UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA KAMPUS SERI ISKANDAR, PERAK

TS-ITLUUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA NIDLIUB
KAMPUS SERI ISKANDAR, PERAK,
DEPARTMENT OF STUDIES IN QUANTITY SURVEYING
DEPARTMENT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT STUDIES AND TECHNOLOGY

OREY


SMART

M
G




BQS 554

BUILDING SERVICES II

AP224 4D

SITI MUNIRAH BINTI NURSUHANIS BINTI NUR FAZLIN BINTI
MUSTAAFA BAHADUN SAMSUDDIN
2021813536
2021832868 2021492264

NUR AIMUNI BINTI NOR SUHADA BINTI NUR ASHA NAJWA
AZMI ZULKIFLI BINTI MOHD ROSLI

2021482908 2021482996 2021483434

Table of Content 01 Introduction
Fire Protection System 02

03 Mechanical Ventilation
Special Services 04

05 Mechanical Handling System

Telecommunication System 06
07 Case Study

Conclusion 08
08 References

INTRODUCTION

The concept of a smart building, according to the
Regional and Interdepartmental Department of the
Environment and Energy, is the incorporation of
active and passive energy management
techniques. The latter seek to maximise
consumption while simultaneously enhancing the
safety and comfort of building occupants and
adhering to current rules.

Any structure that uses automated procedures to
automatically operate the building's systems for
lighting, security, heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning is considered a smart building. A smart
building employs sensors, actuators, and microchips
to gather data and manage it in accordance with the
operations and services of a business. By enhancing
asset performance and reliability, building owners,
operators, and facility managers can use less energy,
make the most use of available space, and have less
of an impact on the environment.

Advantages of smart building are include
sustainability, increased production, and
energy savings. Smart building techniques
can lower energy costs, boost facility staff
productivity, enhance building operations,
promote environmental initiatives, and
improve organisational decision-making.

Fire
Protection

System

Application Smoke
Alarm Detectors

On 2020, there were 118 cases of
death due to fire were reported to
Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat
Malaysia (JPBM) (Noor Atiqah
Sulaiman, 2021). The amount of
death in that 2020 were decreasing
by 2.5 percent compared to year
2019 before due to the community
service program conducted by JPBM
to enhance their knowledge and
awareness regarding the fire safety
and fire cover.

The objective of this program are The outline for this program is to
ensure the safe environment, safety practices to the community and
culture, inclusive strategic cooperation as well as strengthening the
capacity and capability of JBPM.

Fire protection system is one of the mandatory services in every type of
building in order to fulfil the authority regulation. In this technology and
modern era, there are many types of intelligence fire protection system

and had been widely use
in this country. Smart
firefighting technology
which will most likely
become a future
development trend for
intelligent fire prevention
(Intelligent Fire Alarms by
Reliable Fire, 2018).

Intelligence Smoke System
Alarm Detectors

Smart devices may be able to help you
avoid or detect a fire in your home
averting even more serious damage
by warning you sooner. While
conventional smoke detectors are
designed to alert people in the house
in the event of a fire, there are several
of new innovation of intelligence
smoke detector that will send alerts
via mobile phone. Smoke detectors
are one of your first lines of defense's
in the event of a fire. A smoke
detector is fire protection appliances
that will detects the smoke primary
indication of fire. When smoke or fire
is detected, they sound an alarm to
give inhabitants as much time as
possible to flee in the case of a home fire carbon monoxide detection is included in most
smart smoke detectors. If the smart smoke detector is linked to your home automation
system, it may leverage the smart home's sensors and capabilities to detect light or heat even
faster.

There are 2 types of sensors used in intelligence smart detectors which is ionized sensors and
photoelectric sensor. These types of sensors are same for both conventional type of smoke
detectors and intelligence smoke detectors (Null, 2022). As for ionized smoke sensor, it will
respond faster to the smoke cause by flaming fires than photoelectric sensors. In the other
hand, photoelectric sensors will give a fast respond to the smoke due to smouldering fires.

How it The intelligence smoke detector will have to connected
works? to Wi-Fi in the building. Once it triggered by smoke
caused by fire of it will send a signal to the gadget
connected to the smoke alarms. This intelligence
smoke detector will alert you by sending signal to all
the gadget connected to it. In this situation, user will
be notified quickly and can take fast action to avoid
any serious damage to their property.

Installation Intelligence
Process Smoke Alarm

Detectors

Check the installation requirement - in order to
install the intelligence smoke detector at the
building, it must have Wi-Fi network at the building
and must be connected to the owner's gadget such
as mobile phones and tablet or other gadget that
can receive the alarm from the smoke detector. The
intelligence smoke detector will detected the smoke
in the building even the Wi-Fi connection is
configured. As for the installation process, choosing
the suitable type and determine the area dor
installation of smoke detector are vital to ensure
that the smoke detector can detect the smoke from
the coverage area.

