Vidyalaya Patrika, 2019-20

5. Reactive approach to essential healthcare based on various patient attributes and the
largely due to lack of awareness, access to treatment context.
services and behavioural factors implies that
majority of patients approach a hospital / 2. Natural language processing:- NLP, includes
physician only when a disease has reached an applications such as speech recognition, text
advanced stage, thus increasing the cost of analysis, translation and other goals related to
care and reducing the chances of recovery. language. In healthcare, the dominant
applications of NLP involve the creation,
understanding and classification of clinical
documentation.

3. Rule-based expert systems:- Expert systems
based on collections of ‘if-then’ rules. In

healthcare, they were widely employed for
‘clinical decision support’ purposes over the last

couple of decades

There are already a number of studies 4. Physical robots & Robotic process
suggesting that AI can perform as well as or automation:- Surgical robots, initially approved
better than humans at key healthcare tasks, in the USA in 2000, provide ‘superpowers’ to
such as diagnosing disease. Artificial surgeons, improving their ability to see, create
intelligence is not one technology, but rather precise and minimally invasive incisions, stitch
a collection of them. Most of these wounds and so forth. Common surgical
technologies have immediate relevance to the procedures using robotic surgery include
healthcare field, but the specific processes gynaecologic surgery, prostate surgery and head
and tasks they support vary widely. Some and neck surgery.
particular AI technologies of high importance
to healthcare are as below. The future of Digital technologies and AI in
healthcare in India:-
1. Machine learning:- Machine learning is a
statistical technique for fitting models to data The greatest challenge to AI in these
and to ‘learn’ by training models with data. In healthcare domains is not whether the
healthcare, the most common application of technologies will be capable enough to be useful,
traditional machine learning is precision but rather ensuring their adoption in daily clinical
medicine – predicting what treatment practice. We are likely to encounter many ethical,
protocols are likely to succeed on a patient medical, occupational and technological changes
with AI in healthcare.

It is important that healthcare institutions, as
well as governmental and regulatory bodies,
establish structures to monitor key issues, react in
a responsible manner and establish governance
mechanisms to limit negative implications. This

is one of the more powerful and consequential same . Have a long term goal but every day before
technologies to impact human societies, so it sleeping just note down what things you need to
will require continuous attention and do next day .Dedicate a calendar or a diary for the
thoughtful policy for many years. study plan. Sticky notes will also come in handy.
Dhritee T. Dey, PRIORITIZE AND HAVE BALANCE
Class X Now , list out all the subjects. Prioritize the task
in your schedule .Plan out which subject you will
HOW TO PREPARE A STUDY study on which day to ensure that you’re devoting
SCHEDULE enough time to each subject. Take into account
difficulty of the subject. Even if you are
If you still do not have a study schedule; it’s proficient in a particular. You may allot less time,
a good time to devise one. Here are some tips but you cannot completely avoid this subject.
to help you with it … Ready? DEDICATE TIME FOR OTHER ACTIVITIES
ANALYSE YOUR CURRENT STUDY When you put together the schedule, remember to
HABIT allot time non-academic activities. Fix the study
Think about how long you spent for your hours in a day (say 6 p.m. to 9 p.m.) and try to
academic work every day. How much time do stick to this timing. The rest of the free time can
you actually have for studying? Evaluate how be dedicated for hobbies, friends-and-family
you manage your time. When do you feel the bonding, outdoor activities, preparation for
most to study .Some are more productive competitions, coaching classes and the rest/sleep.
early in the morning studying soon after It is important to strike a balance between work
rising up ,while other like to study after and play.
school. STICKING TO YOUR SCHEDULE
You may have some preferences for a subject Sticking to your study plan on a long-term basis
and want to spent more time say on Science is a challenge, but not something that cannot be
than languages. Keep these aspects in mind overcome.
before preparing your study schedule. Take short breaks : Remember to use the
pomodoro technique i.e, break down your
SET A GOAL available time into 25 minutes of study blocks.
It will be easier to create a study plan, if you
have a target in your mind. Set goals month Use a timer and focus on your work completely
wise and week wise .Day wise goals like for 25 minutes. Accomplished ? You have earned
learning a lesson or preparing for upcoming yourself a five-minute break. After the break, go
exam will be stepping stones to achieve the on continue your work for another 25 minutes .
This will help you avoid distraction and stick to a
schedule.
Maintain accountability : Get your friend or your
sibling to be your study partner . You don’t have
to study with them but you can co-ordinate to
motivate each other to stick to your respective
schedule.
Evaluate your plans :From time to time, evaluate

