UP COE Technical Bulletin 2020: PCA and TRA Book of Abstracts

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 133

JENNIFER F. CALLANGA
Cerlito San Juan and Family Professorial Chair

Jennifer F. Callanga is an Assistant Professor of the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of the
Philippines Diliman. She earned her Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in Mechanical Engineering from
the University of the Philippines. She has served various committees both in the department and college levels.
Currently, she is the Assistant Chairman of ME department.

Her work has centered around finite element analysis, composite materials, and product development. She is currently
doing a research on structural integrity of composite tidal blade. She is also part of the research on prosthesis
development using natural fibers, in collaboration with the MMM department.

THE STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF A FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE
HORIZONTAL AXIS TIDAL TURBINE BLADE USING BLADE ELEMENT MOMENTUM

-DERIVED BLADE LOADING

A numerical approach was employed to the design of a horizontal axis tidal turbine. Verification and
validation of the numerical models were conducted to ensure acceptability and appropriateness of
the models for the problem at hand. The structural integrity of a composite turbine blade was
analyzed using ANSYS ACP PrepPost module. The structural model using an elliptical tube initially
assumed isotropic material properties for verification and validation. A further study involving the
actual blade configuration with a spar was simulated using both isotropic and orthotropic material
properties. A parametric study of ply angle and blade shell thickness was conducted to determine
appropriate geometric configurations that will yield the lowest maximum principal stress and blade
deformation. It was observed that the maximum principal stress is 154.2 MPa and the tip deflection is
153.14 mm for a shell thickness equivalent to 2% of the maximum blade chord length and a ply angle
of 0°. When the ply angle is increased, the maximum principal stress increases with the worst
condition at 230.7 MPa for ply angle of 45°. Shell thickness was studied, and results show that
increasing the thickness decreased the maximum principal stress. When the shell thickness is
increased to 8% of the maximum blade chord, the recorded maximum principal stress and tip
deflection reduces to 68.7 MPa and 62.91 mm, respectively, both less than 45% of the baseline case
of 2%. It is determined that the composite blade is an improved design with good structural
response, low stress and deformation levels

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134 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

LOUIS ANGELO M. DANAO, PhD.
Vicente Paterno Centennial Professorial Chair
in Mechanical Engineering

Louis Angelo M. Danao is a Professor of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of the Philippines
Diliman. He acquired his BSc in Mechanical Engineering (1999), and MSc in Mechanical Engineering (2006) from UP
Diliman. He completed his PhD in The University of Sheffield, U.K. (2012). He has been a full-time faculty member of UP
Diliman since 2006 and has served as Graduate Program Coordinator for the Energy Engineering Graduate Program as
well as Department Chair for Mechanical Engineering. His fields of expertise span from solid mechanics dealing with
finite element analysis, structural design, and composite materials, to energy engineering covering wind and tidal
turbine design, computational fluid dynamics, renewable energy systems, and techno-economic assessment of energy
systems. He has been recognized for his accomplishments through various awards including the Gawad Tsanselor para
sa Natatanging Guro (2018), Outstanding Engineering Professor (2018), Scientist 1(2017-2019), among others.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY OF OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY IN
THE PHILIPPINES

The technical feasibility of offshore wind energy in the Philippines is assessed. Geographic information system
is utilized to integrate the different technical data into a single model. Off-shore wind speed data for five
years at elevations 10m, 20m, 80m, and 100m from a local database was used as reference for the wind
resource study. Two wind turbines were considered for the energy conversion component, Siemens SWT- 3.6
-120 and Senvion 6.2 M126. The wind speed data was interpolated to 90m and 95m using standard power law
to match the hub heights of the turbines studied. The wind power density, wind power, and annual energy
production were calculated from the interpolated wind speeds. Areas in the Philippines with capacity factor
greater than 30% and performance greater than 10% were considered technically viable. Exclusion criteria
were applied to narrow down the potential siting for offshore wind farms, namely, active submerged cables,
local ferry routes, marine protected areas, reefs, oil and gas extraction areas, bathymetry, distance to grid,
typhoons, and earthquakes. Several sites were determined to be viable with north of Cagayan having the
highest capacity factor. The highest wind capacity factor for the offshore wind farms are located in north of
Ilocos Norte (SWT-3.6-120: 54.48% - 62.60%; 6.2M126: 54.04% - 64.79%), north of Occidental Mindoro (SWT-
3.6-120: 46.81% - 60.92%; 6.2M126: 45.30% - 62.60%) and southeast of Oriental Mindoro (SWT-3.6-120:
45.60% - 59.52%; 6.2M126: 45.30% - 62.60%). However, these sites are not acceptable due to technical,
social, and political constraints. The constraints considered in the study are active submerged cables with a
buffer of 5 km, local ferry routes with a buffer of 3km, marine protected areas with a buffer 3 km, reefs with a
buffer of 3 km, oil and gas extraction areas with a buffer of 5 km, bathymetry less than 50m, distance to grid of
within 120 km, historical typhoon tracks with greater than 250 kph and 50 km buffer, and historical
earthquakes with greater than 6.5 magnitude with a buffer of 15 km. Upon application of these exclusion
criteria, the potential sites for offshore wind farms are north of Cagayan, west of Rizal, north of Camarines Sur,
north of Samar, southwest of Masbate, Dinagat Island, Guimaras, and northeast of Palawan.

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 135

GERALD JO C. DENOGA, PhD
Fernando N. Seriña Professorial Chair

Dr. Gerald Jo Denoga is a Professor of the Mechanical Engineering Department of the UPD College of Engineering. He
got his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering (cum laude) in UP Diliman, his MS degree in Mechatronics Engineering
(High Distinction) at the University of New South Wales, and was the class valedictorian when he got his PhD in Energy
Engineering at UP Diliman. He was a former chairman of the Mechanical Engineering Department, and is the current
Associate Dean for Research. Prof. Denoga established the Emerson HVACR laboratory, the Design and Manufacturing
Center, the Instrumentation, Robotics and Control laboratory, and the Machine Design Laboratory.

Prof. Denoga specializes in transportation energy and systems modelling. His latest researches include energy
modelling of light rail systems, development of hybrid vehicles, energy modelling of public utility vehicles, and
modelling of condensate systems.

A PRELIMINARY COMPARISON OF FUEL ECONOMY ESTIMATES FROM DRIVING
CYCLES DEVELOPED USING ROAD LOAD ENERGY-BASED AND MICROTRIP
METHODS

This study presents an experimental comparison of on-road fuel economy estimates of driving cycles
generated by a novel locally-developed road load energy (RLE)-based method developed by Gerald Jo
Denoga, and the traditional micro-trip approach. A Philippine public utility jeepney (PUJ) plying a selected
local franchised route was fitted with on-board instrumentation to gather on- road speed-time data and fuel
economy measurements for a total of 18 round- trips. These speed-time data were processed using computer
codes written for both methods of generating drive cycles for chassis dynamometer testing. Candidate drive
cycles developed by the RLE-based method were selected based on the calculated energy errors and residue
errors of developed drive cycles. The candidate driving cycles developed by the micro trip method were
selected by the absolute value difference of probability distribution of normalized frequencies. Drive cycles
with duration of 540, 720 and 900 seconds developed from the RLE-based method were selected while a
1400-second drive cycle from the micro-trip method was chosen as representative of the on-road driving
pattern. Chassis dynamometer testing of the PUJ vehicle was performed using the drive cycles generated by
both the RLE-based method and micro-trip method to measure their corresponding fuel economy estimates.
The results were then compared with the measured on-road fuel economy. For the on-road tests, an average
fuel economy of 7.3 km/liter was obtained. The RLE-based driving cycles gave an average fuel economy of 7.0
-7.1 km/liter, energy error of 2.19% - 4.36%, and residue error of 1.33% - 2.03%. The micro-trip-based driving
cycle yielded an average fuel economy of 6.8 km/liter and absolute value difference of 9%. The results
suggest that driving cycles developed using the RLE-based gave better estimates of actual on-road fuel
economy.

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136 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

RODERAID T. IBAÑEZ
TEAM Energy Professorial Chair in Energy
Engineering

Asst. Prof. Roderaid T. Ibañez is a junior faculty member from the Department of Mechanical Engineering. He has
served as metal shop laboratory head, and currently the assistant chair of the department. He obtained both of his BS
Mechanical Engineering and MS Energy Engineering from UP College of Engineering. His research interest deals with
building energy audit, power plant technologies, and renewable energy sources. While attending his teaching and
administrative load, he is active in energy research projects sponsored by the government.

In the future, Asst. Prof. Ibañez hopes to contribute to the possible development of Compressed Air Energy Storage as
complement to Renewable Energy Systems and chemical-based batteries.

INVESTIGATIVE DESIGN OF COCONUT CHARCOAL MAKER WITH HEAT
UTILIZATION FOR BIOMASS DRYING PART I: DESIGN PROTOTYPE AND PROOF

OF CONCEPT

Investing through technology to the agricultural sector of the Philippines is essential in developing
the production capacity of the country. Since the Philippines is rich with natural reserves, the country
is a well-known producer of raw materials and top agricultural products such as coconut, abaca, and
banana. Most of preprocessing of these agricultural products are done traditionally and without the
aid of technology. However, there are still limitations in mechanization to achieve higher yield of
production. In this paper, the research aims to create a multiuse equipment with combined
functionality of creating coconut coal while utilizing the heat of combustion to dry other agricultural
product such as palay, mongo, peas, and others. Since the inception of the proposed idea, the
current development is still in its early phase which primarily focuses on design prototyping and
proof of concept. Nevertheless, the result of the prototype performance shows that the samples of
wet mongo seeds have reduced water content while being subjected to the heat coming from the
combustion chamber, where the coconut shells are being transformed to charcoal. While the
performance supports the claim, the authors are aware of the areas to be critically developed, and
thus resulted to 2nd phase of the research in the future.

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 137

KOSHNEIR S. JIMENEZ
Jesus P. Francisco (Energy/Railways)
Professorial Chair

Assistant Professor Koshneir S. Jimenez has been serving as a full-time faculty member from the Department of
Mechanical Engineering since 2015. He earned his Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering and Master of Science
in Civil Engineering from the University of the Philippines Diliman.

He served as the Department Chair of the Department for almost a year from 2019 to 2020. And his research interests
are in the fields of Railway Transport, Manufacturing and Design.

ANALYSIS OF MRT-3 LINE ALONG EDSA USING DEVELOPED SIMULATION

With the worsening traffic condition in Metro Manila and in other urban centers, the country faces a
growing need for higher capacity and more efficient transportation. Among the best solutions for the
traffic congestion problem in the Philippines is the construction of railway systems that could meet
the present and future demands for transportation. A simulation program was developed in the last
study and that will be used in this research. The case study for the research was the Manila Metro
Rail Transit System (MRT-3) Line 3 along EDSA. The simulation program used a headway range
setting from 1 minute to 9 minutes, which includes the minimum and the maximum operational
headway data available from the Department of Transportation. The speed settings were varied from
20 kph, the slowest train speed recorded, to 65 kph, the design speed of the trains. The number of
trains used was set from the minimum to the maximum allowable by the blocking distance settings.
The results showed a significant improvement of capacity by increasing speeds, up to 15% with
decreased in power consumption, and a decrease in delay – average of 20% (up to saturation),
compared to the alternative solution of increasing the number of trains.

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138 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

HANNAH ERIKA D. MACASPAC
Roger Murga Professorial Chair

Hannah Erika D. Macaspac is an Assistant Professor of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of the
Philippines Diliman. She graduated with a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Science degree in Mechanical
Engineering in UP Diliman.
Her research interests include product development and manufacturing and finite element analysis. She is currently part
of a project collaboration with the MMME Department in prosthesis research which aims to develop alternative
prosthesis material that is locally available.