First thing for users needs to do is choose the intelligence smoke detectors that have been
approved by SMM. This step is important to avoid any short circuit due to the smoke detector
itself. Next, the owner of the property need to determine the suitable place to install the
smoke detectors based on the authority regulation. As for the commercial building, there are
regulation of installation of smoke detectors on the maximum distance for area coverage of
the building.

Smoke detectors shall be mounted on
every floor, at hall way, office, storage area,
bathroom, stairways, indoor car parking
area and any other room where a fire could
start. It can be mounted at the ceiling or at
the wall of the area. According to National
Fire protection Association (NFPA) the
minimal requirement area coverage for a
smoke detector in commercial building is
21 square feet. The smoke detector must
be installed in minimum 4 inches or 101.6
mm from the corner junction of ceiling and
wall or also known as the dead air space
area for both vertical or horizontal
installation. Dead air space area is the area
where the smoke will note enter as it is
unventilated air space where the air is lack
of circulation.

Intelligence Smoke Benefits
Alarm Detectors

1. Precise Fire Detection

It can detect smoke at the precise zone and location
cause by fire. For the example, the fire causes at the
indoor carpark, so the smoke detector will gives the
alarm to the owners of the building and show the
location causes the fire.

2. Detect Fire Faster

Intelligence smoke detector can detect fire faster than
conventional smoke detector. This smoke detector go a
step further by detecting the area which have accesive
smoke.

3. Notification and Alert services

Smart detector have 24/7 monitoring system as it use
electrical circuit for installation and it not depending
on batteries. If there is any incident cause by fire,
there will notify the owner of the property through
devices an the owner can take early steps to prevent
the fire from spreading to another area.

Problems Intelligence Smoke
Alarm Detectors

A Wifi-Dependant

Loss of internet and unstable networks will
make the intelligent smoke detectors unable to
send any alarms of signal to the owners. This
situation can be happens in any types of any
natural disasters and incidents which can
distrupt the Wi-Fi connection.

Pricy Devices

The smart smoke detector system usually
offered the higher price for the device as it is
required a lot of tools and device to make it
work in a good condition. Smart devices not
only offered the device to the owner, but with
the software and the difficulty of wiring system
which make the price of the device higher than
the conventional device.

Programming Difficulty

When it comes with artificial intelligent devices,
it may required to have any update of the
software from times to time. As for the
intelligent smoke detector, the users might have
to update the software in their devices in order
to make the smoke detectors works well and to
allow the software to send the alert notifications
if there is any fire happen.

MECHANICAL
VENTILATION

The use of operable windows for natural ventilation is not a realistic solution when the
building is situated in noisy or bad air quality locations, leaving mechanical ventilation as
the sole choice. It is important to note that because mechanically assisted ventilation
allows the units to be securely secured, security concerns may also influence its deployment
in many buildings.



SMART VENTILATION SYSTEM

We've seen more and more over the past ten years how smart technology can automate,
integrate, and link various elements of our lives for a more easy experience, from how we
work and travel to how we play and exercise. However, we can really appreciate the
potential of artificial intelligence when it is used in architectural design. In a smart
building, important elements like temperature, air quality, lighting, and security may all be
automatically maintained via a network of sensors, actuators, and controls. This reactive
strategy prevents the building from staying a static structure and enables it to continuously
adapt to match the ever-changing needs of its users, optimising energy use while
supplying healthy and happy places that promote people and company success.

WHY USE SMART VENTILATION SYSTEM?

For both building owners and operators and tenants, integrating this technology into
ventilation systems has clear advantages. Smart ventilation systems can better support
occupant health in addition to maintaining a consistently comfortable internal
environment by responding to daily variations in temperature and air quality inside and
outside the building. Microscopic particles, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), moisture, dust,
aerosols, bacteria, allergies, or airborne viruses, that can build during occupancy are to
blame for a number of health problems related to indoor air quality. Therefore, it is
possible to assure healthier indoor conditions by utilising a system that automatically
checks and responds to the levels of these invisible contaminants. Additionally, by only
using the most effective ventilation techniques when and where necessary, these systems
can significantly reduce energy use.

COMPONENT AND NODES IN SMART VENTILATION SYSTEM

HOW DOES IT WORK?

