UP COE - NEC Technical Bulletin 2018

UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018 43

CHRISTIAN JOHN IMMANUEL S. BOYDON can still be messy and dirty. Possible reasons
UPIEAA Professorial Chair
for messy and dirty data are: different data
“Construction of a Nonlinear Program for
Profit Improvement of Capacity-constrained sources, flat file-based data manually
Systems with Demand-capacity Imbalance
via Demand Shifting by Discount Setting” updated and not cascaded to other files,

Abstract: This paper attempts to address and complicated methodologies varying in
opportunity for profit in capacity-constrained
service centers facing demand-capacity different departments. This research aims to
imbalance. A nonlinear program is proposed
which assumes demand shifting between propose a data warehouse that consolidates
periods with high demand and low demand
when discount is introduced. The nonlinear data from different sources and outputs a
program is validated theoretically by
determining its mathematical characteristics dashboard available to different internal
and empirically by applying on a test case
and showing an increase in profit with the stakeholders on a recurring basis or for adhoc
solution being found in less than one second
solving time using Lingo. reporting purposes. Furthermore, this paper is

based on a company that has employed a

team specializing on generating metrics and

analysis of people data. A backend

database on Microsoft SQL Server

Management Studio and a frontend

Business Intelligence tool, Tableau, were used

to build a prototype for the proposal.

*Co-author: Katherine Poblete

BENETTE P. CUSTODIO ERICKSON L. LLAGUNO
Jose Edgar Manrique Professorial Chair in Honorato L. Goco Professorial Chair
Industrial Engineering
“Developing a Survey Instrument to Assess
“Association of Individual Risk Factors and Service Quality of Public Hospitals in the
Workplace Factors to Self-Reported Body Philippines”
Discomfort of Filipino Small-Scale Gold
Miners”* Abstract: Public hospitals play a key role in the
health care delivery needs of the country,
*Printed in Philippine Engineering Journal (PEJ) especially among those in the lower income
2018; Vol. 39, No. 55-66. bracket of the population. These facilities
Co-authors: Aura C. Matias and Virginia J. comprise around 40% of the total number of
Soriano hospitals in the country and can be found in
almost all the major cities and municipalities.
EUGENE REX L. JALAO Affordability, not excellent quality, remains as
Victor A. Lim Professorial Chair the primary reason for their choice.
Interestingly, government budget allocations
“People Metrics Information System Prototype for public hospitals have been very significant
using Dimensional Model Design” over the years.
Unfortunately, there is a dearth of evaluations
Abstract: The human resources (HR) of public hospitals with respect to service
quality provided to its patient customers. Most
department handles organizational of the evaluations and reporting requirements
on their performance relate to resource
recruitment, training, and administering management. Generally, it can be
concluded that there is lack of reliable data
different employee engagement programs. In for measuring public hospital‘s service quality
in the Philippines. Indeed, it is imperative that
previous years, HR was charged mostly with all stakeholders of these medical institutions,
from the funding agencies, administrators
administrative tasks in nature. However, HR and more so the taxpayers, deserve an

has evolved to a department that utilizes UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018

data to drive results. The data handled by HR

may be centralized to people data but data

44

assessment of their quality of service, results of IRIS ANN G. MARTINEZ
which serve as guide on way forward to Edgardo S. Pacheco Professorial Chair in
further improvement of their services. Engineering
Towards this end, this paper proposed a
survey instrument to assess their service quality “Proposal for a Simple, Structured and Easy to
from a set of performance indicators Use Method for Determining Production Level
obtained from the ‗voice of the customers‘. to Lower Excess Ending Inventory in Small
These indicators were elicited from a rapid Retail Business with Steady Demand and a
survey of customers and were mapped onto Culture of Oversupply”
the different customer touchpoints in a
hospital – from the admitting, diagnosis, Abstract: This paper discusses the problem of
treatment and discharge processes. The having excess inventory in small retail
mapping will pave the way for directed businesses in the Philippines. Extreme excess
intervention in improvement areas identified inventory is usually resulted to by the culture
by customers. of oversupply of small retail businesses in the
Further granularity in the intervention is Philippines. To address this, a simple,
achieved in the survey instrument by tagging structured and easy to use method for
the performance indicators and subsequent determining production level is proposed. The
item questions in the instrument into the 3P‘s – proposed methodology lowers the excess
People, Process and Product. The 3P‘s are the inventory at the end of the day. However,
three key elements of a company‘s quality shortages that were not experience in the
system, improvements of which need to be past trial and error methodology used, will
focused on for overall performance have to be expected with the proposed
improvement of the organization. methodology though these can be
A sample of the survey instrument is provided anticipated to be low in occurrence.
in Filipino and further refined after field testing
with several patients of selected government AURA C. MATIAS
hospitals. Ambrosio Magsaysay Professorial Chair in
Engineering
LOWELL L. LORENZO
Pedro Dumol Professorial Chair “Prevalence, Severity, and Risk Factors of
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
“Establishing a Solution Framework for a Class among Stevedores in a Philippine Break-Bulk
of Product Assortment Planning Problems” Port Terminal”*