BUCKLING ANALYSIS FOR PROSTHETIC PYLON TUBE USING FINITE ELEMENT
METHOD

Materials for prosthesis in developing countries are often imported and the flexibility of cost is limited
for indigent amputees. The use of locally manufactured natural fiber composite pylon material that
can provide better mechanical properties and could decrease replacement costs for the user can be
of great help. Since the pylon tube bears the weight of the user, one criterion considered in this
study is that the pylon should have high yield strength to avoid buckling. In this study, the buckling
propensity of four candidate pylon tube materials were evaluated using 3D simulation by finite
element method analysis. Results showed that the pylon tube made from polypropylene has a critical
buckling load value of 50.46 kN, the carbon fiber composite at 133.04 kN, then the PFRC at 682.34
kN and lastly the Ti- 6Al-4V alloy at 1,576.23 kN. Evaluating the price and considerations for
alternative materials for pylon construction, pineapple fiber reinforced composite can therefore be an
ideal replacement for carbon fiber in fabricating a mid-range alternative for prosthetic pylon.

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 139

FERDINAND G. MANEGDEG
Alejandro Melchor Professorial Chair in
Engineering

Prof. Ferdinand G. Manegdeg is currently the Dean of the College of Engineering and the Executive Director of the
National Engineering Center of the University of the Philippines Diliman (UP). In 2016, he was awarded with the
Professional Degree Award for Mechanical Engineering by the UP Alumni Engineers and UP College of
Engineering and in 2020 he was awarded the Achievement Award by the U.P. Vanguard. He is a graduate of UP
with a degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering in 1979 and a Certificate in Advanced Citizen Military Training (Advanced ROTC) in 1978. He finished
his Master of Science from the University of Leeds, United Kingdom, in 1981. He was awarded the Arthur Smithells Prize and the Best Student in the Master of
Science in Combustion & Energy in 1981 by the University of Leeds. He also attended mechanical engineering graduate courses at UP and graduate courses in
mechanical engineering, energy management, and environmental studies at the University of Wisconsin Madison in the US. He has completed trainings on energy
and environmental planning at the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand, air pollution monitoring devices and methodology at the East-West Center in Hawaii,
standard formula of manufacture at the National Institute of Technology and Quality in South Korea, maintenance engineering and management from the AF
Swedish Management Group in Sweden, and maintenance technology of integrated wastewater treatment tanks and systems at the National Institute for
Environmental Studies in Tsukuba and at Fukushima University in Japan.

He has completed at least 70 research and projects in the field of conventional and alternative energy, environment, manufacturing, engineering, systems
evaluation and policy analysis, industry assessment and productivity improvement. He has also managed nationwide programs and surveys, for both private and
public institutions in education, industry, agriculture, health, science and technology, and the judiciary. He has at least 30 published papers in peer-reviewed
international and local Journals and Proceedings, and several unpublished papers. He was a member of the Committees to help establish the UP Energy Engineering
Graduate Program and the Joint International Graduate Program in ASEAN Energy and Environment.

He has served the university in various capacities, notably as Chair or member of at least 110 standing and ad hoc committees of the UP System, UP Diliman, UP
Mindanao, UP Cebu and the College of Engineering, as Mechanical Engineering Department Chair, as UP Diliman and UP System Human Resources and
Development Director II, and as a Program Development Associate of the Chancellor and three UP Presidents. He has also been an Officer-In-Charge of the Offices of
the Chancellor, Vice Chancellor (UP Diliman and UP Mindanao), College of Engineering, and National Engineering Center.

He is currently a regular member of the Division of Engineering and Industrial Research of the National Research Council of the Philippines, member of the UP
Vanguard Makati Chapter, member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and member of the Board of Trustees of the UP Engineering Research and
Development Foundation, Inc.

MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING
PYROLYZER-RANKINE CYCLE FOR SPECIALTY HOSPITALS IN QUEZON CITY,

PHILIPPINES

Acquisition, treatment, and final disposal of health-care waste is a vital public concern. Improper disposal has heightened
this concern as it could lead to a widened risk of transmission of agents associated with blood-borne diseases. One of the
ways to address these concerns is waste disposal and waste-to-energy plant. This facility is envisioned not only to
manage hazardous wastes from hospitals with the least emissions of toxic substances and greenhouse gases but also to
generate electricity. This study investigated the feasibility of developing waste disposal and waste-to-energy plant which
involved: the selection of hospital type and location, waste composition, energy conversion, and power plant technology,
and financial viability of the plant. The sampling design process identified the hospitals to be surveyed. The criteria
include proximity of the hospitals, number of beds, and type of hospitals. A survey of waste generation across the
specialty hospitals was then conducted and determined the type of waste, the quantity of the wastes produced, the
percentage by weight, bulk density, and composition of the wastes. A selection was done to determine the energy
conversion technology. The electric power plant technology was then selected knowing the characterization of the
synthetic gas. The average waste generation was found to be 579 kg waste per day which has 29,062 kJ/kg calorific
value. The study shows that electricity could be generated from this waste by utilizing a Pyrolyzer - Rankine Cycle power
plant and is viable with a payback period of 5 years, and a Benefit-to-Cost ratio of 4. A business plan and enabling
environment for the establishment of the Pyrolyzer – Rankine Cycle power plant is recommended to be studied.

*IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 463, (2020) 012180, IOP Publishing Ltd, 06 April
2020. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/463/1/012180

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140 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

JOSE GABRIEL E. MERCADO
Apolonio P. and Lorna L. Yson Professorial
Chair in Engineering

Jose Gabriel E. Mercado holds his BS (2011) and his MS (2016) from the University of the Philippines-Diliman (UP
Diliman), both in Mechanical Engineering. Currently he is an assistant professor at UP Diliman. His research interests
are Biofuels, Renewable Energy, Thermofluids and Heat Transfer. The latest research output he published presented the
performance and emission of a CRDi passenger van fueled with Coconut Methyl Ester-Diesel Blends.

INVESTIGATIVE OF PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION OF A CRDI PASSENGER VAN
FUELLED WITH COCONUT METHYL-ESTER-DIESEL BLENDS USING DRIVE
CYCLE AND STEADY SPEED OPERATION

For the past years, Different Philippine local regulations have been imposed to address oil importation and to address environment
concerns. One requirement is reduced emission from diesel engines and at the same time reduce the use of fossil fuels for the. In
accordance with the Clean Air Act and the Biofuels Act, The Philippine government is looking for possible alternatives to fossil fuels.
One of the biodiesels the country is currently using is coconut methyl ester due to the abundance of coconut trees in the country. This
research shows the performance and emission characteristics of diesel blended with coconut methyl ester in a CRDi Passenger van
and will help the government justify the increase in blend percentage mandated in commercial fuels.
This study investigates 0%, 2%, 5% 10% and 20% Coconut Methyl Ester (CME)-diesel blends. The experiment consisted of Japanese
10-15 standard drive cycle test, steady state test at 40, 60, & 80 kph was performed in the Vehicle Research and Testing Laboratory in
the University of the Philippines Diliman equipped with chassis dynamometer, fuel flow meter and emissions analyzer. Performance
parameters measured are Power, Specific Fuel Consumption and Mileage, while emission characteristics for CO, NOx, THC are
measured. PM measurements were not measured for this experiment.
In both Drive cycle and steady state test specific fuel consumption and mileage improved with addition of CME, however results
showed they are independent of CME percentage. The best improvement was observed with 5%CME blended with neat diesel at 4.8%
and 8.5% for drive cycle and steady state test, respectively.
Majority of the CME-diesel blends showed decrease in emission specifically in CO and THC emission which is consistent to published
literature. For both steady state test and drive cycle test up to 29.5% decrease inn CO and up to 64% decrease in THC was observed.
This can be attributed to the overall lean mixtures and in the increase of oxygenated fuel at higher CME blends. NOx emission
however is consistent for all fuel blends in the drive cycle test while for the steady state test NOx emission is dependent on the engine
speed. Decreasing trend was obtained for 40 and 60 km/h while increasing trend was obtained at 80 km/h, with respect to %CME.
Average power produced for all the speeds was basically constant for all the blends as compared with neat diesel. Lastly, maximum
power showed insignificant changes although majority of the blends showed a minimal power reduction as compared to neat diesel.

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 141

EDWIN N. QUIROS, PhD.
Federico E. Puno 2 Professorial Chair

Edwin N. Quiros is a professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, UP-Diliman and faculty-in-charge of
the university’ s Vehicle Research and Testing Laboratory (UP-VRTL). He obtained his BSME (1982) and Ph.D. in Energy
Engineering (1989) from UP- Diliman after completing his research work on a toroidal diesel combustion chamber
concept at the Engine Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison in 1985-88. He currently teaches courses in
thermodynamics and internal combustion engines. Dr. Quiros was part of the technical training management team at
UP NEC and other private companies. He has worked as technical assistant to plant managers in two cement plants
and engineering manager in a 240-MW diesel power plant. He was involved in tender document preparations, bid
evaluation, and contract negotiations for the first 25-MW wind farm in the Philippines. He spearheaded the
establishment of the UP-VRTL in 2008 and has since conducted testing of aftermarket fuel-saving and/or emissions-
reduction automotive products including biofuels. He is currently active in conducting research on and technology
assessment of alternative/renewable fuels and automotive propulsion technologies for various government agencies in
aid of policy/program formulation, regulation, and implementation especially for public transport.

FUEL ECONOMY AND EMISSIONS OF PHILIPPINE CME-DIESEL BLENDS FROM
DRIVE CYCLE AND STEADY SPEED OPERATION

This paper presents a study on the effects of transient and steady-state vehicle operation on fuel economy
and emissions trends of an in-use Euro 2 Asian utility vehicle in the Philippines, with a normally aspirated
direct-injection engine, and fueled with different CME-diesel blends designated as B1, B2, B3, B5, B10, B20,
B50, & B100 corresponding to increasing CME percentage blends. The vehicle was driven on a chassis
dynamometer following the Japanese 10-15 Mode drive cycle and at steady speeds of 40, 60, & 80 kph for
fuel consumption and CO, NOx, and THC measurements. PM measurements were not undertaken. Drive
cycle results showed that adding CME up to 20% by volume (B20) has a small effect on the heating values,
specific fuel consumption (SFC), fuel economy (FE), and maximum power. Relative to neat diesel, the increase
in SFC, lower FE and power beyond B20 were attributed to lower heating values at higher blends. CO was
practically constant while THC and NOx generally decreased with increasing CME blends. The CO and THC
trends were ascribed to overall lean mixtures and increased amount of oxygenated fuel at higher CME blends.
B20 yielded the most emissions reduction without performance loss. Steady speed results indicated for all
blends, SFC increased with vehicle speed due to higher road load. Above B10, SFC went beyond 5% higher
than that for neat diesel and is attributed to lowered heating values of higher blends. The SFC of blends up to
B10 approached that of neat diesel as speed increased suggesting more diesel-like combustion
characteristics. The blend fuel economy showed an inverse relationship to SFC as expected. Both CO and
NOx exhibited slightly decreasing trends with higher blends at all speeds. For a given blend, CO decreased
while NOx increased as speed went higher. THC followed bowl-shaped trendlines with blend ratio. THC was
high for neat diesel going lowest at B5-B10 and upwards again beyond B10. For a given blend, THC emissions
decreased with increasing vehicle speed.

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142 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

JOSEPH GERARD T. REYES, PhD.
Leopoldo V. Abis Professorial Chair

Associate Professor Joseph Gerard T. Reyes graduated with a degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical engineering, Master of Science in
Mechanical engineering and Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Engineering, all from the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City.
He has accumulated twenty-six years of teaching experience at the UP Department of Mechanical Engineering, as well as in the Energy
Engineering and Environmental Engineering Programs of the UP National Graduate School of Engineering. He is also a former chairman of the UP
Department of Mechanical Engineering and the former Associate Dean for Student Affairs of the UP College of Engineering. He was also an
affiliate professor of the UP Technology Management Center. Currently, Dr. Reyes is the air quality track head of the Environmental Engineering
program of the UPNGSE.