1. Sensor
Key aspects of interior air quality, such as indoor/outdoor temperature, CO2 levels, humidity,
and external weather conditions, are monitored by a network of sensors strategically positioned
throughout the structure. The control panel, which is often a component of the building
management system, receives this information (BMS). A few smart control systems can provide
building owners, operators, and occupants with information about the indoor air quality, the
building's operational energy consumption, and even if any system errors or filter replacements
are required. Occupancy sensors can also help to prevent unnecessarily ventilating an empty
room.
2. Treatment
The control panel "treats" the information that the sensors supply. The system must choose what
course of action to take if the levels observed are outside the setup's predefined parameters. The
system frequently has to respond to multiple inputs at once, choosing the best strategy to
handle them all holistically. In hybrid or mixed-mode systems, these controls are especially
crucial since they enable one system to take over from another depending on the situation.
Control systems can be set up to use various ventilation techniques depending on the time of
day, such as night cooling/purge techniques in the summer. Some systems can even be
controlled remotely, giving building operators more control when they are off-site.
3. Action
The system's course of action will rely on the element or problems it has to address. For instance,
the system will cause the windows or rooflights to open utilising motors or fans if the
temperature or humidity levels are too high. Some intelligent ventilation systems can be set up
to control the direction of the air, using it to increase or decrease ventilation. For instance, if the
wind is blowing in one direction across a building, it can open the best ventilators to let the air
flow through the area efficiently. However, if the weather is bad outside or the room is
excessively cold, it might only decide to open the ventilators that are shielded from the wind to
avoid draughts.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO ALSO INCLUDE MANUAL CONTROLS?

While an automated system is advantageous because it provides total input-free control
over energy demand and internal conditions, complete automation is poor design. Due to a
variety of elements, including metabolic heat and clothing, some of which cannot be
controlled by the environment, everyone experiences thermal comfort differently.
Additionally, psychological research has shown that we feel happier if we think we have
greater control over our daily lives, including our surroundings. Therefore, it is crucial that
designers provide building occupants with the means to modify their immediate
surroundings in accordance with their demands. It should be possible for users to override
an automatic system by giving them access to the control panel or the capacity to manually
open windows, skylights, or louvres. They should be taught how to use the ventilation
strategies, though, to avoid aggravating existing ventilation problems or squandering
energy, such as by closing windows when utilising a mechanical system. smart ventilation
system (SVS) uses energy in a self-sufficient, intelligent, and effective manner. Our
expenditures are reduced, the air is kept fresh, and manual management is no longer
necessary. After obtaining real-time readings of occupancy, air quality, and exterior
temperature from its numerous sensors, it can instantly modify our HVAC.

INSTALLATION OF SMART VENTILATION SYSTEM

1. Smart Vent Hub or Bridge
The majority of brands will first need a direct connection to the router or modem in the
building. This will provide a continual internet connection and assist in sending a strong
signal to vents wherever they may be located all through the structure. Next, a step-by-step
setup wizard will be executed by the majority of brands through a smartphone app. In order
to submit an activation code, this can call for a Wi-Fi connection and most likely access to
email or text messages.

2. Installation of Smart Vents
For each vent that is constructed throughout the building, these steps will be repeated. The
screws holding the vent cover to the floor or ceiling should be removed. Turn on the ready-
to-install smart vent after replacing the outdated vent cover with the new one. Most vents
will have a yellow or green light to show that they are functioning.

3. Pairing Smart Vents
Follow the connecting instructions using the app that the maker of the smart vent has given.
The majority of the time, this entails setting up particular rooms that correspond to where
smart vents are located across your building and pairing each vent with the proper room. To
avoid becoming confused about which signal is coming from which space, pair one smart
vent at a time. We can now specify any variables and give the occupied places priority
airflow using the app. Additionally, rooms that are not in use or are empty for a significant
portion of the day might have their ventilation automatically shut off.

BENEFITS OF SMART VENTILATION SYSTEM

Occupancy-based Throttle Control
Ventilation is unnecessary in a deserted structure. Maximum ventilation is required in a crowded
building. Multiple ventilation settings are required throughout the day in a facility whose
occupancy varies substantially. In the past, operators had to manually find and correct these
(sometimes subtle) changes. These days, automated, occupancy-based throttle control is
performed by smart ventilation systems. The sensors give information to the controller, which turns
on and off the ventilation as needed, as soon as they notice more individuals in any area of the
building.

Weather-forecast-based Climate Adjustment
Based on the weather forecast, smart ventilation systems can optimise the building's climate. Let's
assume that tomorrow will be among the warmest days of the summer. The SVS will become aware
of this the previous evening and begin cooling the structure before dawn. An SVS can adapt to any
weather, whether it be sunny, cloudy, dry, wet, windy, snowy, or humid.

Energy savings
The overall energy consumption of your building will be significantly reduced by a smart ventilation
system. As soon as the building is empty, it will turn off your HVAC system. It will always use the
least amount of energy possible. It may switch between ventilation settings as frequently per hour
or per day as necessary because its sensors detect changes in real-time.

Reduces CO2
Nearly 39% of the world's CO2 emissions come from old buildings. That amount is really high.
Their excessive energy use is the main cause of this. Their outdated HVAC systems don't have a
method to switch the ventilation on or off automatically based on occupancy, the weather, or any
other circumstance. There is nothing stopping the HVAC from attempting to cool down an empty
building if you forget to switch off the ventilation before leaving for the weekend.

Remote Control
The ability to control an SVS remotely might be one of its coolest features. What if you neglected to
switch off the HVAC system before leaving for the weekend? To get started, simply log in to the
administrator dashboard. You can manually override the HVAC settings via remote control from
anywhere.