your study plan and your performance and refers to the variations in the planet and animal
make necessary changes so that it is more species living together and connected by food
practical and efficient. chains and food webs.
-Prince Kumar Mahto , IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY
XII ‘B’ ● Ecological Stability
● Economic Importance
BIODIVERSITY ●Ethical Importance
BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA
It is the variation among living organisms
from different sources including terrestrial, India is one of the most diverse nations in the
marine and desert ecosystems, and the world. It ranks ninth in terms of plant species
ecological complexes of which they are a richness. It is the origin of important crop species
part. and is also a central of various domesticated
species.
WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY ? However, diversity is depleting at a drastic rate
and various programs on biodiversity
conservation are being launched to conserve
nature.

-Dolma Lama,
XII

Biodiversity describes the richness and GENETICS IN EVERYDAY LIFE
variety of life on earth . It is the most complex
and important feature of our planet. Without First of all what is Genetics?
biodiversity, life would not sustain. Genetics, study of heredity in general and
Biodiversity includes the number of different of genes in particular. Genetics forms one of the
organisms and their relative frequencies in an central pillars of biology and overlaps with many
ecosystem. It also reflects the organization of other areas, such as agriculture, medicine,
organisms at different levels. and biotechnology.
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY Have you ever wondered why you look like your
● GENETIC BIODIVERSITY :- It refers to parents and why your hair is blonde, brown or
the variations among the genetic resources of black?
the organisms.
● SPECIES BIODIVERSITY :- It refers to Do you know how criminals can be caught using
the variety of different types of species found
in a particular area.
● ECOLOGICAL BIODIVERSITY :- It

DNA fingerprinting? In addition to its use in health care, genetics has a
As we can't answer this Questions simple by range of other applications. For example, the
guessing them. So in this cases Genetics can police can use genetic fingerprinting to catch
be used to answer these questions. criminals.
Because Genetics is: Genetic fingerprinting was invented and
the study of genes developed by Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University
genetics is about how and why physical of Leicester in 1984. This technique can identify
characteristics such as eye colour are passed individuals on the basis of their genetic
on from one generation to another information.
about how diseases and conditions can run in Criminals often leave evidence of their identity at
families a crime scene: for example, hair follicles, blood
the study of patterns in genetic information, or skin cells. The police can use the genetic
such as the patterns used in DNA information to demonstrate whether or not an
fingerprinting and profiling individual was present at the scene of a crime.
and genetics is about how variation occurs in Genetic information can prove innocence and
and between animals, plants or humans help to identify and convict the guilty.
Section 3: Important concepts
This short film will help you to understand To understand genetics, it is important to know
basic genetics and the relevance of genetics in something about cells, chromosomes and DNA.
everyday life. All living things are made up of cells. The cell is
Section 2: Genetics in everyday life the basic building block of life.
Genetics affects us all in many ways. This A human body contains millions and millions of
short film will explore a few of the uses of cells. An average adult has an estimated ten to one
genetics. hundred thousand million cells.
Each cell is so small that you can only see it using
Genetics can help us to understand why a microscope.
people look the way they do and why some There are many different types of cells, and they
people are more prone to certain diseases than all have a different job to do. For example, the
others. human body contains muscle cells, blood cells
Genetics can help health-care professionals to and skin cells.
identify certain conditions in babies before We can use a computer animation to show you
they are born using techniques such as what it is like inside a human cell.
prenatal testing. The nucleus is a very important component of the
Genetic technologies are also being used to cell. It is the control centre and contains all your
help develop targeted medicines for certain genetic information in the form of structures
diseases. called chromosomes.
Chromosomes carry information about you. For
example, whether you have straight or curly hair,
how your heart functions, and even which hand
you write with.
Chromosomes help to keep your genetic
information neat, organised and compact, in much
the same way that a filing cabinet can be used to