Dr. Reyes has also worked with industry as plant operations management coordinator, facilities manager, and technical training officer,
respectively in various locally-based companies. Aside from his academic qualifications, he is a certified watergy auditor under the USAID and a
certified energy management trainor of the ASEAN Energy Managers Accreditation Scheme (AEMAS). Dr. Reyes is also a regular resource person
of the Professional Certificate in Facilities Management program and other professional courses of the UP National Engineering Center since 2000.
He also served as a resource person for the Energy Audit course of the Energy Efficiency Practitioners Association of the Philippines (ENPAP).

Dr. Reyes areas of specialization are in machine design, industrial and commercial plant equipment and processes, manufacturing processes,
refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, energy conversion systems, facility engineering and management, energy efficiency, and air quality.

AN ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING TEMPERATURE DISTIBUTION
IN AIR-CONDITIONED OFFICES FOR DETERMINATION OF BASELINE ENERGY
EFFICIENCY INDEX

Energy audits are performed in facilities to determine baseline energy consumption data in order to
enable analysis and formulation of solutions toward improvements in energy efficiencies of said
facilities. Audit methodologies are formulated based on the energy efficiency index (EEI), which
varies for different systems and which are selected based on performance factors specified for the
system. For office air conditioning systems, it was seen that the key parameter is the ergonomic
temperature, thus, the proposed EEI for this type of system is the amount of energy consumed to
produce the required indoor air temperature for a given period of operation. From this proposed
index, a method of assessing uniformity of air temperature in an air-conditioned office was developed
and tested in two separate facilities. The results of these tests would enable energy auditors and
other stakeholders to assess sources of performance problems and generate solutions to address
these sources.

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 143

DME PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARDS COLLOQUIUM

November 9, 2020

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144 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD
UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 145

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

146 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

ALBERTO V. AMORSOLO JR.
Philex Mining Corporation Professorial Chair I

Dr. Alberto V. Amorsolo, Jr. has been a regular faculty member since 1981 of the UP Department of Mining,
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering who holds the rank of Professor 12. He earned his M.S. and Ph.D. Materials
Science degrees from the University of Rochester in 1994 and 1997, respectively as DOST ESEP Scholar. He also earned
his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of the Philippines in 1981 and 1987,
respectively. He is recipient of the 2020 Philex Mining Corporation UP Centennial Professorial Chair 1 Award. He has
completed researches on shape memory alloy synthesis via electroplating-annealing route, lead-free solder alloy
systems, surface modification of polymer materials, and titanium silicide thin films, among other topics. He has keen
interest in the characterization of materials by X-ray diffraction methods and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and
applications of thin films in the microelectronics industry.

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CU–ZN–SN SHAPE MEMORY
ALLOYS VIA AN ELECTRODEPOSITION–ANNEALING ROUTE

Cu–Zn–Sn shape memory alloys (SMAs) with an average composition of 56.0at%, 36.1at%, and
7.9at% for Cu, Zn, and Sn, respectively, were successfully fabricated via an electrodeposition–
annealing route. The produced SMAs were assessed for shape memory response in terms of
percent displacement (martensite phase recovery) by subjecting the ternary alloys to flame tests and
subsequently characterizing them via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy,
scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X
-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The flame tests showed that the highest displacement was ca. 93%,
with average austenite and martensitic start transformation temperature of 225°C and 222°C,
respectively. XRD analysis revealed that the intermetallic phases responsible for the observed shape
memory properties have substitutional Zn in the lattice occupied by Cu and Sn, leading to the
formation of Cu(Zn,Sn) and Cu6(Zn,Sn)5 variants. The formation of these variants was attributed to
the faster interdiffusion of Cu into Sn, driven by an activation energy of 34.82 kJ·mol∞1. Five cycles of
repeated torching–annealing revealed an essentially constant shape memory response, suggesting
that the fabricated SMAs were consistent and sufficiently reliable for their intended service
application.

*International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 26, Number 11, November 2019, Page 1436 https://
doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1886-6

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

DEPARTMENT OF MINING, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 147

KARLO LEANDRO D. BALADAD
Dr. Meliton U. Ordillas Jr. Professorial Chair in
Metallurgical

Assistant Professor Karlo Leandro D. Baladad has been serving as a full-time faculty member from the Department of
Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering since 2013. He earned his Bachelor of Science in Metallurgical
Enginering and Master of Science in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of the Philippines Diliman.
To advance his learning, he also took part in short study programs in Hokkaido University and Akita University in
Japan. These training has increased his knowledge on research practices relating the recovery of metals from
electronic wastes.

Engr. Baladad also served as a study leader in the DOST-UP MinERS Project A which studied Non-Hazardous Methods
of Gold Extraction for Small Scale Mining Applications.

Currently, he is serving as the Program Coordinator for the Metallurgical Engineering program. He has also been
appointed as the Assistant Chairperson of the Department.

HIGH-VALUE RECYCLING OF SILVER FROM WASTE SOLAR PANELS USING
CONCENTRATION AND LEACHING METHODS

The Philippines has been experiencing a growth in the Solar Energy Industry in recent years. With
several investments and projects in this field, the country is rising to the top in Asia, obtaining
international recognition for its solar power efforts. This growth, however, comes inevitably with a rise
in the production of ewaste from solar panel technology. As the end-of-life of initial solar technology
installations in the Philippines approaches, recycling strategies for this form of electronic waste
should be explored and carefully studied. Not only should it prevent the build of waste but will also
provide industries an opportunity to gain additional profit through the recovery of precious metals
from solar technology waste. One recoverable metal component of solar panels is silver and its
recovery by high-value recycling can be potentially profitable. In this study, a hydrometallurgical
process for the extraction of silver from waste solar panels is proposed and includes the following
operations: pre-treatment, crushing, concentration, thiourea leaching, and precipitation of silver in
the form of silver sulfide. These unit processes and operations are proposed to be investigated along
with an exhaustive characterization of the solar panel waste. The main focus of the study would be to
establish a method that would optimize and determine the kinetics of silver recovery during leaching
as this is the stage where metal extraction occurs. The process design will also aims to provide a
more environmentally and economically friendly path well-suited for the Philippines.

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

148 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

MARY DONNABELLE L. BALELA
Robert Cheng/Uratex Professorial Chair

Dr. Mary Donnabelle Balela is a Full Professor at the Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
(DMMME), University of the Philippines-Diliman. She is a graduate of BS Metallurgical Engineering from UP in 2004, MS
Materials Engineering from the Universiti Sains Malaysia in 2008 and PhD Materials Science and Engineering from
Kyoto University in 2011. She is the head of the Sustainable Electronic Materials Group, which aims to develop low-cost
synthesis processes for various advanced functional materials for energy, environment and electronic applications. She
has more than 10 years of experience in the field of nanomaterial synthesis. Her more notable works are on the
development of transparent flexible optoelectronic devices based on metal nanowires and customizable kapok fiber
sorbents for targeted removal of water pollutants. Both of these works have garnered national and international
recognition. She recently received the Encourage Award in the 2020 Hitachi Innovation Asia Award for her work on
kapok. She is the runner-up in the 2019 ASEAN-US Science Prize for Women, 2019 Department of Science and
Technology National Science and Technology Week Outstanding Research and Development Awardee for Applied
Research (for Ag nanowires), 2018 University of the Philippines Outstanding Engineering Researcher, 2017- 2019
University of the Philippines Scientist, 2016 National Academy of Science and Technology-Outstanding Young Scientist
for Materials Science and Engineering. Since returning to UP Diliman in 2012, she has led and completed 14 big and
small research projects.

ADSORPTION OF ANIONIC METHYL ORANGE DYE AND LEAD (II) HEAVY METAL
ION BY POLYANILINE-KAPOK FIBER NANOCOMPOSITE

Low value natural hollow kapok fibers (KpF) were utilized as support for the synthesis of highly
efficient polyaniline (PANI)-based adsorbents for heavy metal and ionic dye pollutants. The PANI-
kapok (PANI-KpF) nanocomposite was prepared via in situ polymerization of aniline monomer in
acidic condition using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the oxidizing agent. The morphology, wetting
property and adsorption capacity of the PANI-KpF nanocomposites were tailored by performing
NaClO2 pre-treatment and varying the APS to aniline ratio during coating. NaClO2 pre-treatment was
found to promote the adhesion of aniline monomer on the surface of kapok, leading to high quality
coating. On the other hand, the nanocomposite with [APS]/[aniline] = 1.4 exhibited the highest
adsorption capacity. The effects of adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, contact time, initial dye and
heavy metal concentrations, and temperature were investigated through batch adsorption
experiments. Kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption of MO and Pb(II) onto the PANI-KpF
nanocomposite agrees well with the pseudo second order kinetic model. Equilibrium isotherm
studies show that the adsorption of both model pollutants follows the Langmuir isotherm model, and
the calculated monolayer adsorption capacities are 136.75 and 63.60 mg/g for MO and Pb(II),
respectively. Thermodynamic studies reveal that the adsorption of MO and Pb(II) are both
endothermic and spontaneous.

*Materials Chemistry and Physics Volume 243, 1 March 2020, 122682
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.122682

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DEPARTMENT OF MINING, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 149

JAN LOWELL P. BUQUIZ
Marithe Girbaud Professorial Chair

Engr. Buquiz is an Assistant Professor of the Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering of the
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City.

His field of specialization covers physical metallurgy, adaptive metallurgy, metallography, and corrosion. His research
areas of interest are microstructure development, metalworking, failure analysis, and wastewater treatment.

Asst. Prof Buquiz obtained both his Masters in Metallurgical Engineering and Bachelor of Science in Metallurgical
Engineering from the University of the Philippines.

REMOVAL OF CU (II) IONS FROM SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER SOLUTIONS USING
IPIL-IPIL (LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA) SEEDS

Oxidation of the sulfide minerals from the reactive mine tailings release sulfuric acid and heavy
metals such as arsenic, iron, and copper contaminating soil and water sources. In this study, Ipil-ipil
seeds have been used to remove Cu (II) ions from synthetic wastewaters. Batch adsorption tests
were conducted at varying initial ion concentrations and contact time. Kinetic and isotherm models
were used to understand the adsorption mechanism. Results showed that both increasing the
contact time and decreasing the initial Cu (II) concentration increase the adsorption capacity. Kinetic
modeling showed that the biosorption of Cu (II) ions on Ipil-ipil seeds follow a pseudo-second order
reaction. The adsorption rate also decreased when the initial ion concentrations were increased.
Isotherm modeling determined that the Cu (II) ions form a monoloyer on the adsorbent surface as
suggested by the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity was also determined to be
10.99 mg/g based on the Langmuir model. In addition, the separation factor values indicated
favorability of the adsorption process at all initial ion concentration. Lastly, the constant associated
with the heat of sorption derived from the Temkin model suggested that adsorption process was
endothermic and that physical interactions played an important role on the adsorption mechanism.

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

150 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

RINLEE BUTCH M. CERVERA, PhD.
Cleantech Global Renewable Inc. Professorial
Chair in Renewable Energy

Dr. Cervera is an Assoc. Professor and lab head of the Energy Storage & Conversion Materials Research Laboratory at
the Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, and the current program coordinator of the Energy
Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman.

He received his BS degree in Materials Engineering at the University of the Philippines Diliman (Cum Laude), M.S. degree
in Materials Engineering at the University of Science Malaysia, and Ph.D. Degree in Materials Engineering at the
University of Tokyo, Japan. He also did a postdoctoral study at the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) in
Tsukuba, Japan and at the University of Tokyo.