Real-time Monitoring
The energy use of your building is made visible and predictable by smart ventilation systems. You
may forecast your future use in addition to visualising your past and present energy usage details.
This can aid in creating a budget and locating further opportunities for savings.



CLOSED-CIRCUIT TV

The installation of CCTV is now a APPLICATION
must for every building. Even though
a facility has a lot of security
employees, mistakes can still be
made by humans. The greatest
strategy to protect the area around
buildings from potential risks is to
use CCTV. CCTV it is more widely
known, is used for security cameras.
Unlike to normal TV, which is
broadcast to the public, closed-circuit
TV transmits broadcasts typically to
a small (closed) number of monitors.
Although CCTV networks are
frequently used to identify and
prevent criminal activity, as well as to
record traffic violations, cameras
have further applications.

Additionally, CCTV can capture proof if anything were to happen in the
building. Consider instances of employee theft. With extra CCTV
camera evidence that helps identify times, places, and most
importantly suspects, crimes can be solved much more quickly. The
model of surveillance systems significantly raises the level of security
in the monitored area by giving security teams important information
they may use to react quickly to threats or incidents (Elamin et al.)
In addition to criminal cases, one of the issues linked with CCTV is
disaster, which helps the emergency and rescue all the workers on the
building by measuring and evaluating the CCTV. Aside from that,
CCTV can be used in hospitals to monitor the condition of patients
and help doctors and nurses.

TYPE OF C
CTV SYSTEM

CCTV will operate according to the type of system that is suitable for
installation. But the procedure remains the same. Every CCTV system consists
of a single camera, recorder, and monitor. And CCTV can be adjusted up or
down depending on what they want to record. For example, building entrances
must be recorded in up view to see who enters and exits the building. The
CCTV system will then work through the camera to acquire or record video,
which will subsequently be transmitted to the display by cable or wirelessly.
Nowadays, CCTV has a 360-degree system that allows it to record all around
the area without having to adjust up and down. Night vision, thermal imaging,
and number plate recognition are just a few of the features that may be found
on different CCTV system types with different cameras




WIRED SECURITY CAMERA ANALOG IP (INTERNET PROTOCOL)

CAMERAS CAMERAS

Wired security cameras It is considerably less IP cameras are digital video

provide video and audio expensive than IP cameras, cameras that can

signals to a central hub especially as the variety of communicate over an IP

through a wire. A camera systems develops. network. For recording and

hardwired cable supplies It is simple to discover an video/alarm monitoring,

power to connected installer at a reasonable certain IP cameras require
security cameras. Wireless price. cover less area the assistance of a network
hacking of home systems captures images, records video recorder (NVR).
is not impossible, however them, and transfers them as Someone else can record
wire lengths must be neat analogue signals to a digital directly to a remote or local
video recorder through a storage media without the
and hidden.

cable connection. use of an NVR.

INSTALLA
TION

Before the installation procedure commences, it is critical to choose the kind of CCTV
that will benefit the building. The first stage is to plan, which includes selecting the best
locations for the camera to capture and considering the length of wire. The camera is
usually placed in a space corner.

Then, position the camera in the corner of the room or area, but make sure to mark
the location where the drilling will occur. Then drill the holes in the indicated
locations and hammer in the screw mouldings. Then firmly screw the camera into
position. Insert the camera's power wire into a socket. The DVR is then placed in a
location that is hidden from the general public. The DVR will then record all of the
video captured by the camera. However, the DVR must be placed in a safe box and
locked to ensure the management's safety. Next, manage all of the cables from the
camera to the DVR. The best option is to use wire mouldings to keep the wire
organized and safe. A BNC socket connects the video cable. Remove
approximately 1.5cm of the video cable's outer covering, exposing the braiding.
Slide the crimping barrel onto the cable with the larger diameter facing the end.
Remove the white insulation that has been covering the inner cable. Now tighten
the crimping barrel onto the exposed cables and insert them into the BNC socket.
This creates a safe connection. Connect the DVR output connector to the screen
that will be receiving the video feed. Begin by turning on the cameras, then the
display and the DVR. Set up the DVR in accordance with the user manual that came
with it. Examine each camera's signal to ensure that each camera is operational
and giving the appropriate viewing angle.

PRO
S vs CO
NS

REDUCE CRIMINAL ACTIVITY WIRED SYSTEMS

This is the most clear and well-known Because the CCTV must be
advantage for those who choose to connected to a socket, a specific
install CCTV systems on their building. location is required. purchasing
CCTV cameras are an effective longer wire at a cost to install
prevention for criminals in addition to CCTV
being able to monitor the surroundings.

REDUCE THE POSSIBILITY OF LIMITATIONS
VANDALISM

Building owners can identify vandals Criminal activity can occur at any
using CCTV because it occurs in time or place. The limitation of the
buildings. CCTV system is that not all areas
can be recorded. Additionally, the
PEACE OF MIND crime may break the CCTV camera.