organise paperwork. If you are male you have one copy of the X
Chromosomes are made up of long strands of chromosome and one copy of the Y chromosome.
a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid – or A mother always passes on one of her X
DNA for short. chromosomes to her children. The father can pass
DNA contains four building blocks called on an X chromosome or a Y chromosome.
adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. If the father passes on a Y chromosome the child
These are often referred to by their initial will be male. If the father passes on an X
letters – A, T, C and G – and form long chromosome the child will be female.
sequences that represent your unique genetic In this random process, it is the male that
code. determines the sex of the child as he can pass on
DNA consists of two ribbon-like strands that either an X or a Y chromosome.
wrap around each other like a twisted ladder.
This structure is described as a double helix. Characteristics can be due to our genetic make-up
Part of the genetic information in the DNA is and may be controlled by only one gene or by
organised into thousands of specific coded many genes.
instructions called genes. It is these genes that Many characteristics can be due to a combination
contain all the information needed to make of genetic and environmental factors like diet and
you who you are. exercise.
Section 4: Inheritance Section 5: Patterns of Inheritance
In order to find out how characteristics are There are three main patterns in which
passed on from generation to generation, it is characteristics are passed down from generation
important to know something about basic to generation:
inheritance. – Recessive Inheritance
First we will focus on chromosomes. – Dominant Inheritance and
In every cell of your body there are 46 – X-linked Inheritance
chromosomes in the form of 23 pairs. All of us have two copies of each gene; one copy
Each pair of chromosomes contains one is inherited from our mother and the other from
chromosome inherited from your mother and our father. The only exception to this rule is the
one chromosome inherited from your father. genes on the sex chromosomes.
This is why you may look like both of your In this section, we will represent a chromosome
parents. like this:
The 23 chromosomes from the father join the
23 chromosomes from the mother when the
sperm joins the egg at the moment of
conception.
Each chromosome pair looks identical apart
from the 23rd pair. This pair of chromosomes
is known as the sex chromosomes, as they
determine the sex of an individual.
There are two sex chromosomes: the X
chromosome and the Y chromosome.
If you are female you will have two copies of
the X chromosome.

and a gene as a coloured dot gene. In this case the child will not be affected,
The two copies – or variants - of each gene but he or she will be a carrier … just like the
may be exactly the same or slightly different. parents.
In recessive inheritance, you develop a Every one of these four combinations is equally
certain characteristic only if you possess two likely every time a pregnancy occurs. Other
copies of a given variant of the gene examples of recessive inheritance include
concerned. attached earlobes, thalassaemia and cystic
For example, albinism is an inherited fibrosis.
recessive condition that not only affects In dominant inheritance, you develop a certain
humans but many other animals – including characteristic, if you inherit one copy of a non-
tigers. working gene, regardless of what the other copy
In this condition, reduced amounts of a is.
pigment called melanin are produced. In these Examples of dominant traits or conditions include
individuals, both copies of a gene that plays a brown eyes, black hair, Huntington Disease and
role in melanin production are not working Hereditary Breast Cancer.
properly. Marfan Syndrome is a medical condition that
Using this animation, you can see how follows a dominant inheritance pattern.
recessive inheritance works. Here, both Individuals with this condition are usually taller
parents carry the same non-working gene, as than average and can develop problems with their
indicated by the light blue dot. hearts, bones and eyes.
However, as they have only one non-working Using this animation, you can see how dominant
gene, and the other gene is working properly, inheritance works. Here is a father who has
they are not affected by the condition and are Marfan syndrome and a mother who does not.
known as ‘carriers’. If the non- working gene is passed on from the
What will happen when these parents pass on father, the child will be affected by this condition.
their genes to their children? If both the father and the mother pass on their
It may be that both pass on their working gene working genes, the child will not be affected by
to the child. The child will then have two this condition.
working copies and will neither suffer from As you can see, on average, half of the children
nor carry the condition. will inherit the syndrome and half of the children
It may be that both pass on their non-working will not.
gene, in which case the child will have the
condition. Every one of these four combinations is equally
It may be that one parent passes on a working likely every time a pregnancy occurs.
gene and the other passes on a non-working X-linked inheritance is associated with genes on
the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex
chromosomes.
An example of an X-linked condition is

