SCES1074_THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ON NERVOUS SYSTEM_AHMAD FARID BIN ABDUL KARIM

INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN GURU
KAMPUS KENT

ESSAY WRITTING : THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ON NERVOUS SYSTEM

NAME : AHMAD FARID BIN ABDUL KARIM

IDENTITY CARD. NO: 031019-12-0451

INDEX NUMBER : P21064608

UNIT/OPTION : SCIENCE 1

COURSE CODE : SCES1074

COURSE NAME : FUNDAMENTAL OF BIOLOGY 1

LECTURER : MADAM AINON BINTI HADIM

SUBMITTION DATE : 25 NOVEMBER 2021

THE EFFECT OF
DRUG ABUSE ON THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM.

HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

CONTENTS page

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 LEARNING PARTNER 2

3.0 THE EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE ON THE 3-6
NERVOUS SYSTEMS

4.0 CONCLUSION 7

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, thanks to Allah because give me a chance to complete

this coursework assessment successfully. I would like to express my
deepest appreciation to all those who provided me with the
possibility to complete this assessment. A special gratitude I give to
our lecture, Madam Ainon Binti Hadim, as my lecturer as she already
taught me more than I could ever give her credit for here and also
helped me especially in this task and gave me the support to do this
coursework. Furthermore, I would also like to acknowledge with
much appreciation to Dr. Carina, who giving me the permission to let
me do some interviews and gather the resources I needed to
complete my assignment. A special thanks also goes to my friends,
who help me and gave suggestion and ideas about the nervous
system. Lastly, I would like to thank to the most importantly, nobody
has been more important to me in the pursuit of this task than the
members of my family. I would like to thank my parents whose love
and guidance are with me whenever I pursue. They are the role
models.




ii

THE EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE ON
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Substances that impact a person's mental or physical state are
called drugs. They can completely change the way your brain
functions, how you feel and act, as well as your perceptions and
thinking. As a result, they are unpredictable and potentially
dangerous to children and teenagers. (Australian Government
Department of Health, 2019). Drug abuse and drug usage are
public health issues that have negative personal and social
implications. These neuropsychiatric problems linked to drug
misuse require immediate identification of therapeutic targets
and precise pharmacological treatments. (Müller, T. et.
al.,2020). In Malaysia, National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA) as a
leading agency in the fight against drug abuse, is dedicated to
providing the finest service possible in the aspects of treatment,
rehabilitation, prevention and enforcement. NADA is also
assisting the government in its efforts to achieve the goal of a
drug-free Malaysia. Drug abuse can cause an effect on the
nervous system. The nervous system is a network of nerves and
cells that send and receive messages from the brain and spinal
cord to other regions of the body. The Central Nervous System
and the Peripheral Nervous System are both part of the nervous
system. (Mandal, Ananya. ,2021)

figure 1.0 refer to logo National Anti-Drugs Agency 1

2.0 LEARNING PARTNER

My learning partner is Dr. Carina Cynthia Anak Candder. She is Graduate


Medical Officer UD41 at Sarawak General Hospital. She is the eldest of 4

siblings and is graduated from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
UNIMAS. Her hobbies are gardening and cooking. Her motto of life is " live
life, laugh often, love always".

2

3.0 THE EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE ON THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The nervous systems consist of the Central Nervous
System and the Peripheral Nervous system. Central
Nervous System consists of the brain and spinal cord while
the Peripheral Nerve System consists of the somatic/motor
nervous system and autonomic nervous system

figure 2.0 the nervous system

3

3.0 THE EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE ON THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM.

figure 3.0 structure of the human brain

Drug abuse can affect the way brain function. How do drugs work
in brain? Drugs influence the way neurons use neurotransmitters
to send, receive, and process signals. Because their chemical
structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter in the body,
some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons.
This permits the drugs to bind to the neurons and activate them.
Although these drugs are intended to replicate the brain's natural
chemicals, they do not activate neurons in the same manner that
natural neurotransmitters do, resulting in aberrant messages
being transmitted through the network. Other drugs, such as
amphetamine or cocaine, can cause neurons to release unusually
large amounts of endogenous neurotransmitters or interfere with
transporters, preventing regular recycling of these brain
chemicals. This, too, increases or disturbs normal neuronal
communication. Drug abuse can affect part of our brain. For
example, the extended amygdala is involved in unpleasant
feelings such as anxiety, anger, and uneasiness that accompany
withdrawal after the drug high has worn off, motivating the person
to seek the drug again. With greater drug usage, this circuit
becomes more sensitive. Rather than getting high, a person with a
substance use problem utilises substances overtime to gain brief
respite from their suffering. (NIDA., 2021)