Due to the area's high level of security, HACKING
CCTV makes individuals feel
comfortable. People will think that since CCTV footage is the one thing that
there are CCTV cameras, crimes won't must be private, but hacking is the
occur. problem that constantly arises.
Hackers will record the issue video
MONITOR ENVIRONMENTS AND using CCTV. Hackers cannot be
ACTIVITIES totally kept out of public security
systems. Hackers can virtually
For instance, CCTV helps in the function access the system from outside
of buildings by estimating the number of locations because it is connected to
visitors. Most buildings have access a network.
restrictions when COVID-19 occurs, and
by using CCTV, management can identify
those trying to enter the building from the
outside.

SPACE IMPL
ICATIONS

At the entrances of a commercial building, CCTV cameras can be placed to
record people entering and leaving the building. Additionally, it assists
management in estimating how many people enter the building. Near the
entrances, CCTV must be placed.
Adequate parking must also be considered when designing commercial

structures. It guarantees the safety of all vehicle occupant
s and allows them to

go from the upper level to the parking lot without incident.
After meeting an employee, individuals frequently walk through or pass by
corridors. CCTV footage from the hallway might be used as evidence in the case
of an accident.
Although not many people use the stairs, it is thought that this area is a favorite
haunt of criminals who will do anything to victims.
To catch any individuals or criminals who enter the CCTV room after
committing a crime, the CCTV area is essential.
To spot any people stuck within the elevator or any crimes that take place inside
the lift, CCTV should be put there as well.

CCTV CONN
ECTION

WIRED WIRELESS WIRE-FREE


Wired cameras have a wire Despite connecting Cameras with no cables
don't use any at all. It
that connects to a power wirelessly to the internet upload video to the cloud
or a local storage disc
source and the internet network, wireless cameras using rechargeable or
replaceable batteries.
network. For a larger still require a power cable.

property or a commercial These cameras send video

building looking for greater to the internet or a local

security options, a wired hard disc for storage. For a

system would be small office or home setup

appropriate. seeking for basic

coverage, a wireless

system would be ideal.

PRINCIPLES A
ND SYSTEMS

CAMERA
A camera is necessary to take or
record any photo or video. All
footage captured by the camera
will be displayed on a monitor.
Choose the best camera with the
best lens so that can see
everything well, even at night.

MONITORING STATION
The monitoring station has a designated area or room where it can only be viewed
using a screen monitor that is linked to the camera. The choice of monitor, as well
as its size and positioning, are important. If the image is the wrong size or
position, it will be hard and unpleasant to use; at worst, it may be too small to
distinguish details or too huge, making the photos that are presented look grainy
and low-quality.

LIGHTING
The relationship between brightness and reflection determines the camera's
responsiveness. The resonance frequency of the camera is related with
frequency. Every light's placement should be chosen in relation to the desired
viewing area

DATA STORAGE

A security camera system's storage unit should be able to continuously capture,
store, and replay videos from several sources.

BUILDING RE
GULATIONS




CCTV security must be installed in every building. Owner of building is
required to follow the main laws. The building owner is required to work
with the authorities, including the police, to refer the CCTV captured if
something were to happen on the building. Put up a sign to inform people
that a CCTV system is in operation. The management must be able to
show any images and prove that the CCTV system works consistently once
a month.

Mechanical

Handling System

LIFT

APPLICATION

There have been a lot of developments in recent years in a variety of fields,
including manufacturing, technology, and even software. In every industry, they
have made a substantial contribution to advancement. You summon a metal
box that safely transfers you from one floor to another by touching a switch or
button. In reality, lifts are a must for structures with four or five levels or higher.
Lifts provide comforts and facilities for many individuals, as well as make life
simpler for those who have physical limitations.

The lift may be characterized as an electric lift that is used to move people and
products up and down levels of a building. As usual, an electric motor is used to
turn this on, as well as to drive the weighted system cable for drive operations
like lifts, or else it would pump hydraulic fluid to elevate the cylinder's piston like
a jack.

Any multi-story structure that has a lift is a terrific
feature since it allows for quick access and movement,
which saves a lot of time. They eliminate the
inconvenience of climbing several stairs. They
transport people and stuff from one floor to another
by moving vertically up and down. To maintain the
elevator's proper operation and the safety of visitors,
it is crucial to regularly take care of repairs and
maintenance.

Lifts are now highly prevalent, and more and more
people use them for convenient transportation. Every
building must have it because of the numerous
developments in the sector and the sharp decline in
material cost.

SYSTEM

The pulley system functions similarly to how an elevator or lift operates. The water
is drawn from the well using a pulley system. This pulley system may be
constructed using a wheel, rope, or bucket. A rope that crosses a wheel and is
attached to a bucket. Drawing water from the well may become quite simple as a
result. Similar to this, modern elevators employ the same idea. However, the
fundamental distinction between the two is that a lift employs complex machinery
to handle the load, whilst pulley systems are handled manually.