haemophilia. In an individual with this oxygen around their bodies.
condition the blood does not clot properly. Thalassaemia can affect individuals from any
Using this animation, you can see how X- ethnic group, but it is especially common in
Linked recessive inheritance works. Here the people from Mediterranean countries, such as
mother has one working copy of the gene and Italy and Malta, as well as India, Pakistan, the
one non-working copy of the gene. She does Middle East, and South-East Asia.
not have haemophilia but she is a carrier of Genetics allows us to understand how
the condition. The father is not affected as he thalassaemia is passed on in families. Blood tests
has one working copy of the gene. and genetic investigations can help us to
What will happen when these parents pass on determine whether an individual has the disease
their genes to their children? or is a carrier. Our improved understanding of the
The mother could pass on her working gene. causes of the condition may even raise the
This will result in either a non- affected possibility of future gene-based therapies that
daughter or a non-affected son. may offer a cure.
Or the mother could pass on her non-working Cystic fibrosis is the most common genetic
gene. This will result in either a daughter who condition in White Europeans.
is a carrier or an affected son. It affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat,
saliva and digestive fluids. These secretions are
A famous example of the X-linked normally thin and slippery, but in cystic fibrosis
inheritance of haemophilia can be seen in the they are thicker and stickier. This makes it
extended family of Queen Victoria. She was difficult for important organs such as the lungs
a carrier, and a number of her children and and the digestive system to work properly,
grandchildren were either affected by the making it harder to breathe.
condition or carriers themselves. Modern genetics can help parents with a family
Other examples of X-linked conditions history of the disease to understand their risk of
include red-green colour blindness and fragile passing it on to their children, and provide tests
X- syndrome. that can identify the condition in babies before
Section 6: Genetic Conditions they are born.
There are many genetic conditions and they Section 7: Clinical Genetic Services
can affect all parts of the body. Here we will If you feel that a referral to the genetics team is
outline some of the most common genetic appropriate, please talk to your GP or Hospital
conditions. Consultant about visiting your local clinical
Thalassaemia is a recessive condition that genetic service.
affects the blood. Individuals with this This service, based at a hospital, aims to help
condition do not produce enough red blood those affected by, or at risk of, a genetic
cells and so find it difficult to transport condition. The team provides information,
support and where necessary, can carry out
appropriate investigations.
Reasons for being referred include:
• A genetic condition in the family
• A strong family history of cancer, or
• A delay in the development of a child that may
have a genetic cause.

Section 8: Further information greenhouse gas. Methane is more effective in
We hope you have found this short trapping heat in the atmosphere that carbon
introduction informative and enjoyable, and dioxide by 20 times. Usually methane gas can
we hope that you now have an improved release from many areas. For instance, it can be
understanding of how useful genetics can be from cattle, landfill, natural gas, petroleum
in our everyday lives. systems, coal mining, mobile explosion, or
-Anish Jangade, industrial waste process.
XII’ B’ (Science)
Human influence has been a very serious issue
GLOBAL WARMING now because human do not take care the earth.
Human that cause global warming are more than
Global warming is a serious issue and is not a natural causes global warming. The earth has
single issue but a number of environmental been changing for many years until now it is still
issues. Global warming is a rise in the surface changing because of modern lifestyle of human.
temperature of the earth that has changed Human activities include industrial production,
various life forms on the earth. The issues that burning fossil fuel, mining, cattle rearing or
cause global warming are divided into two deforestation.
categories include “natural” and “human
influences” of global warming.