Dr. Cervera returned in the Philippines as a Balik-Scientist Awardee of DOST in 2012 where he has fostered a research
laboratory in energy related materials and devices. He is the founding President of the Institute of Materials Engineers
of the Philippines (IMEP) Inc. Among his notable awards are Outstanding Young Scientist of 2018 by the National
Academy of Science & Technology, 2018 UP Alumni Engineers Professional Degree Awardee for Materials Engineering,
2019 Outstanding Engineering Researcher of COE, UPD, and 2020 as UP Scientist. He is also the current Editor-in-Chief
of the Philippine Engineering Journal (PEJ).

HIGHLY CONDUCTING SC AND Y CO-DOPED ZRO2 THIN FILM SOLID
ELECTROLYTE ON A POROUS NI/YSZ ELECTRODE PREPARED VIA SIMPLE DROP

COATING METHOD

Dense and crack-free thin film solid electrolyte of scandium and yttrium co doped zirconia
(Sc0.08Y0.08Zr0.84O1.92) or 4S4YSZ has been successfully deposited on a NiO-YSZ porous
electrode substrate via simple drop-coating deposition method. The 4S4YSZ precursor powder was
synthesized using sol-gel method and the NiO-YSZ substrate, with 1:1 wt% composition, was
prepared via modified glycine-nitrate combustion method. The NiO-YSZ substrates were pre-sintered
at different temperatures, 1000 °C and 1300 °C, to investigate the effect on the thin film deposition
and its microstructure. XRD results showed that both 4S4YSZ and NiO-YSZ exhibited a cubic crystal
structure with no observable impurity peaks. SEM-EDS revealed a dense morphology of 4S4YSZ thin
film with thickness of about 7μm after sintering while maintaining a desirable porous NiO-YSZ
microstructure of the electrode substrate for the 1000 °C pre-sintered substrate as compared to a
still porous solid electrolyte for the higher substrate pre-sintering temperature at 1300 °C. And from
the conductivity measurements using EIS, the 4S4YSZ thin film revealed a notable high total
conductivity of about 1.2x10-1 Scm-1 at 700 °C with 0.73 eV activation energy. Reduction of NiO/
YSZ to Ni/YSZ further increases the porosity of the electrode substrate while maintaining a dense
solid electrolyte thin film.

*Ceramics International Volume 46, Issue 8, Part A, 1 June 2020, Pages 10561-10567
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.058

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DEPARTMENT OF MINING, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 151

ELIGIA D. CLEMENTE, PhD.
Semirara Professorial Chair in Wall Mining

Dr. Eligia D. Clemente, or Doc Bebeng is a professor at the Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering and the Environmental Engineering Program.

She is currently active in the environmental engineering field, focusing on environmental problems in the mining and
mineral processing industry. Her active involvement in projects on policy development with government agencies such
as the Philippine Institute for Development Studies and the Development Academy of the Philippines have led her to
focus researches involving the improvement of socio-cultural and economic factors in mining. The current curriculum
for the 4-yr course n Mining Enginering has integrated these subject matters into their courses.

Doc Bebeng finished her undergraduate and graduate course in Metallurgical Engineering in UP and has been teaching
MetE, MatE and EM courses since she started teaching in the Year 2000 after having been employed as a University
Research Assistant. Her background in materials characterization was founded on her experience with Ostrea Mineral
Laboratories, Inc. under the mentorship of Dr. Antonio M. Ostrea, a renowned MetE practitioner in the Philippines.

USING A MODIFIED GLOBAL REPORTING INITIATIVE MODEL FOR EVALUATING
THE SUSTAINABILITY OF MINING PRACTICES IN CENTRAL LUZON,
PHILIPPINES

The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) has been the basis of measuring the sustainability issue for the extractive
industries since it was proposed by in 1997. The framework for the GRI offers a holistic approach which inter-
relates economic, socio-cultural, and environmental issues rather than just the technical issues used as the primary
focus of mine audits. With the issuance of the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the Philippine Mining
Act (PMA), technical issues took a backseat, with the environment, society vis-a-vis economy getting the primary
attention. The country’s goal to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in the next years,
though not part of the GRI can also be achieved with compliance to the PMA IRR. This study is an attempt to use a
modified GRI Model to integrate extractives industry audits with attainment of the SDG and to assess the extractives
industry impact to the communities in Central Luzon where several mines are currently suspended. Primary and
secondary data were sourced from interviews with key informants from stakeholder groups, focus group
discussions and review of existing data from government agencies and non-government organizations such as the
Philippines Extractives Industry Transparency Initiatives (PH EITI). Results show that the modified GRI framework
was able to address issues related to the UN SDGs while at the same time assessing the current impacts of the
mine suspensions/closures in the region. Based on the model, th expectations of the community from the mining
companies do not recognize the reality that with the current suspension situation, funds due to them will have to be
limited since no expenses for operations have been incurred. It is highly recommended that a more in-depth study
of the local community and regional social and environmental effects be thoroughly studied with the timely
provision of data from the agencies covering the audits and reporting. Transparency is a key feature of the model
which needs to be improved.

*11th Regional Conference on Geological and Geo-Resources Engineering 2-3 October 2019, Eastwood Richmonde
Hotel, Quezon CUitPy,CPOhEiliTpEpCinHeNsICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

152 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

JOHN KENNETH A. CRUZ
Crisostomo A. Ortigas Professorial Chair

John Kenneth Cruz is an Assistant Professor of the Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City.
His research interests include water quality and remediation, biomaterials, and product design. Currently, he heads
Project Daluyan, which aims to characterize the water quality and hydrology of Boac river in Marinduque.
Asst. Prof. Cruz graduated magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Science in Materials Engineering and a Master of
Science in Materials Science and Engineering from UP Diliman. He received the Outstanding Engineering Instructor
award from the College of Engineering, UP Diliman in 2015.

PROJECT DALUYAN: WATER QUALITY, HYDROLOGY AND
HYDRAULIC ANALYSES OF BOAC RIVER, MARINDUQUE

Boac river in Marinduque was one of the highly affected water bodies during the Marcopper disaster
in March 24, 1996 where millions of tons of toxic waste spilled after the collapse of a mine pit. No
comprehensive rehabilitation was conducted, which negatively impacts the lives of the communities
to this day. This study aims to assess the water quality of Boac river and to delineate areas
contributing to the river. Two 24-hour monitoring sessions with a four-hour interval were conducted
in November 2019. Sampling points were in barangays Hinapulan (upstream), Canat, Balimbing, and
Tabigue (downstream). Parameters such as pH (7.2–7.8) and temperature (27.0–29.8 °C) were found
to be within the acceptable range under DENR Standards. However, the water conductivity (596.9–
808.9 µS/cm) was much higher than the acceptable values for a freshwater body. The high
concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions categorize the water from Boac river to be very hard.
Moreover, manganese (139.8–1072.9 ppb), copper (234.9–654.7 ppb), arsenic (11.3–48.2 ppb), lead
(60.7–162.4 ppb), and mercury (72.4–912.4 ppb), with the latter three ions considered as highly
toxic, showed concentrations above their threshold limits. Hydrological analysis using QGIS software,
revealed that a total of 214.852 km2 of area contribute to the water along Boac river. Lastly, it was
calculated that the time for the water to travel from Hinapulan to Tabigue is around 12.56 hours.

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DEPARTMENT OF MINING, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 153

MARK JEFFRY D. DE LEON
Benguet Management Corporation Professorial
Chair

Materials engineer by training, educator by profession. Currently an assistant professor in the Department of Mining,
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering in the University of the Philippines - Diliman.

Primary research interest is in the design and fabrication of low cost atmospheric pressure plasma systems for use in
materials surface modification.

COLD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA JET TREATMENT OF POLYVINYL
CHLORIDE FOR IMPROVED PAINT ADHESION

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets (CAPPJs) are devices which can be used to treat the surface
of materials using plasma discharges while avoiding the effects of vacuum and heat application.
CAPPJs can be used to modify the surface of polymers, tuning their hydrophilicity thus improving the
adhesion of substances to the surface. In this work, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets were treated with
a CAPPJ device developed by the authors powered by a low-frequency neon transformer. The effect
of the plasma jet treatment on the surface properties of PVC as well as the adhesion of water-based
paint onto the surface was then studied. PVC sheets (1 x 1 cm2) were treated using the CAPPJ
device with varying exposure times (5 seconds to 1 minute) and process gas used (air and nitrogen
gas). The hydrophilicity of the substrates increased with longer plasma treatment which
corresponded to an increase in the surface energy. From FTIR and XPS analysis, it was seen that
chemical modification of the surface was achieved by the removal of chloride groups and the
introduction of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Due to these new functionalities, the adhesion of water
-based paint was improved after CAPPJ treatment.

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

154 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

EDEN MAY B. DELA PEÑA, PhD
Antonio and Lourdes Tanchuling Mining
Engineering Centennial Professorial Chair

Dr. Eden May B. Dela Peña finished her bachelor’s degree in Materials Engineering and a master’s degree in
Metallurgical Engineering from the University of the Philippines, Diliman Quezon City. She obtained her Ph.D. from the
University of Strathclyde in Scotland, the United Kingdom, with a degree in Chemical and Process Engineering
(Materials Track). She is currently a tenured faculty in the Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials
Engineering, UP Diliman and the current Associate Dean for Public Service of the UP College of Engineering.
Dr. Dela Peña established her laboratory called the Sustainable Electrochemical Technologies Laboratory (SETLab).
SETLAb is now a training ground for both undergraduate and graduate students. Dr. Dela Pena has excelled in
electroplating, particularly in the field of fast-kinetics plating and plating additives. Some of her research interests
include surface coating technologies, electrochemistry, biomaterials, nanotechnology, corrosion studies, and green and
sustainable technologies.

TOWARDS A GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE ELECTROPOLISHING TECHNOLOGY:
FILIPINO STUDIES ON THE APPLICATION OF CHOLINE CHLORIDE-BASED
SOLVENTS FOR ELECTROPOLISHING ALUMINUM

In this study, electropolishing of aluminum was performed using ethaline, an ionic liquid mixture of
choline chloride and ethylene glycol, as polishing electrolyte. Polishing was conducted using a two-
electrode system at electrode potentials of 4.5 V and 6.0 V. Electropolishing removed pre treatment
artefacts such as scratches and yielded a smooth aluminum surface. Surface analysis revealed the
presence of nodular or hemispherical features in the electropolished metal. Surface roughness
measurements indicate optimum electropolishing time of 25 minutes and 15 minutes at potentials of
4.3 V and 6.0 V, respectively. Ethaline is a promising ionic liquid electrolyte for electropolishing
aluminum.

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DEPARTMENT OF MINING, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 155

LESLIE JOY L. DIAZ, DR. ENG.
Integrated Microelectronics Inc. (IMI)
Professorial Chair

Leslie Diaz is a professor at the Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering of the University of the
Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, particularly teaching subjects undergraduate subjects in Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering; and graduate-level subjects in Materials Science and Engineering and Environmental Engineering. She has
been recently recognized by the UP College of Engineering as the Outstanding Engineering Professor for 2020.

Her field of specialization covers materials science, materials processing; composite materials design and fabrication;
materials characterization and testing; as well as material failure investigation and analysis. These specialization are
applied into research and technical services that could contribute to upgrading locally available resources for various
applications, especially in synthesis of green materials and applications for environmental remediation and treatment,
as well as in synthesis of biomaterials and applications in biomedical devices.

Dr. Diaz graduated with a doctor of engineering in Materials Science and Engineering from Tokyo Institute of
Technology. She obtained her master’s degree in Metallurgical Engineering and Bachelor of Science in Metallurgical
Engineering from the University of the Philippines.