A lift is essentially a metal box of various designs that is attached to a strong
metal rope. The lift in the engine room has a sheave where the sturdy metal rope
is passed through. In this case, a sheave works like a wheel in a pulley system to
tightly grip the metal rope. A motor may be used to run this system. The motor
may start when the elevator moves up and down or stops when the switch is
switched on.




The speed regulating system, electric motor, rails, cabin, shaft, door (manual and
automatic), drive unit, buffers, and safety device are the primary elevator
components or elevator parts that may be used to build a lift.




Traction with a
Machine-Room-Less
Hydraulic
machine room (MRL) traction

BENEFITS

Saves Space- Stairs take up lots of space, while the shaft that houses a lift
takes up relatively little. By using less space, lifts let builders utilize land
more effectively.
Functionality- People with mobility problems, such as the elderly and
crippled, benefit greatly from lifts. They are practical to use and provide
independent access to various floors of a building. A lot of labour is
avoided by using them to transport large and bulky things.
Helps Prevent Accidents-Lifts are very useful for elderly people and
young children since they help prevent accidents. They aid in avoiding
injuries that could happen when using the stairs.
Increases the Property Value- the home or business property's value can
be greatly raised by installing a lift. Any buyer of real estate has
accessibility as one of their top concerns. As they aid in preserving a
degree of comfort and mobility, lifts raise the resale value. Previously
regarded as a luxury, lifts are now a must. They are now more
affordable because to lower installation and component costs.
Adds Sophistication-Lifts are available in a variety of appealing and
unique styles and shapes. There are those with sliding doors, grilled
glass doors, and doors with abstract patterns. They come in a variety of
forms, including pyramids, cylinders, and capsules. They contribute
much to the elegance of any structure and improve the décor.
Enhances Security- A stop button, emergency lights, and manual
lowering adapters are just a few of the security elements that are
included with lifts.

PROBLEM

Long wait time and slow speed Heating issues

Time is valuable. Nobody enjoys waiting for Heavy jobs are carried out by the drive and
a cab outside a lift, especially if they are control system. No machine on earth has a
already running late for work or a meeting. It conversion rate from electric to mechanical
cannot be ignored if the pace of the elevator energy that is 100% efficient. The frequent
occasionally makes patience difficult. usage of the elevator causes a little quantity of
Actually, it's a sign of a more serious issue. electrical energy to be turned into heat, which
This is a cautionary symbol for safety. On then builds up. The current weather or
elevator parts like the relay system, which environment contributes to its continued
drives the lift's movement, it puts friction and exaggeration. Since the drive and control
excessive pressure. In addition, failing to system is often based on the top tier, the
address the elevator's poor speed issue surrounding temperature also affects how hot it
might increase electricity use since more is, especially in the summer. The major cause of
energy is required to overcome the friction the lift's problem may be overheating.
forces. Thermodynamic imbalances are balanced
through ventilation, which also controls heating
Excessive energy consumption issues.

The unanticipated rise in power costs. Health Germs Haven
inspections of equipment, including electrical
control panels, door movement mechanisms, and One of the areas with the highest microbial
drive and control systems, are required of lift contamination is the lift. Buttons are bacterial
engineering businesses. Electrical panel failures minefields, and passengers on elevators are
may be dangerous if they go unnoticed. The door locked in small quarters with potentially
cannot move because of sensor failure and dust contagious people coughing or sneezing.
buildup in the sliding grid. Lift repair and Between cleanings, if they are cleaned at all,
maintenance costs do not have to go up if several fingers touch the elevator button. You
immediately address daily wear and tear. Saving might need to hit the first-floor button to exit
nine by sewing on time also applies to elevators. the structure. Everybody who leaves the area is
Regular maintenance promotes performance and required to push it as well. The likelihood of
protects the safety of passengers. contracting germs in the elevator can be
decreased by using hand sanitizer or wipes
soaked in a cleaning solution.

INSTALLATION

1.Setting the Columns in Place

Following an initial consultation, the technician
has chosen the ideal location for the elevator.
This location must have adequate room for
employees to build the system, sturdy enough
flooring on all levels, and sufficient overhead
clearance for loading and unloading freight.
Columns will then be fastened and positioned
from here.

2. Adding the Carriage

To position the carriage correctly so that it
climbs the columns equally and levelly, lines will
be put on the floor and the walls. The carriage is
positioned precisely where these marks suggest
inside the columns. The carriage uprights will be
fastened to the columns once the wheel blocks
have been installed. The wheel blocks are
attached to the mounted lift chains. When the
carriage is elevated, it shouldn't slip off the
sprocket.

3. Raising the Drive Base for Mechanical
Lift Installation
The drive base will be hoisted into
position on top of the columns if you are
installing a mechanical lift. The drive
base will be bolted in place and
afterward welded to the supports once
the motor drive is properly installed.

4. Assembling and Setting the Gates and
Enclosures

To stop objects from falling from the VRC and
hurting someone, gates and enclosures are
crucial. These have to be securely welded in
place.