The climate has continuously changing for
centuries. The global warming happens
because the natural rotation of the sun that
changes the intensity of sunlight and moving
closer to the earth.

Another cause of global warming is To reduce gasoline mean we have a choice to
greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are choose a hybrid car that reduce using gasoline.
carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide it trap Besides, petrol price are increasing. If a person
the solar heats rays and prevent it from everyday drives to work they need to pump petrol
escaping from the surface of the earth. This after 3 days and causes carbon dioxide.
has cause the temperature of the earth
increase. Another way to reduce gasoline is take public
transport or carpool to work. It can help reduce
Volcanic eruptions are another issue that carbon dioxide and save cost.
causes global warming. For instance, a single
volcanic eruption will release amount of Finally, human should stop open burning such as
carbon dioxide and ash to the atmosphere. burning dry leafs or burning garbage. It will
Once carbon dioxide increase, the
temperature of earth increase and greenhouse
trap the solar radiations in the earth.
Finally, methane is another issue that causes
global warming. Methane is also a

release carbon dioxide and toxic if burning Though people have small blood vessels, the
garbage with plastic. Besides, government networking is amazingly long. If they were
should reduce deforestation because the earth laid out they would measure more than 60,000
temperatures are increasing. Trees will help miles. Please don’t do that though, it’s good to
to improve the temperature on earth. keep your vessels in your body.
-Neha Dhariyal,
XII ‘B’ (Science) 6. The average human adult has 2000-4000 taste
buds
HUMAN BODY FACTS
7. Your body has more than 600 muscles. Your
1. You’re going to be taller in the morning. strongest muscle is located in your jaw known
Measure yourself in the morning, then as the master muscle.
again at night. You’re going to be taller in
the morning because of the cartilage in 8. Your strongest and longest bone is your femur
your bones compresses during the day.
Thanks a lot, GRAVITY!

9. Your fingernails grow faster than your toenails.

-Pawan Joshi,
XII ‘B’

2. Your heart beats about 100,000 times a
day Depending on your beats per minute;
your heart beats about 100,000 times a
day. That means it sends 2,000 gallons of
blood through the body.

3. Your highest blood flow is in your
kidneys. The highest blood flow isn’t in
your heart, liver, or brain — it’s in your
kidneys. That’s because kidneys are the
body’s natural filtration system.

4. You can produce enough saliva to fill two
bathtubs a year.

5. Your blood vessels could circle the globe.

NANOTECHNOLOGY: THE proliferation, and also provide a basis for future
FUTURE MEDICINE development of an electro spun nanofibrous
Nanotechnology is the science and scaffold in a tissue-engineering application.
engineering involved in the design, synthesis, In the future nanotechnology could also enable
characterization, and application of material their environment. New nano materials and
and devices whose smallest functional concepts are currently being developed that show
organization, in at least one dimension, is on potential for producing energy for movement,
the nanometer scale or one billionth of a light, variety of temperature, glucose and other
meter. It is generally, materials and devices sources with high conversion efficiency.
on the scale of an atom and molecules. It is Thus it is concluded that, nanotechnology or
also believed that a large scale of technology systems or device manufacture at the molecular
will in nano scale in future generation. level, is a multidisciplinary scientific field
undergoing explosive development. The genesis
of nanotechnology can be traced to promise of
revolutionary advances across medicine,
communication, genomics and robotics.
– Mondeep Nath, XII ‘B’

This device has a variety of uses in various
appliances so as in medical field. These
devices and materials can be designed to
interact with cells and tissues at a molecular
level of function for application in medicine
and physiology, with a high degree of
functional specificity, thus allowing a degree
interaction between technology and
biological system.
The promise that nanotechnology brings is
multifaceted, offering not only improvements
to the current techniques, but also providing
entirely new tools and capability. These
applications include fluorescent biological
labels, drug and gene delivery, bio-detection
of pathogens, tissue engineering, tumor
detection etc. A wide range of parameters are
favorable for cell attachment, growth and

Interesting facts about mathematics

Words such as formula, equation and calculation sounds boring for those who hate
mathematics as a subject where as it is fun for those who have kept interest
towards solving equation/problem.