EFFECT OF PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON THE DIAMETER
AND MORPHOLOGY OF ELECTROSPUN IRON-MODIFIED MONTMORILLONITE

(FE-MMT)/POLYCAPROLACTONE NANOFIBERS

Iron-modified montmorillonite-filled polycaprolactone nanofiber mats were produced via electrospinning with
varying applied voltage, flow rate, needle-tip-to-collector distance, and needle diameter. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) was used to observe fiber morphology and characteristics. The effects of varying process
parameters on various fiber characteristics were evaluated using a two-level fractional factorial experimental
design. The effect of voltage on fiber diameter differed with varying flow rate. At 32 ml/hr, the average fiber
diameter decreased from 518.38 nm ± 289.37 nm to 466.43 nm ± 312.36 nm when the voltage is increased.
At 42 ml/hr the effect of voltage on fiber diameter was reversed. The average fiber diameter was also found to
decrease from 516.03 nm ± 283.48 nm to 467.96 nm ± 318.07 nm with decreasing tip-to-collector distance at
32 mL/hr flow rate. The variation of the effect of the factors on fiber diameter was mainly due to a significant
loss of material observed at 12 kV and 15 cm tip-to-collector distance. Bead formation was observed for all
runs with more beads being formed at 12 kV applied voltage and 15 cm tip-to collector distance. Spherical
beads were observed at 12 kV and 15 cm tip-to-collector distance while spindle-like beads were present in
nanofiber membranes spun at high voltage and at the combination of low voltage and low tip-to-collector
distance. The parameter setting combination of 19 kV, 32 ml/hr flow rate, 10 cm tip-to-collector distance, and
0.514 mm needle diameter yielded the lowest fiber diameter with the least amount of beading and small bead
size. Small fiber diameters and less beading provide larger surface area and more exposure of the Fe-MMT
particles for more efficient adsorption.

*Key Engineering Materials ISSN: 1662-9795, Vol. 846, pp 14-22 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.846.14

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

156 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

STAN KRISTAN G. EJERA
Domingo T. Toledo Professorial Chair

Engr. Stan Kristian Ejera is currently an Instructor at the Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering. In 2012, He finished BS Metallurgical Engineering in UP Diliman and he took MS Metallurgical Engineering
in 2013 in a Physical Metallurgy track. He Graduated with the highest marks in the Metallurgical Engineering Class of
2012. He is an Academic Awardee for Student Excellence at the Engineering Summit 2012. He worked as a QA
Metallurgical Engineer in the Philippine Batteries Incorporated.

GRAIN REFINEMENT OF AS-CAST HADFIELD STEEL FOR JAW CRUSHER
PLATES THROUGH POURING TEMPERATURE CONTROL AND MICRO-ALLOYING

Hadfield steel is a class of austenitic manganese steels known for their excellent toughness, ductility,
work hardening capability and wear resistance. This unique set of properties makes manganese steel
a prime choice for high impact and wear applications such as jaw crusher plates. This study aims to
investigate the effects of pouring temperature and micro alloying on the microstructure of as-cast
manganese steel. Two-inch (2”) specimens were cast at three different pouring temperatures.
Specimens were also micro-alloyed with Ti and Ce at the ladle just before pouring. Metallographic
analysis reveals that pouring temperature has a linear relationship with average grain diameter.
Lower pouring temperature aids grain refinement and thus improves the mechanical properties of
Hadfield steel. It was also shown that both Ti and Ce have significant effects on the average grain
diameter of the as-cast manganese steel. Addition of Ti promotes grain refinement however the
effect of Ce varies with pouring temperature. At lower pouring temperatures, Ce decreases grain size
while at higher pouring temperatures the opposite is true.

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DEPARTMENT OF MINING, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 157

RICHARD D.V. ESPIRITU
M.E. Sicat Professorial Chair

Dr. Espiritu is an Associate Professor of the Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering and has
obtained his PhD in Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials from Newcastle University, United Kingdom with
research focusing on membrane fabrication and characterization for fuel cell and electrolyzer application. He has also
performed stability and degradation studies of anion exchange membranes in both experimental and computational
investigations.

After finishing his PhD degree, Dr. Espiritu has handled several UP-funded projects involving experimental and
computational research on sustainable polymer materials for hydrogen production and electrochemical energy
systems. He has established his own research group, the Polymer Materials for Energy Research Laboratory – Poly
(MER) Lab. Dr. Espiritu has honed his expertise in anion exchange membrane fabrication via radiation grafting
technique and has published total of 10 papers to date and has a pending Utility Model claim.

FABRICATION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE-BASED RADIATION GRAFTED ANION
EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATION

Novel cellulose acetate-based anion exchange membranes (CA-AEM) are successfully synthesized
via gamma radiation grafting as a possible renewable alternative to commercial AEMs. Using CA film
precursors with degree of acetylation of 2.5, the synthesized AEM shows a high ion exchange
capacity of 2.15 mmol/g obtained at high degree of grafting of 45%. It was determined using
thermogravimetric analysis that the radiation grafted CA-AEM has stable amine functional groups
under oxygen environment within the normal operating temperature range of alkaline fuel cells. The
CA-AEM also exhibits appreciable performance over a range of temperatures, with a highest ionic
conductivity of up to 0.163 S/cm depending on the synthesis parameters. Results revealed that
membranes prepared using gamma radiation dose of 31 kGy and above are susceptible to
mechanical and dimensional instability due to increased water uptake and degree of swelling. Further
study should consider the balance between grafting parameters and the desired hydrophysical
properties.

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

158 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

EDUARDO R. MAGDALUYO JR.
Dean Oscar P. Baguio Professorial Chair

Prof. Magdaluyo is an Associate Professor of the Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering of the
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City.
His field of specialization covers materials synthesis, product design and fabrication of engineering materials for energy,
biomedical, construction and environmental applications.
Prof. Magdaluyo obtained his masters in Materials Science and Engineering and Bachelor of Science in Materials
Engineering from the University of the Philippines.

MATERIAL SELECTION AND DESIGN OF EXTERNAL FIXATOR CLAMP FOR
METACARPAL FRACTURES

Metacarpal fractures are one of the most common types of fractures, comprising nearly 20% of
emergency room visits. These types of fractures, however, are often neglected and left untreated.
The lack of treatment, which usually due to high cost, may lead to deformities and disabilities for the
affected patient. This study involved material selection and design of a miniature external fixator that
may be easily manufactured, leading to improved accessibility and affordability. The study used
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) multi-criteria decision
making method to screen candidate materials and determine which materials were the most suitable
to the desired application. For a metallic fixator, Ti6Al4V was identified to be the best material and for
a polymer-based fixator, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was found to be the most suitable. A
design was also developed to serve as a basis for prototype.

*Materials Today: Proceedings (Accepted: 6 June 2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.129

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DEPARTMENT OF MINING, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 159

JOY MIRASOL F. MANIAUL
SR Metals Professorial Chair

Engr. Joy Marisol F. Maniaul is currently an Instructor at the Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering.

Engr. Maniaul obtained her Bachelor of Science Metallurgical Engineering from the University of the Philippines Diliman
in 2013 and garnered the top 10th place of the August 2013 Metallurgical Engineer Licensure Examination.

FABRICATION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE-BASED RADIATION GRAFTED ANION
EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATION

Refractory gold ores are those that cannot be effectively leached with simple cyanidation alone. This
is because the presence of sulfides in gold ores could either increase oxygen or cyanide
consumption. Several pre-treatment processes are usually done in metallurgical processing plants
such as roasting, flotation, pressure- and bio-oxidation. The effort of improving gold recovery from
such methods entails more operating cost. One of the promising venues yet to be explored in
modern metallurgy is the use of enzymes as additives in processes that could significantly improve
the recoveries of base metals. This study aims to investigate the effect of a plant based enzyme on
the overall gold dissolution in the cyanidation of sulfidic gold-bearing ore from Lepanto Consolidated
Mining Company by using a banana-based enzyme as an additive. Cyanidation tests using the bottle
roll method was used to measure the performance of adding the enzyme during the leaching of the
gold ore. Results showed that the presence of the enzyme in the dissolution of gold increased
recovery and increased cyanide consumptions. Additionally, increasing enzyme dosage also
increased the amount of gold dissolved in the system. Thus, through comparison of recoveries,
results showed that addition of enzyme to the cyanidation process significantly increased gold
dissolution.

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

160 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

TERENCE LUCERO F. MENOR
Willy Lim Bon Teck Engineering Mining
Centennial Professorial Chair

Engr. Terence Lucero F. Menor is currently an Assistant Professor at the Department of Mining, Metallurgical and
Materials Engineering in University of the Philippines Diliman.
Engr. Menor obtained his Master’s Degree in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of the Philippines Diliman.
He also obtained his Bachelor’s Degree in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of the Philippines Diliman and
finished as a Magna cum Laude.

LEACHING BEHAVIOR OF IRON, NICKEL, CHROMIUM, AND MANGANESE IN
GOETHITIC LATERITE WITH SULFURIC ACID

Recent increase in demand for nickel is primarily driven by the battery production of electric
vehicles. One requirement for this application is the production of nickel of high purity. This is a
major challenge for atmospheric leaching as the process produces leach solutions with significant
amount of impurities. In this study, the leaching behavior of iron, nickel, chromium, and manganese
in goethitic laterite using sulfuric acid was investigated. The effect of time and temperature was also
determined. Results showed that both time and temperature have significant effect on the recovery
of the metals, with temperature being the most significant. Highest recovery obtained was at leaching
conditions of 80°C and 10 hours with recoveries of 46.1%, 49.8%, 33.2% and 62.7% for iron, nickel,
chromium, and manganese, respectively. A correlation on the recovery of iron with nickel, chromium
and cobalt was observed. This correlation is attributed to the uniform isomorphous substitution of
these metal ions for Fe3+ in the goethite structure, indicating that selective atmospheric leaching of
nickel in goethitic laterite is difficult.

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DEPARTMENT OF MINING, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 161

CANDY C. MERCADO, PhD.
PHINMA Foundation Professorial Chair

Dr. Mercado is an Associate Professor and the chairperson of the Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials
Engineering of the University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City.

Her field of specialization covers materials science, physical metallurgy, photovoltaics, photoelectrochemistry, and
optical spectroscopy. The research areas that are of interest are active nanomaterials, solar water splitting, photoactive
materials, nanostructures, charge transport, renewable energy, and materials simulation.

Dr. Mercado graduated with a doctor of philosophy in Materials Science from Washington State University. She
obtained her masters in Materials Science and Engineering and Bachelor of Science in Metallurgical Engineering from
the University of the Philippines.

FABRICATION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE-BASED RADIATION GRAFTED ANION
EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATION

The advancement of lead-free piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) for flexible electronics
necessitates designing more efficient systems for improved energy storage capacity. In this light, the
effects of patterning BaTiO3 nanotubes within PENG on the electromechanical properties of the
device were investigated. The PENGs comprised a sandwich structure of Ti– BaTiO3–graphite–Ti
encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane. Four patterns of vertically aligned BaTiO3 nanotubes were
synthesized via the hydrothermal conversion of selectively-anodized TiO2 nanotubes. The highest
output voltage reached up to 1.9 V. Decreasing the nanotube array spacing and pattern diameter
increased the lateral displacement of BaTiO3 therefore, increasing the output voltage of the device.

*MRS Communications Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2020, Pages 500-505 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2020.54

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162 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

IVY ANN C. RAZONADO
Semirara Mining & Power Corporation
Professorial Chair

Ivy Ann C. Razonado is an Assistant Professor and the BS MatE Program Coordinator of the Department of Mining,
Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering of the University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City.