5. Wiring the Electrical Components

All of the wiring that enables the lift to rise and
fall will be handled by the expert. As a result, the
lift will be simple to use with only a flip of the
switch. Additionally, they will guarantee that the
lift is in good functioning order and that any
employee may use it in a secure manner.

TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

APPLICATION

Telecommunication is the transmission of a message across a long distance to communicate. The
use of electrical equipment such as telegraphs, telephones, and teletypes, radio, microwave
transmission, fiber optics, and other associated electronics, as well as the usage of orbiting
satellites and computer networks and the internet, are all examples of telecommunication uses
today. A telecommunication system can also be defined as a system that aids in transmitting
messages in a timely and efficient manner. It must be well-organized, long-lasting, adaptable, and
simple to maintain for the end-user. Cabling systems used for telephone communications have a
range of other applications, such as fire alarms, security alarms, computer networking, and
teleprinters. The voltage and current are extremely low and not directly linked to a building's main
power supply. For safety and to avoid interference, telecommunications, and mains cabling should
be separated in discrete conduits and trunking.

As a result, we
actualize the domestic

air conditioning and
other smart appliances

network by
interconnecting power

fibre optic networks
through the building of

an interior
communication
network in the consumers.

Furthermore, we achieve domestic appliances automatically collecting electrical information,
analysis, and management; and building appliances achieve economic operation and energy
control through intelligent interactive terminals, smart sockets, smart appliances, and so on.

Besides, we discovered that the system can remotely control buildings and other services via
the telephone, cell phone, Internet, and other means, while also achieving smoke detection,
gas leak detection, anti-theft, emergency assistance, and other home security functions via
intelligent interactive terminals, and carrying out the automatic collection and information
management of water metres, gas metres, and support and property management centre cell
master network.

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

SMART BUILDING 2. Wireless Broadband Networks
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
As workers are no longer bound to their desks,
The Three Building Blocks Of Smart hybrid workspaces are likely to rise after the
Building Communications pandemic. We can expect new digital amenities will
quickly take off as the demand for high-speed,
While each building is unique, the core mobile wireless access continues to explode.
components that underpin the intelligent Employees and visitors alike now expect
network infrastructure of the future are ubiquitous Wi-Fi connection and pervasive cellular
more or less consistent. That being said, coverage in the built environment. In parallel, the
the intricate landscape of smart building boom in teleconferencing alongside innovative
use cases makes it no easy task for offerings like augmented/virtual reality, digital
property owners to navigate and define signage and indoor navigation, along with
these fundamentals. The alphabet soup traditional intranets and enterprise networks, is
of legacy and emerging technologies expediting bandwidth consumption.
further adds to this challenge. In large
part, the infrastructure comprises three To keep pace with these trends, the latest Wi-Fi
foundational layers, each designed to standard — 802.11ax or Wi-Fi 6 — introduces
meet a distinct set of communication major enhancements in bandwidth efficiency,
needs. enabling a much larger number of endpoints to be
connected to the same router. Concurrently,

distributed antenna systems (DAS) and small cell
networks are bringing reliable, always-on cellular
1. Wired Broadband Communication connectivity indoors to further enhance human-to-

human connectivity for a multitude of audio and
video use cases.
Contemporary buildings are home to numerous
controllers, switches and electronic hardware.
These components rely on wired networks for
automation and control of mission-critical
building functions like HVAC, lighting, security,
CCTV surveillance, fire alarms and elevators.
Proprietary protocols have long dominated the
building automation scene, creating the
challenge of siloed systems. Nevertheless, today,
they are quickly superseded by open-standard
Ethernet/IP-based cabling and Power over
Ethernet solutions.

Next-gen wired infrastructure can interlink
previously disparate automation networks in a
unified, integrated building management system,
enabling seamless and efficient control while
streamlining complexity. At the same time, it
delivers reliable, high-bandwidth backhaul
connection for building-wide wireless access
points and workstation Ethernet access.