4

3.0 THE EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE ON THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM.

figure 4.0 stimulant According to my learning partner,
Carina (2021), people use the
drug for a variety of reasons, the
most prevalent of which is to
improve their mood and energy
levels. There is a stimulant in
this drug that provides a high
mood and increased energy.
When stop taking this drug,
however, you will experience
withdrawal symptoms. As a
result, when your nervous

system is in withdrawal, you are compelled to take more drugs. They
develop resistant to the drug over a lengthy period of use, requiring
higher doses of the substance to get the same effect as before.
When you use more and more of this substance, your body and
nervous system become more dependent on it, which we refer to as
dependent symptoms. If you do not take that substance, you'll be
depressed and tired, and you will experience withdrawal symptoms
such as anger because you won't be able to get it. As a result, the
patient will lose consciousness. The drug is toxic, as you are aware.
An overdose can harm the liver.

5

3.0 THE EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE ON THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Psychological and medical have different long-term impacts. They
may acquire an addiction, and they may also have schizophrenia, in
which case they may experience hallucinations. This will have an
impact on their lives because they will no longer be able to behave
normally. After all, this drug will have an effect on your central
nervous system, which is the part of your brain that controls your
motor, behavioural, and cognitive functions. (Carina,2021). Positive
symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, and disordered behaviour
are widespread in schizophrenia, as are negative symptoms including
emotional expressive impairment, social motivation, social retreat,
and difficulties perceiving pleasure. (Habtewold, T et al,2020). When
this drug changes all your neuron and nerve reaction. it will give a
long-term effect in terms of death.

6

4.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, drug abuse can give severe effects, especially on our

nervous systems. When the nervous system is damaged, this will
affect our brain function and daily behaviour. It is not too late to stop
drug abuse. They are many ways that we can use to stop and
prevent drug abuse. One of the ways that we should do to prevent
drug abuse is temptation and peer pressure should be avoided.
Avoid friends or family members that urge you to use substances to
form good friendships and relationships. Those already involved in
drug abuse need support from family members, friends and the
community to stop drug abuse. They should give support and plan
to help them stop drug abuse. (Carina,2021). In Malaysia, we have
agencies that assisted people with substance use disorder in their
recovery processes such as PENGASIH Malaysia and Agensi Anti
Dadah Kebangsaan (AADK).

7

REFERENCES
Australian Government Department of Health (n.d.) What are drug?
https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/drugs/about-drugs/what-are-
drugs

Habtewold, T. D., Rodijk, L. H., Liemburg, E. J., Sidorenkov, G., Boezen,
H. M., Bruggeman, R., & Alizadeh, B. Z. (2020). A systematic review and
narrative synthesis of data-driven studies in schizophrenia symptoms and
cognitive deficits. Translational psychiatry, 10(1), 1-24.

Mandal, Ananya. (2021) . What is the Nervous System?. News-Medical.
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-the-Nervous-System.aspx.

Müller, T. E., Fontana, B. D., Bertoncello, K. T., Franscescon, F.,
Mezzomo, N. J., Canzian, J., ... & Rosemberg, D. B. (2020).
Understanding the neurobiological effects of drug abuse: Lessons from
zebrafish models. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological
Psychiatry, 100, 109873

MyGovernment (2021), General Information on AADK
https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/content/28896.

NIDA.(2021). Drugs and the Brain.
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-
addiction/drugs-brain

Prairie View A&M University (2017) Tips for Prenventing Substance
Abuse. https://www.pvamu.edu/sa/drug-and-alcohol-abuse-prevention-
program-daapp/tips-for-preventing-substance-abuse/

8