Her field of specialization covers materials science, nanomaterials, composites and green materials.

Asst. Prof. Razonado obtained her MS degree in Materials Science and Engineering and her Bachelor of Science in
Materials Engineering from the University of the Philippines.

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT IN POLYMER-
CLAY NANOCOMPOSITE USING CASTING TECHNIQUES

Nowadays, there is a need for efficiency and miniaturization in electronic products. However, in the chip level,
heat dissipation can limit the performance of these gadgets. Semiconductor industries addressed this thermal
management challenge by using thermal interface material. Previous studies have shown that polymer-clay
nanocomposite has an enhanced thermal conductivity which can be used as a thermal interface material. In
this study, the aim was to determine the effect of casting techniques on the microstructure and thermal
conductivity of the polymer-clay nanocomposites. Solution intercalation method was used in fabricating the
5vol% polymer-clay nanocomposite. Organo-modified montmorillonite (MMT) was dispersed in unsaturated
polyester (UP) matrix by means of high frequency ultrasonication and formed using two casting techniques;
mold casting and tape casting. Results showed a slight increase in the thermal conductivity coefficient of the
tape-casted samples at 2.99 W/m-K compared to the mold-casted samples at 2.87 W/m-K. Transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) results exhibited dispersed microstructure for both
casting techniques. Polymer intercalation of ~16% increase in d-spacing of clay for mold-casted samples and
with a ~20% increase in d-spacing of clay for tape-casted samples were observed. With these microstructure
modifications, the increase in the thermal conductivity coefficient of the tape-casted samples can be attributed
to the shear force employed by the tape casting technique.

*Materials Science Forum ISSN: 1662-9752, Volume 995, June 2020, Pages 15-20
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.995.15

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DEPARTMENT OF MINING, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 163

MAGDALENO R. VASQUEZ JR., PhD.
Filminera Professorial Chair in Mining
Engineering

Dr. Vasquez earned his BS ChE and MS MSE degrees from the UP Diliman and his Doctor of Engineering degree from
Doshisha University. His research interests include plasma science, ion sources, and charged particle-material
interactions. His current focus is on the development of affordable plasma and ion source systems for material
synthesis and modification especially those with practical and industrial relevance. After returning to UP Diliman, he
established the Plasma-Material Interactions Laboratory. He is currently the Director of the Technology Transfer and
Business Development Office of UP Diliman. He is the former Chairperson of DMMME, the past President of the
Vacuum Society of the Philippines, Councilor of the International Union of Vacuum Science, Technique, and
Applications, and delegate to the Asian African Association for Plasma Training. In 2018, he was conferred the title
Scientist by the university. In 2019, he was appointed as a University Innovation Fellow.

ENHANCEMENT OF PHOTODEGRADATION EFFICIENCY OF PVA/TIO2
NANOFIBER COMPOSITES VIA PLASMA TREATMENT

Anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)
nanofibers were fabricated for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) as the test analyte. 1
wt% TiO2 NPs were dispersed in 12 wt% PVA solution prior to electrospinning to form the
nanofibers. Raman spectroscopy implied the incorporation of the NPs into the nanofibers without
significant change in the chemical structure of either TiO2 or PVA. Scanning electron microscopy,
energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy revealed smooth, bead-
free, and continuous nanofibers, uniform NP distribution, and negligible NP agglomeration,
respectively. The effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the photodegradation efficiency of the PVA/
TiO2 was also investigated. Photodegradation of MB exhibited up to 30% increase in degradation
efficiency using the plasma-treated PVA/TiO2 nanofiber mats. The partially exposed immobilized
TiO2 NPs became more photocatalytically active while being supported by PVA nanofibers.
Immobilization of TiO2 NPs would allow reusability thereby extending its service life ideal for
environmental applications.

*Materials Today CommunicationsVolume 24, September 2020, 101183
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101183

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

164 PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARD

DMMME PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AWARDS COLLOQUIUM

November 9, 2020

Dr. Manolo G. Mena
Don Benito Yao Metallurgical Engineering Professorial Chair
Pitting Corrosion of Steinman Pins in Simulated Body Fluid

Dr. Richard DV. Espiritu
M.E. Sicat Professorial Chair
Fabrication of Steinman Pins in Simulated Body Fluid
Asst. Prof. John Kenneth A. Cruz
Crisostomo A. Ortigas Professorial Chair
Project Daluyan: Water Quality, Hydrology, and Analysis of Boac River, Marinduque
Asst. Prof. John Lowell P. Buquiz
Marithe Girbaud Professorial Chair
Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Synthetic Wastewater Solutions Using Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena Leucocephala) Seeds
Asst. Prof. Karlo Leandro D. Baladad
Dr. Meliton U. Ordillas Jr. Professorial Chair in Metallurgical Engineering
High Value Recycling of Silver from Waste Solar Panels Using Concentration and Leaching Methods
Asst. Prof. Joy Marisol F. Maniaul
SR Metals Professorial Chair
Effect of Banana Based Enzyme on the Cyanidation of Sulfidic Gold-Bearing Ore
Asst. Prof. Terence Lucero F. Menor
Willy Lim Bon Teck Engineering Mining Engineering Professorial Chair
Leaching Behavior of Iron, Nickel, Chromium, and Manganese from Geolithic Laterite in Sulfuric Acid
Dr. Eden May B. Dela Peña
Antonio Lourdes Tanchuling Mining Engineering Centennial Professorial Chair
Electropolishing of Aluminum Using Choline Chloride-Based Solvent
Asst. Prof. Stan Kristian G. Ejera
Domingo T. Toledo Professorial Chair
Grain Refinement of As-cast Hadfield Steel for Jaw Crusher Plates Through Pouring Temperature Control and Micro-Alloying

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DEPARTMENT OF MINING, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 165

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

166 TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT

MATTHEW TRAVIS M. ALCANTARA

Mr. Matthew Travis M. Alcantara is an instructor from the Institute of Civil Engineering of UP Diliman since 2016. He is
member of the Institute’s Geotechnical Engineering Group and a secondary member of the Transportation Engineering
Group.
He graduated magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering degree in 2016 and is completing his
Master of Science in Civil Engineering degree with a major in Geotechnical Engineering from the University of the
Philippines Diliman.
His research areas of interest include rainfall-induced landslides and slope failures, soil stability using indigenous
materials, and geopolymerization of soils. He is also interested in the application of computational mechanics in
analyzing soil behavior and failures.

UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF STABILIZED CLAY USING RICE
HULL ASH–DERIVED GEOPOLYMER

Rice hull ash (RHA) is an industrial byproduct that has pozzolanic properties and is rich in silica
making it suitable as an aluminosilicate precursor for geopolymers. Geopolymers are the product of
geopolymerization from the dissolution of aluminosilicate materials by an alkali activator. The
effectiveness of geopolymers as admixture in concrete has been proven in several studies. This
research determined the effects of RHA-based geopolymers on the unconfined compressive strength
(UCS) and the corresponding stress-strain behavior of lean clay. Clay-only specimens were prepared
as control. Samples with 5%, 10%, and 15% geopolymer content by weight were prepared and were
cured for 7 and 28 days. In terms of UCS, the curing period did not have a significant effect
regardless of the geopolymer content. The curing period also do not have significant effects on the
stress-strain behavior of the geopolymerized samples. The addition of geopolymer in the soil sample
increased the UCS of the soil. The higher the geopolymer content, the higher the UCS of the sample.
There was a 547% increase in the UCS of the plain soil to the sample with 15% geopolymer content
with a mean value of 418.5 kPa. Post peak behavior of samples with higher geopolymer content
exhibited pronounced strain softening.

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TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT 167

CHRISTIAN G. ARRANZ

Christian G. Arranz is a full-time junior faculty member (instructor) of the Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and
Materials Engineering of UP Diliman, and is the Chief College Information Officer and Data Privacy Point Person of the
College of Engineering. He earned his Mining Engineering undergraduate degree in 2017 and is currently completing his
Master of Technology Management degree in the University of the Philippines Diliman. He is also the incumbent
Treasurer of the Philippine Society of Mining Engineers – NCR Chapter. His research interests include Mining, Minerals,
and Sustainable Development Studies, Mining Technology Management, and Strategic Management of Technology
and Innovation focusing on the Extractive and Mining Sector. He has recently served as a co-project leader in a UP
OVCRD-funded research project on a legacy Mercury Mine in Palawan. He has been a recipient of the DMCI Homes
Teaching and Research Award since 2019.

GEOTECHNICAL EVALUATION OF LIME-CEMENT STABILIZED SOIL-MINE
TAILINGS MIXTURE AS ROAD SUBGRADE MATERIAL

In this study, copper mine tailings used as road subgrade materials and soil stabilization using lime
and cement are investigated to address mine tailings disposal and poor in-situ road subgrade soils in
the Philippines. The lime-cement stabilizer ratio used was 1:2, while the soil to mine tailings
proportions were sorted into 90-10, 80-20, 70-30, 60-40, and 50-50, in three batches cured for 7, 15,
and 30 days. Based on the Particle Size Analysis, all the soil-mine tailings mixtures' distributions were
rated as “Excellent to Good” subgrade material. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, related researches
were analyzed and reviewed instead of further experiments. One study about lime-cement stabilized
Lateritic Soil-Iron Ore Mine Tailings reveals that the liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil-mine
tailings samples decreases as the amount of mine tailings increases. There is also an increase in the
maximum dry density and a decrease in the moisture content as the amount of lime-cement in soil-
mine tailings increases. The Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) values have increased in the
7th, 15th, and 30th days of the curing period, respectively. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values
also increase in values as the amount of binder increases. Another related study reveals that the
Resilient Modulus values have increased for samples treated with lime. Related researches suggest
that lime-cement stabilized soil-mine tailings mixtures may be feasible as road subgrade material.
Characterization of specific mine tailings is essential before usage since they vary in composition
depending on the site.

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168 TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT

JULIUS REY D. BANIQUED

Engr. Julius Rey Baniqued is a full-time Instructor of the Institute of Civil Engineering in the University of the Philippines
Diliman.
Engr. Baniqued was part of the team of Engineers from the College of Engineering UP Diliman, who ensured the safety
of Mindanaoans right after a series of above magnitude 6 earthquakes and strong aftershocks hit the province of
Cotabato during the last week of October 2019. Their team conducted the needed structural assessment of the vital
infrastructure and facilities of Makilala and Kidapawan City.

DAMAGE STATE PREDICTION OF LOW-RISE AND MID-RISE REINFORCED
CONCRETE FRAME STRUCTURES USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS

The prediction of the damage of buildings due to an earthquake is critical in disaster mitigation and
management. This is usually done by rapid visual assessment and structural analysis. In low-rise and
mid-rise reinforced concrete structures, the capacity spectrum method is one of the methods that is
used to determine the damage state of a given building given an earthquake demand. This involved
generating the pushover curve by nonlinear static pushover analysis which is compared to the
demand curve to evaluate the damage state. However, this method of analysis is computationally
expensive and requires a lot of time. This study explores the capability of machine learning
algorithms to predict the damage state of a given building. The trained prediction model can be used
in site visits to predict the probable damage rapidly. The data set used for training and testing is
obtained from the results of GMMA-RAP. Two machine learning algorithms are explored. Artificial
Neural Network and Linear Discriminant Analysis. The two are compared using four performance
measures: accuracy, precision, recall, and training time. This study proposes the prediction model
generated by the Artificial Neural Network.

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT 169

DOMINIC M. BAUTISTA

Engr. Bautista is an instructor in the Institute of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines
Diliman. He is a member of the Water Resources and Coastal Engineering Group, one of the six academic groups in the
Institute specializing on each academic tracks offered in the BS CE program.