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

SMART BUILDING
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

3. Low-Power IoT Connectivity The Converged Network Infrastructure

While the first two layers have long been part To deliver on the promise of smart buildings, these
of the commercial and enterprise three communication layers should not operate
communication picture, this third layer has individually but in a highly converged, robust and
emerged with IoT and its entirely new wave of secure intelligent architecture. By integrating wireless
connected devices. Until recently, building IoT data with legacy automation networks and
networks have mostly revolved around high- enterprise systems, we can achieve new levels of
bandwidth applications where a modest building efficiency and sustainability, alongside
portion of physical assets can actually be tenants’ comfort and experience. For example, fine-
connected. Today, smart sensors can hook grained ambient and traffic data communicated by
virtually every object — as simple as a waste smart sensors can help to determine ventilation and
bin, water pipe or consumable dispenser — heating/cooling requirements in real time. This, in
to the internet. They even give the built turn, enables dynamic, zone-level control of wire-
environment a “voice” to report on numerous based HVAC systems to ensure a healthy and
high-value metrics, from temperature, productive environment at lower carbon footprint
humidity and air quality to lighting, acoustic and energy costs.
and occupancy density.
As CRE companies increasingly embrace smart
This type of massive, granular device building technology, multiple communications
connection is made possible by a new breed technologies can be applied to cultivate and
of low-power machine-to-machine implement a versatile data-driven strategy. The
connectivity, with low-power wide-area traditional high-throughput network infrastructure is
networks (LPWAN) being at the forefront. being infused with advanced protocols and standards
LPWAN brings to the table a unique that augment interoperability, coverage and data
combination of high energy efficiency, speed. Concurrently, I expect we will see a drastic
excellent range and penetration ability uptick of low-power M2M connectivity to bring IoT to
together with ease of installation and the built environment at scale and unleash a vast
management to effectively cater to large-scale spectrum of remote monitoring use cases.
deployments of battery-operated IoT sensors.

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

INSTALLATION PROCESS

1) Before getting started, consider where will the 4) Connect the other end of the
router be placed. The easiest technique to ensure Ethernet wire from the WAN port to the
excellent coverage is to choose an open place in Ethernet port on the back of the
the middle of the house. modem. Ascertain that the modem is
turned on and that you are prepared to
2) Additionally, stay away from heavy metal, glass, connect to the internet. The router
glass, brick, or concrete objects. Wi-Fi mesh should then be plugged into a power
solutions address this problem by allowing an socket and turned on.
aesthetically designed node to be put wherever
coverage is the most lacking. 5) Most mesh Wi-Fi systems, as well as
some of the most recent regular
3) Connect the router to the modem to begin this wireless routers, might well be set
process. An Ethernet entirely from smartphone, as previously
cable will be required, which will be inserted into stated. Manufacturers will each have
the router's WAN (wide-area network) port. This their own setup app, so check the
port may change slightly from router to router, but router's quick-start instructions to be
it will almost always have a different colour than sure you're downloading the correct
the other ports and labelled as "WAN," "Internet," one.
or something similar.

6) Upon configuring the wireless
routers, the user may choose a smart
hub, smart plugs, and smart lighting, as
well as create a secure shelter with an
Integrated Security System.

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

WIRELESS NETWORK

Benefits:

1) Convenience: Multiple users can
connect to a wireless network at the
same time. Connections can be created
using the router or a hotspot
technology
in a matter of seconds without any
configurations.

2) Mobility: Users can now access the Problems:
internet even when they are not in their 1) Security: Wireless networks may
usual work setting, thanks to the rise of opt to use one of the many
public wireless networks. encryption technologies available
to mitigate this issue.
3) Cost: Wireless networking hardware
is just somewhat more expensive than 2) Reliability: Wireless networking
cable networking hardware. The cost signals, like any other radio
and labour reductions associated with frequency transmission, are
running physical wires nearly always vulnerable to a wide range of
offset this possible rise in cost. interference as well as
sophisticated propagation effects
that
are beyond the network
administrator's control.

3) Speed: Most wireless networks
(usually 1-54 Mbps) are far slower
than even the slowest wired
networks (100Mbps up to several
Gbps).

KUALA LUMPUR
CITY CENTRE

CASE STUDY

CASE S
TUDY

The Petronas Twin Tower is the multi-
story smart building that we have
proposed as part of these smart
building projects.

The case study adopted a fire
protection system, mechanical
handling system, telecommunications,
mechanical handling and special
services.

KLCC (Kuala Lumpur City Centre) Petronas Tower consists
of 94 story twin towers, that rises into the sky of Kuala
Lumpur at 452 meters above the ground. The twin tower
building located in the center of commercial are in Kuala
Lumpur.

This multi-story smart building offers top-notch amenities and
services, and the integrated intelligent building system
primarily focuses the quality value to be achieved. KLCC has
tight security measures in place, and only individuals directly
employed by the building's owner which is PETRONAS, are
permitted access to the Security System Control Room.

The purpose of this smart building's adaptation of a different
system is to make sure that any lack of monitoring at the
workstations won't have an impact on how effectively the integrated
system operates.

CONCLUSION

In a nutshell, smart buildings are any structures that
use integrated processes, clever engineering, or
innovative design to self-regulate the building's
environment and activities. These structures are
frequently referred to as smart buildings or intelligent
buildings. The system in the smart building includes
building automation, fire protection system,
telecommunications, mechanical ventilation, special
services, and mechanical handling systems. Besides
that, the current management structures and
technologies must be regularly evaluated and adapted
to provide the best performance in order to maintain a
competitive advantage. KLCC is one of the multi-story
smart buildings that we proposed for the case study.
KLCC has strict security that is suitable with the terms
of smart building. Lastly, with the aid of advanced
technology, in the years to come, smart buildings will
grow in popularity, offering us and the environment
comfort.

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