October 14th is celebrated as world mathematics day. Lets know some interesting
facts about mathematics-

• Zero (0) is the only number which cannot be represented as roman numerals.
• What comes after million, billion, and trillion? The answer is- a quadrillion,

quintillion, sextillion, septillion, octillion, nonillion, decillion and
undecillion.
• Plus(+) and minus(-) sign symbols were used as early as 1489A.D .
• 2 and 5 are the only primes that end in 2 or 5.
• An icosagon is a shape with 20 sides.
• Among all shapes with the same perimeter a circle has the shortest
perimeter.
• 40 when written “forty” is the only number with letter in alphabetical order,
which “one” is the only one with letters in the reverse order.
• “Four” is the only number in English language that is spelt with the same
numbers of letters as the number itself.
• From 0 to 1000, the letter “A” only appears in 1000(one thousand).
• 12,345,678,987,654,321 is the product of 111,111,111 × 111,111,111.
Notice the sequence of numbers 1 to 9 and back to 1.
• Have you ever noticed that the opposite sides of a dice always add up to
seven (7).
• Trigonometry is the study of the relationship between the angles of triangles
and their sides.
• Abacus is considered the origin of the calculator.

-BY SOUMYA SUBHA DERSINI SETHY

CLASS-10`A`

FACTS ABOUT MATHEMATICS

➢ THERE IS ONLY ONE EVEN PRIME NUMBER.
➢ ZERO CANNOT BE REPRESENTED AS ROMAN NUMBER.
➢ THERE IS ONLY ONE NUMBER SPELLED WITH THE SAME

NUMBER OF LETTERS AS ITSELF.
9 IS CONSIDERED A “MAGIC” NUMBER
9X5=45 (4+5=9)

9X3=27(3+6=9)

➢ ONE IS NOT A PRIME NUMBER

➢ 111111111X1111111111=12345678987456321

-By Riya Tripathi
Class IX A

Riddles: Give Math a Try.

1. You know 2+2 comes to the same as 2x2.
Now find a set of three different whole

numbers whose sum is equal to their total
when multiplied.

2. Granny Adams left her half money to her
granddaughter and half of that to her
grandson. She left a sixth to her brother, and
the remainder $1000 to dog’s home. How much did she leave together?
3. I have a calculator that can display ten digits. How many different ten-digit
numbers can I type using the 0-9 keys once each, and moving from one key press
to the next using the knight’s move in chess?
4. What is the smallest number that increases by 12 when it is flipped and turned

upside- down?

5. What is the smallest whole number that is equal to seven times the sum of its
digits?

ANSWERS

1. 1,2,3.
2. She left $12,000. One half plus one quarter plus one sixth equals eleven-twelfth.
So, the remainder $1,000 is one- twelfth of the whole, which must have been
$12,000.
3. 5034927618 and 5038167294 or their reverse. Key is to realize that the number
must end or start with 5.
4. The answer is 86. When it is turned upside-down and flipped, it becomes 98,
which is 12 more than 86.
5. The answer is 21. The two digits ab stand for 10a+b=7(a+b), we get a=2b. That is
the second digit is twice the first. The smallest such number is 21.

NAME-PIYUSH KUMAR MAHTO
CLASS-11 ‘B’

MATHEMATICS OF LIFE

Add the opportunities

Subtract the errors,

Multiply the victories

Divide the obstacles.

Integrate the caliber

Differentiate your weakness,

Inverse the destiny

Simplify the struggles

To

SOLVE YOUR LIFE.....