He received his BS degree in Civil Engineering at the University of the Philippines Diliman (Magna Cum Laude) and is
currently doing his thesis under the Master of Science in Civil Engineering (Water Resources) program of the National
Graduate School of Engineering, also in UP Diliman.

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF COASTAL SEDIMENT TRANSPORT FOR
ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL EROSION OF A PHILIPPINE COASTLINE USING A 3D

HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL

The Philippines, being an archipelagic country with at least 36,000 km of coastline, has been
identified to have more than 20 areas that are at risk of coastal erosions. One of these areas, located
in Ibajay, Aklan, was studied wherein a 3-dimensional numerical model using Delft3D was created to
stimulate and analyze the prevailing hydrodynamics and sediment transport. The model was
calibrated using continuous water level and velocity data obtained from sensors deployed during two
separate field surveys. Model results showed excellent agreement with observed data and sufficiently
captures the existing tidally dominated hydrodynamics of the study area. The temporal variability of
the hydrodynamics of the study area. The temporal variability of the hydrodynamics and transport of
sediments was investigated by simulating flows during flood-ebb, spring-neap, southwest-northeast
monsoon, and a 2-year long conditions. Areas of erosion and deposition were identified based on the
results of the long-term simulation. None of these areas were located along the coastline except on
the area near the stream where local erosion and deposition happens. Based on this, it can be
concluded that the study coast is stable under prevailing tidal conditions. The obtained results can be
used as baseline data for managing future coastal developments of the municipality and the
methodology conducted in this research can be applied on other erosion-prone coastlines
nationwide.

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170 TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT

JOHN IAN V. BAYTAMO

Mr. John Ian V. Baytamo is a Summa Cum Laude graduate from the University of the Philippines Diliman under the BS
Mechanical Engineering program. He currently works as an Instructor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in
his home University. For more than three years of teaching, he has instructed undergraduate students in the fields of
machine design, thermodynamics, refrigeration, and air conditioning.
Aside from being an Instructor, Ian is one of the co-founders of the Advanced Defense and Aerospace Materials
Technologies (ADAM Tech). ADAM Tech is a research and development group composed of researchers and faculty
members who aim to address literal and periphral threats experienced by the society through science and technology.
Mr. Baytamo is currently finishing his master's degree in Mechanical Engineering through a culminating research on
the performance of vertical axis tidal turbines with leading-edge tubercles at various wavelengths and amplitudes.

COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN, STATIC, AND BASE EXCITATION SIMULATIONS OF A
MINIATURE STRUCTURE USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Computer-Aided Design Modeling and Finite Element Analysis of small-scale structure complying to
standards of Introducing and Demonstrating Earthquake Engineering Research in Schools (IDEERS)
was conducted using Creo Parametric 4.0 and ANSYS Student. After applying necessary boundary
conditions, total deformations and Von Mises stresses due to gravitational and external loads were
solved. Modal analysis was also performed in order to determine the natural frequencies of structure
for different mode shapes. Structure was then subjected to base excitation, from which directional
and total deflections were computed. Results of the simulations were interpreted, limitations of the
analyses performed were then reiterated, and possible modifications to improve both the results and
the design were recommended afterwards. The structure was remodeled based on
recommendations, and the analyses were redone using the same boundary and loading conditions. It
was observed that the new model obtained lower stresses and deformations/deflections, and higher
natural frequencies. With this, it can be concluded that the recommendations were effective.

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT 171

MICHAEL SEAN P. DEANG

With co-authors Ricardo C. Alindayu II, Karl Vincent H. Escasa, and Gabrielle
Mae G. Riña

Michael Sean P. Deang is a full time junior faculty member of the University of the Philippines Diliman Department of
Chemical Engineering. He graduated BS Chemical Engineering in June 2015, and has been teaching in the UP since that
same year. He is also currently a member of the Green Materials Laboratory under the Green Engineering and Polymers
Recycling group, which is his field of research. He has also advised multiple plant design projects on the technical and
economic feasibility of constructing chemical plants in the country. In 2017, he was awarded the Limcaoco Outstanding
Young Instructor Award for Teaching Excellence by the Collegeof Engineering. He has been a proud holder of the DMCI
Homes Teaching and Research Award since August 2017.

PRODUCTION OF BIO-LUBRICANT FROM PALM OIL METHYL ESTER AND
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE OVER SODIUM METHOXIDE CATALYST

Shift towards greener technologies has led researchers to study the possibility of replacing mineral
lubricants with greener alternatives called bio-lubricants. These products cam from edible oils, with
Indonesia and Malaysia leading the industry. Since there is a surplus of palm oil, this plant design
seeks to take a hold of these raw materials to produce bio-lubricant in the Philippines. The main raw
materials to produce bio-lubricants include palm oil methyl ester, trimethylolpropane (TMP) and
sodium methoxide catalyst. The reaction that takes place is a three-stage process where each of the
branches of the trimethylolpropane is replaced with a carbon chain from the palm oil methyl ester to
produce TMP trimester (polyol ester), a bio-lubricant. Methanol is also produced as a side product
and is sold along with the bio-lubricant. The total purchased equipment cost of the proposed plant is
around 1.3 million USD while the fixed capital investment and the total capital investment may be
estimated to be 4.4 million USD and 5.5 million USD respectively. Assuming an investment and
construction period of two years, and an operating phase of ten years, the proposed plant has an
internal rate of return of 14.96% and a net present value of 3.5 million USD. The discounted payback
period is 8 years and 7 months, while the simple payback is 7 years and 5 months. Sensitivity
analysis of the internal rate of return shows that it is most sensitive to sales and least sensitive to the
cost of goods sold. Profitability of the plant may be increased by increasing capacity or finding a
market for the other side products.

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172 TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT

DALE JOSHUA R. DEL CARMEN

With co-authors Neil Patrick A. Isaac and Jessica S. Pineda

Dale Joshua Del Carmen is an Assistant Professor at the Digital Signal Processing Laboratory of the Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Institute of the University of the Philippines Diliman.
His field of specialization covers digital image processing and computer vision. His research areas of interest are
machine learning and visual tracking.
Asst. Prof Del Carmen obtained his MS degree in Electrical Engineering and his BS degree in Electronics and
Communications Engineering both from the University of the Philippines Diliman.

EXPLORATION OF VEHICLE PLATE DETECTION AND RECOGNITION FOR
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS

Contactless vehicle access control systems are typically implemented using Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) in the Philippines. An alternative to RFID-based systems are vision-based
systems which uses cameras to detect and recognize the license plate of passing vehicles to serve
as unique identification. Despite the vast and growing resources in the field of automatic license plate
recognition (ALPR), solutions using different platforms have not been fully exhausted yet. This paper
explores the different components that make up an ALPR system. The UFPR-ALPR dataset is used
along with the recordings made for the purpose of this subject. Preliminary results show a severe
lack of robustness in the components using conventional image processing techniques. The
recommendation for future work is to increase the dataset size and use deep learning-based
approaches with training to increase robustness and performance of the system.

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT 173

ERICA ERIN E. ELAZEGUI

With co-author Ben Joseph Harder

Engr. Elazegui is an Instructor in the UP Department of Geodetic Engineering leading the Undergraduate Student Affairs
Committee of the Department. She is also part of the UP Training Center for Applied Geodesy and Photogrammetry
where she works in various research projects; she is currently a part of the MaPalay 2 Project.

She previously worked as a Research Associate in the Data Pre-Processing Component of the Phil-LiDAR 1 Program. She
graduated Magna Cum Lauda in 2016 with her Bachelor of Science degree in Geodetic Engineering in the University of
the Philippines Diliman.

She is now a Masters of Science student in the National Graduate School of Engineering under the Geomatics
Engineering program with major in GeoInformatics.

DEVELOPMENT OF A STUDENT DATABASE USING A SEMI-AUTOMATED
WORKFLOW FOR STUDENT COURSES DEMAND AND GRADE MONITORING

A centralized database system can help in management and monitoring of resources. This paper
presents a database model with a semi-automated workflow that leverages the available tools to
University of the Philippines (UP) Department of Geodetic Engineering (DGE) (Google Drive and
Microsoft Excel) to extract, transform, and load students data to a centralized database and the
design visualizations to help UP DGE faculty in their course management, student monitoring and
records storage. The list of courses and their corresponding details were acquired from published
curriculum versions of the UP DGE. Basic information of students and their grades will be included in
the database; for the purposes of this paper, 10 students were asked to share their individual study
plans. All personal information was removed and transformed to protect the student’s personal
information. The 10 student study plans were used to implement and test the database model
designed. The database produced was able to present accurate data of each student’s status as to
courses taken, student population course demand, and other data visualizations.

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

174 TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT

LIZABETH ANN FRANCO

Lizabeth Ann Franco is an instructor at the Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research. She
graduated with a degree of BS Industrial Engineering at the University of the Philippines Diliman (cum laude), and is
currently finishing her M.S. degree in Industrial Engineering at the same university. Her teaching and research interests
include methods engineering, statistical quality control, and production systems.

UNDERSTANDING NEW NORMAL SIGNAGES

As quarantine measures are expected to be eased in the future, more people will be outside and
going to commercial establishments. Due to this, signages are being placed to ensure that social
distancing measures are followed. The study conducted a survey to assess the current signages in
place and understand the preferences of the public. Recommendations on how to improve the
signages were then established.

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS

TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT 175

RUSSEL JOHN GALLANO

A Registered Electrical Engineer with a Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering (Power Systems Engineering),
Russel specializes in power system planning, optimization, and dynamics and control, power system protection, and
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems.

Being an instructor and researcher in the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute of the University of the
Philippines (UP EEEI), Russel has an extensive background in research, research supervision, teaching, project
supervision, and consultancy work through pro bono and paid instruction and technical assistance for power
distribution engineers. Beyond these skills,

Russel has years of experience in handling SCADA system components, handling and coordinating protective relays,
performing short circuit studies and power system/microgrid analysis, and performing basic techno-economic analysis
and optimization studies for power distribution systems and microgrids.

SHORT-TERM FORECASTING MODEL FOR SOLAR PV POWER OUTPUT USING LS
-SVM

The use of renewable energy resources is becoming more prevalent nowadays, especially in
distribution systems and microgrids. However, the variability of renewable energy output poses a
challenge on the stability and resilience of the power system, particularly in balancing the supply with
the load. An output forecast model is useful in this balancing, esp. in scheduling the supply power.

Solar PV, commonly used as distributed generator, has a variable output that depends on external
factors, such as temperature, irradiance, cloud cover, and so on. The lack of data about these
external factors may hinder the accurate modelling and forecasting of solar PV output. This study
attempts to develop a short-term forecast model of the output power of solar PV DGs using only
historical solar PV output data. LS-SVM is used to establish the forecasting model and shows
promising accuracy, even when used to forecast fluctuations.

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176 TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT

TRISHIA C. GUEVARA

Trishia Guevara is an assistant professor of the Department of Geodetic Engineering, University of the Philippines
Diliman, Quezon City.
Her research interests include land surveying and urban planning. Currently, she is part of the LUZIS++ Project, which
aims enhance the existing land use and zoning information system of DHSUD, formerly HLURB, to further implement its
functional activities as part of the overall local land use planning system in the Philippines.
Asst. Prof. Guevara graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Science in Geodetic Engineering degree from U.P. Diliman.
She obtained her Masters in Urban Engineering degree from the University of Tokyo, Japan, in 2018.

