it is documented that if people are asked to bet on 영
whether a coin toss is heads or tails, most bet larger amounts if the 어
coin is yet to be tossed. If the coin is tossed and the outcome is ︼
concealed, people will offer lower amounts when asked for bets. 영
People act as if ___________________________________. In 역
this case, control of the outcome is clearly an illusion. This perception
occurs in investing, as well. Even without information, people believe
the stocks they own will perform better than stocks they do not own.
However, ownership of a stock only gives the illusion of having
control of the performance of the stock. [3점]

① the amount of the bet will influence the outcome
② their involvement will somehow affect the outcome of the toss
③ there is a parallel between a coin toss and stock investments
④ their illusion will not disappear even after the coin is tossed
⑤ they can predict the outcome with credible information

14

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