-Saloni Verma

XI -B

Remind the Generation

The younger generation is the golden generation, the young generation is the
generation that creative, innovative, cautious and noble character. But with the
rapid advances in technology and techniques, we the young people are forgetting
our ancient Veda means “knowledge” which is still very useful and proved very
beneficial to solve arithmetic problems very faster than normal Mathematics.

There is a famous phrase that “Old is Gold”. It means Old is as much as
important as Gold. So, with reference to it, Vedic knowledge is as much as
important as modern knowledge. We have heard about Vedic Mathematics
but we don’t know, what is Vedic Mathematics?

So, putting a glimpse on Vedic mathematics, it is the collection of the
Techniques/ Sutras to solve mathematical arithmetic in easy and faster way.
It was rediscovered by Indian mathematician Jagadguru Shri Bharathi
Krishna Tirthaji (1884 -1960) in the period between 1911-1918 and
explained it in his book Vedic Mathematics.

The Vedic Mathematics comprises of 16 Sutras and 13 Sub-sutras which is
based on the part of a Parisista of the Atharvaveda. The advantages of using
Vedic Mathematics can be discussed as under.

It trains a normal person to solve problems faster than normal Math.

Eradicates fear of math completely and it is fun-filled way to do math
and thus arises interests in children.

Sharpens our minds, increases mental agility and intelligence.
Increases our speed and accuracy and boosts self confidence.

Cultivates an interests of number is us.
Let’s talk about some ‘Sutras’ and try to know its importance.

Multiplication by Nikhilam Sutra

The usual present day procedure everywhere in schools, colleges and
universities is for the children in the primary classes to be told to cramp up

– or ‘get by heart’ --- the multiplication tables . But it is not so needed.

Suppose we don’t know the multiplication of 9 and 8 and we want to solve
9 x 8, then

How to deal with it?

Firstly, write doen the numbers vertically.

•9
•8

Secondly, take a base i.e, power of 10 which is nearest to the number and
subtract it from the given number and write it on the right hand side ,giving
minus sign.

•9- 1
•8- 2

Thirdly,multiply the right hand vertical number and keep it as it is and then
cross subtract the number.

•9- 1
•8- 2
•7 2

Same procedure is followed for TWO and THREE digits number.
Example:

➢ 25 - 75 Since, the base is 100, the right
93 – 07 hand number must contain two
18 525 digits, so add extra digit to the
left number.
➢ 25 - 75
93 – 07
23 25

NOTE: If the base is less than the given number we put (+) in between
the numbers and if the base is more than the given number we put (-) in
between them.

What if the base is
not 10, 100, 1000
and so on….????

Think and try to get the solution!!!

We can see how fun filled calculations are there. If it is practiced, it will
make s master in dealing with numbers. Here each calculation is logic
based not magic based. We can get a result by magic, but when we are
called upon to prove it, we must have recourse to logic.

Avinash kr. Pandey

XII B

MATHEMATICS BOON OR BORE

Mathematics; if considered a boon; is something that our mind ( boss of our body)
loves the most . But if taken as a bore; can make our soul too lethargic to avoid going
in deep slumbers. Funny isn't it? Of course it is. But this fun can create a big question;
a question that can be solved, but not by any formulas or theorems, but only by
accepting the reality that our mind is actually a creative thing that wants to grasp as
much as it can. That who wants to find out the reason for every possible incident
taking place around it. And finally we will have to accept the reality that
mathematics actually gives us adventure and not any stress which we usually blame
mathematics for.

Mathematics is something beautiful. Headache of solving mathematics is not the

problem of few selected students or people; it is a habit which has gone deep inside

the nerves of generations. Mathematics has become boring only because we have

limited its use till pen and papers. Pressurizing kids to mug up the topic. It can surely

turn out to be a boon for our minds if we remove the sugar coat and find the cream

stuff. Priya Shukla

XA

PYTHAGORAS - A LEGEND MATHEMATICIAN

The Egyptians wanted a perfect 90-degree angle to build the pyramids which were
actually two right-angle triangle whose hypotenuse forms the edges of the
pyramids.
Pythagoras was born in around 5000 BC, in an island called Samos in Greece .he
did a lot of travelling to study is all that is known. Latter Pythagoras settled in
Crotone.