STUDY ON FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT AND ITS IMPACTS TO THE LAND USE/
COVER OF MARIKINA CITY PHILIPPINES

Natural disasters are strikingly increasing. To minimize its causalities and damages, it is necessary to
understand the origin of the disaster, its impacts to the community and how people can produce
strategic disaster risk reduction programs and policies. Rapid urbanization, especially on areas prone
to hazards, increases the vulnerability and exposure of the people. Due to its geographic location, the
Philippines is identified as “the most exposed country in the world to tropical storms”. In recent
years, the local government is shifting its focus from quantifying the severity of risks and developing
cost-effective countermeasures to improving infrastructure resilience and refining a wide range of
decision-making processes for sustainable development. Thorough understanding and
implementation of disaster risk reduction and land management, both as spatial and temporal
processes, are crucial to improve the resilience of communities to natural disasters. This research
explores a methodology that integrates flood risk assessment and land use planning using the recent
technologies such as Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). Assessment
of flood risk and change detection of land use/cover not suitable or unsafe to the destructive impacts
of flooding. Future action plan will be recommended to reduce the flood risk in Marikina City.

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TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT 177

JAYSON SIME D. JEREMIAS

With co-authors Tom John O. Bontoyan, Mary Faith C. Delas Alas, and Jan
Carlo J. Tinaja

Engr. Jayson Sime D. Jeremias is an instructor in the Department of Chemical Engineering since 2018. Currently, he is taking up his
MS Chemical Engineering in UP Diliman. He received his BS Chemical Engineering degree from the same university last 2017 and
graduated cum laude and was inducted as member of the International Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi for being part of the top
10% of the graduating batch of 2017.

Engr. Jeremias is part of the Catalysis Research Laboratory and was able to present his study, “Operability testing of an annular UV
assisted photocatalytic reactor with TiO2 catalyst on felt support for the removal of chloroform in indoor air,” in the 2019 6th
SICASE Seoul International Conference on Applied Science and Engineering in Seoul, South Korea. He also presented the same paper
in 2019 International Conference on Environmental Quality Concern, Control, and Conservation in Kaoshiung, Taiwan and was
awarded Best Presenter. He also participated in the 2019 Sakura Science Program (now a member of the Sakura Science club),
which was aimed to further multidisciplinary exchange among a total of 15 participants from universities from South America,
Central America, Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asia through various activities including attending lectures, research discussion
with Japanese students, visiting museums, companies, and research laboratories. Aside from teaching and research works, he is the
department’s social affairs head who acts as a social media manager, and department’s website administrator and information
officer.

INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND IMFA ON SURFACE
TENSION OF DIFFERENT LIQUIDS

Surface tension is a measure of the resistance of a fluid against forces that deform or break through
the surface film of water. This property is deemed significant in industries such as inks, paints,
creams, and automobile manufacturing. The experiment determined the surface tension of oil, water,
and a 6M NaCl solution, as well as the effect of temperature on the surface tension of water using a
beam balance set-up. Surface tension was calculated using force balance between the tension on
the needle and the weight of the water needed to lift the needle. Experimental results showed that
the surface tension of water, oil, and 6M NaCl solution were 65.70 mN-m-1 , 43.27 mN-m-1 and
76.12 mN-m-1 , respectively, with percent deviations of 8.23%, 25.05%, and 8.84% respectively. The
surface tension of water form 6.8ºC to 90.97ºC was also observed, which resulted to values ranging
from 89.98 mN-m-1 to 41.40 mN-m-1 , respectively. Deviations obtained ranged from 6.37% to
31.66% with the surface tension at 19.3ºC having the lowest deviation, and the surface tension at
90.97ºC having the highest deviation. An inverse linear dependence was observed on the effect of
temperature on the surface tension of water. Possible errors include poor temperature control,
varying weights of needle, and human error operating the use beam balance set-up.

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178 TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT

JESSICA M. JUNIO

With co-authors Anne Victoria B. Germar and Kim Lloyd C. Pagapong

Engr. Jessica M. Junio is currently an Instructor at the UP Institute of Civil Engineering. She obtained her Bachelor’s
Degree in Civil Engineering in 2015.

Engr. Junio Specializes in Earthquake Engineering, Pervious Concrete and Carbon Nanotube.

ASSESSMENT OF GOLD MINE TAILINGS AS PARTIAL SAND SUBSTITUTE IN
NONLOADBEARING CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS

Mine tailings are one of the by-products of mining activities. The tailings retain the heavy metal-containing
chemicals that were used in the process of extraction (e.g. amalgamation) resulting to these wastes becoming
hazardous. The most common disposal method for these mining wastes are by storing them indefinitely in
tailing dams, but these dams are expensive to maintain, occupy large areas and are prone to leakage and
collapse. Using cement solidification/stabilization (S/S) as the immobilization method, the study aims to utilize
mine tailings as a partial substitute to sand in the production of nonloadbearing concrete hollow blocks, which
can potentially be a viable disposal method given the recent construction boom in the country. After obtaining
the physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of mine tailings, the samples were produced with
varying replacement levels of gold mine tailings, replacement levels used were 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%
by weight and with a ratio of mixing water-to-cement-to-aggregate of 1:17. A total of 40 samples were
produced and samples were cured for 14 days and 28 days. All samples for both curing times were
determined to have a compressive strength greater than 500 psi, exceeding the minimum compressive
strength requirement stated in ASTM C129. To obtain the leachate from the samples, two leaching
procedures were performed, namely the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and Synthetic
Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) method. The leachate was analyzed for toxicity using Inductively
Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and it was determined that Arsenic, Copper, Lead
and Cadmium were all successfully immobilized. However, cement S/S was not successful in immobilizing
Mercury. Due to the high concentration of Mercury in the gold mine tailings sample, its utilization in concrete
hollow blocks require further treatment using other methods that could immobilize Mercury.

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TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT 179

LUIS CARLOS S. MABAQUIAO

Engr. Mabaquiao is an instructor at the Department Geodetic Engineering. He is an active member of the Training
Center for Applied Geodesy and Photogrammetry (TCAGP). He handles courses in elementary to higher – ordered
surveying, Satellite Positioning Systems and Adjustment of Geodetic Measurements.

He received his BS degree in Geodetic Engineering at the University of the Philippines Diliman. He is currently pursuing
his M.S. degree in Environmental Engineering at the same University. He specializes in the use of space technology for
environmental impact assessments and disaster risk reduction.

EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT OF PARTICULATE MATTER 10 FOR COMMUTERS IN
SELECTED MAJOR ROADS IN QUEZON CITY USING SATELLITE IMAGERY AND

GIS ANALYSIS

Exposure to various air pollutants has been one of continuous problems that commuters are
experiencing on their everyday travel. Rapid growth of urbanization and the faster and easier sales of
motor vehicles has paved the way for more processes that continuously emit dangerous pollutants. In
this study, selected major roads in Quezon City were analyzed to see its pollution concentration for
better information of the commuting public. PM10 is observed and measured using Remote Sensing
techniques from LANDSAT satellite images. For the PM10 distribution, the satellite images are
calibrated and mask are applied to delineate this study are in the satellite image. Atmospheric
Reflectance were computed to derive the PM10 function. GIS is used to overlay the obtained data
from the Satellite to the selected major road. The study finds that at the time of observation, the
amount of PM 10 concentration is within the tolerable limits set by the DENR-EMB; ranging from
Good to Fair.

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180 TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT

NIKOLE ANDREI LOUISE B. MALLARE

Nikole Andrei Louise B. Mallare is currently an Instructor at the Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations
Research, UP Diliman.
Ms. Mallare obtained her Master’s Degree in Industrial Engineering Human Factors and Ergonomics as well as her
Bachelor’s Degree in Industrial Engineering from the University of the Philippines Diliman.
Ms. Mallare’s areas of specialization include, human factors and ergonomics, work methods and standards and
feasibility studies.

A CASE STUDY ON THE NEW NORMAL STANDARDS OF OWWA REGION3

The pandemic not only puts a toll on the physical health of the general public, but it also affects their
mental health too. The anxieties caused the possibility of contracting the disease and infecting your
loved ones, the plunging economy pushing everyone to worry about their livelihood, and many more,
all contribute to the looming mental stress that we all have to endure. The shift to the new normal
entails drastic changes for everyone to ensure our overall safety, and given that not everyone has the
option to work from home, measures need to be made, implemented and assessed to keep our
frontliners safe and to make them feel safe. This project entailed assessing the new normal measures
that OWWA Region 3 has taken to protect their employees and clients alike. The measures were
benchmarked to current good practices, and the confidence to the established measures were also
gathered. Overall, the measures implemented did not hold to the standard and several
recommendations were drawn to improve the build environment to guide the employees and their
clients better. All of the employees surveyed also noted that they felt unsafe despite the measures
implemented, and recommendations were made to improve the statistic.

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TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT 181

JOHN KENNETH B. MUSICO

Mr. Musico is an Instructor of the Institute of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines
Diliman. He is part of the Water Resources and Coastal Engineering Group, an academic group under the Institute.

He received his BS degree in Civil Engineering at the University of the Philippines Diliman (Magna Cum Laude). He is
currently taking his MS degree in Civil Engineering major in Water Resources Engineering at the National Graduate
School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman. He specializes in Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modelling and is
currently studying the optimization of the operations of flood mitigation structures in application to the case of Imus
River as his thesis.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION AND DEFORESTATION TO
THE HYDROLOGY OF THE UPPER AGNO RIVER BASIN

Issues on water security and flooding are common in a country located in a region such as the
Philippines. These issues are made more difficult to handle because of rapid changes in land use
brought about by man, such as urbanization and deforestation. This study aims to develop a
hydrologic model of the Upper Agno River Basin, determine the relationship between the current
basin properties to its hydrology, and simulate the effect of land use changes on it. This study used
HEC-HMS to model the basin’s hydrology. Effects of urbanization and deforestation were considered
by varying the basin parameters assuming that half of the cultivated areas were converted to
urbanized land. The methodology made use of rainfall depth-duration frequency (RDDF) curves in its
meteorological model. After simulation, the relationship of basin properties on the subbasin
hydrographs, outlet hydrographs, and flow behavior were confirmed. Incorporating the effects of land
use change showed the detrimental effects of urbanization and hydrology in that peak discharges
and discharge volumes were all heightened. Time-to-peak, on the other hand, was shortened.
Further research on water reliability is recommended as this study focused on the effects on
flooding.

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182 TEACHING AND RESEARCH GRANT

PAUL JAKE NALZARO

With co-authors Dyean Virj V. Del Villar, Ferdinando V. Enriquez Jr., and
Kaelin Wilby S. Tsai

Engr. Nalzaro is an Instructor and the Undergraduate Program Coordinator of the Department of Chemical Engineering
of the University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City.
He is a faculty affiliate of the Green Materials Laboratory. His research interests include mostly hydrogels and their
applications to the agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors.
He received his BS degree in Chemical Engineering at the University of the Philippines Diliman (Magna Cum Laude) in
2016 and is currently pursuing his MS degree in Chemical Engineering at the same university.

PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL VIA TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTE COOKING
OIL USING CALCIUM OXIDE CATALYST

The proposed design is a biodiesel production plant from waste cooking oil. There is an increasing
demand for biofuels for sustainability, especially in the Philippines. The objective is thus to meet 10%
of the country’s biodiesel demand in 2023 and to source waste cooking oil as the main raw material
all the while incorporating safety, quality, efficiency, and profitability. The proposed production of
biodiesel from waste cooking oil has three main processes. First is the purification of waste cooking
oil that will be coming from local government units. Next is the biodiesel main reaction process
wherein the waste cooking oil will be reacted with methanol using calcium oxide catalysts. The
transesterification of the waste cooking oil will be reacted with methanol using calcium oxide
catalysts. The transesterification of the waste cooking oil produces biodiesel with glycerol as the by-
product. Last is the product separation process wherein 100% glycerol and 99.9% biodiesel are
recovered from selling. Results of the profitability calculations showed that the internal rate of return
is 15.53%, and that the payback period is 4.23 years, with a net present value of around ₱400 million.

UP COE TECHNICAL BULLETIN - PROFESSORIAL CHAIR AND TEACHING & RESEARCH GRANTS