Pythagorean Theorem- , the well-known geometric theorem that the sum of the
squares on the legs of the right triangle is equal to the
square on the hypotenuse (the side opposite to the right
angle) - or in familiar algebraic notation
a2 + b2 = c2
He did a lot of travelling to study is all that is known.
Latter Pythagoras settled in Crotone (a city and comune
in Calabria), where he started his cult or group called the
Pythagoreans.
Although the theorem has long been associated with
Greek mathematician - philosopher Pythagoras (570–

500/490 BCE), it is actually far older.
Four Babylonian tablets from circa 1900–1600 BCE indicate some

knowledge of the theorem, with a very accurate calculation of the square root of 2
(the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with the length of both legs equal
to 1) and lists of special integers known as Pythagorean triples that satisfy it (e.g.,
3, 4, and 5; 32 + 42= 52, 9 + 16 = 25).

The theorem is mentioned in the Baudhayana Sulba-sutra of India,
which was written between 800 and 400 BCE.

Thus, not only is the first proof of the theorem not known, there is also
some doubt that Pythagoras himself actually proved the theorem that bears his
name.

Some scholars suggest that the first proof was the one shown
in the figure. It was probably independently discovered in several
different cultures.

- Aastha Sharma
VIII A

Greek Alphabet Letters

Upper Case Lower Case Greek Letter English Letter Name
Pronounce
Letter Letter Name Equivalent al-fa
be-ta
Α α Alpha a ga-ma
del-ta
Β β Beta b ep-si-lon
ze-ta
Γ γ Gamma g eh-ta
te-ta
Δ δ Delta d io-ta
ka-pa
Ε ε Epsilon e lam-da
m-yoo
Ζ ζ Zeta z noo
x-ee
Η η Eta h o-mee-c-ron
pa-yee
Θ θ Theta th row
sig-ma
Ι ι Iota i ta-oo
oo-psi-lon
Κ κ Kappa k f-ee
kh-ee
Λ λ Lambda l

Μ μ Mu m

Ν ν Nu n

Ξ ξ Xi x

Ο ο Omicron o

Π π Pi p

Ρ ρ Rho r

Σ σ Sigma s

Τ τ Tau t

Υ υ Upsilon u

Φ φ Phi ph

Χ χ Chi ch

Ψ ψ Psi ps p-see
o-me-ga
Ω ω Omega o

PRIYA GUPTA
XII B

ससं ्कृ त
विभाग

प्रियं भारतं

प्रकृ त्या सुरम्यं विशालं प्रकामं
सररत्तारहारै : ललाम: विकामम् |
वहमाविलललाटं पदे चैि वसन्धु:
वप्रयं भारतं सिलथा दशलिीयम् ||

धिािां विधािं धरायां प्रधािं
इदं भारतं देि लोके ि तुल्यम् |
यशो यस्य शुभ्रं विदे शेषु गीतं
वप्रयं भारतं तत् सदा िन्दिीयम् |
अिेका प्रदे शा: अिेकाश्च िेशा:
अिेकावि रूपावि भाषा अिेका: |
परं यत्र सिे ियं भारतीया:
वप्रयं भारतं तत् सदा िन्दिीयम् ||

सुधीरा जिा यत्र युद्धे षु िीरा:
शरीरपलिेिावप रक्षन्ति दे शम् |
स्वधमालिुरक्ता: सुशीलाश्च िायल:
वप्रयं भारतं तत् सदा िन्दिीयम् ||
ियं भारतीया: स्वभूवमं िमाम: |
परं धमलमेकं सदा माियाम:
तदथं धिं जीििं चापलयाम:
वप्रयं भारतं तत् सदा िन्दिीयम् ||

मानप्रि कु मारी , कक्षा - IX (A )