Abstract: The product assortment planning *Published in Advances in Intelligent Systems
problem (PAP) is a multifaceted problem and Computing, vol 601. Springer, Cham.
wherein tradeoffs must be made
appropriately among different factors in order Co-author: Kenneth B. Sedilla
to achieve the desired objective of the
decision maker. Because of its complexity, ADELINE A. PACIA
various models have been developed in this Cerlito San Juan and Family Professorial Chair
area. A static assortment and a dynamic
assortment planning problem are presented “The Ecosystem for Enabling Intellectual
with their corresponding solutions using an Property and Technology Transfer in UP
optimization approach. By reviewing these Diliman”
two types of models, it will give insights to the
researcher on what solution approach can Abstract: As the national university, the
support other types of PAPs with a similar or University of the Philippines is mandated to
variant nature. perform its unique and distinctive leadership
in higher education and development. UP
UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018
45

Diliman, as the main campus, should thus take existing government initiatives directed to
the lead in setting academic standards and SMEs with the Kaizen philosophy of continuous
initiating innovations in teaching, research, improvement is seen as a good entry point for
and faculty development. UPD is set to fulfill resurging Philippine manufacturing SMEs. The
this aim with the Technology Transfer and case of the Manufacturing Extension program
Business Development Office, which is tasked (MPEX) is considered as a good technology
to facilitate and manage the research output extension platform for entrenching kaizen in
of the university community for intellectual improving and upscaling manufacturing
property protection and technology transfer, SMEs.
either through commercialization or utilization
for public good. This paper assesses the JHOANNA Z. RESURRECCION
challenges facing UPD TTBDO today and UP Alumni Engineers Centennial Professorial
provides recommendations on how the Chair
collective effort of everyone within the
university, as well as collaboration with “Integrating Risk Assessment Tools in Aid
relevant government agencies and industry Allocation Modeling for Victims of Extreme-
partners, can build the ecosystem needed to events, a Case for Leyte, Philippines”*
enable IP protection and technology transfer
for national development. Abstract: The average annual losses due to
typhoons is estimated to be ₱341-billion for
NESTOR O. RAÑESES the Philippines. This is due to the approximate
Dr. Luis D. Pascual Professorial Chair in Systems number of 8-9 typhoons that make landfall
Thinking and System Dynamics annually and result in further damaging
events (e.g. flooding, storm surge, etc.).
“Sustainable Kaizen-based Improvement However statistical analyses show that there is
Trajectories for Philippine Manufacturing an upward trend in the number of typhoon
SMEs” landfalls, particularly in Samar and Leyte, the
only places in the country with this behavior.
Abstract: Characterized as an agile, versatile, With this upward trend, Samar and Leyte are
practical, economical, and participatory at greater risks for losses in the future.
philosophy of continuous improvement,
Kaizen–based improvement approaches can A risk model was made to be able to quantify
be used as an effective and sustainable the risks involved and the amount of
platform for leveraging the sustainable damages that they would result in such as
upgrade and competitiveness of deaths, injuries, and infrastructure damages.
manufacturing SMEs. Ingraining kaizen in Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 5%
introducing technology and increasing significance level and Pearson Correlation
productivity of manufacturing SME firms Test, it was verified that the following factors
significantly shifts the focus of entrepreneur for have significant effects in causing damages:
continuous long–term growth from lethargic the amount of rainfall and the strength of the
short-term survival. Given the context of typhoon or maximum wind speed. Additional
Philippine SMEs which are buffeted by factors considered were the awareness of the
competitive pressures, resource challenges, people regarding typhoon warnings, and
disparate and siloed government policy and whether or not people follow warnings and
improvement interventions, Kaizen-based evacuation orders. An event tree was utilized
improvement approaches present as a to integrate the probability of occurrence of
sustainable, resilient, and integrated multiple scenarios considered. Consequences
approach to long-term improvement were then translated into monetary values.
trajectory that will catalyze the accelerated This resulted to an annual expected financial
growth of Philippine manufacturing SMEs into aid of PhP 45-billion to be reserved for Leyte.
innovative, competitive, inclusive, and resilient To be able to minimize this value,
economic enterprises. Dosing & fortifying recommendations were made for

46 UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018

controllable factors involved such as people‘s MILI-ANN M. TAMAYAO
awareness and their behavior towards Cesar Buenaventura UP Centennial Prof;
typhoon warnings. Chair

*Co-authors: Ma. Theresa S. De Pano, James “Sustainability Planning Platform Using QFD, TR
Renier T. Domingo, and Dominic Aily G. Ecat IZ, and Life Cycle Analysis”

VIRGINIA J. SORIANO Sustainability planning is the foundation of
Pedro & Francisca Maniego Professorial Chair successful Sustainability Management Systems
(SMS). Several improvements to existing
“Sustainability Performance of Selected Small frameworks are needed to facilitate
Scale Gold Production Sites in the Philippines” sustainability planning: systematic and more
objective method for identifying and
Abstract: Over the years, gold production in prioritizing sustainability impacts, aspects,
objectives, actions, and tasks; methods for life
the Philippines continues to be a key cycle thinking; and coherent set of tools that
can facilitate each stage of sustainability
economic activity participated in by large- planning. This study develops and applies a
sustainability planning platform that aims to
scale, artisanal and small-scale mining and address said improvements by integrating
decision analysis and production systems
processing entities. The continued and design tools namely, Quality Function
Development (QFD), Theory of Inventive
growing activities in gold production has Problem Solving (TRIZ), and Abridged Life
Cycle Assessment (ALCA). The platform was
raised concerns on sustainability. Of particular applied in a gold jewelry manufacturing
company in Meycauayan, Bulacan,
interest is the informal and mostly unregulated Philippines, a center for gold jewelry
manufacturing in the country. Method
small scale gold mi ning and processing Adoption Model (MAM) was conducted to
evaluate users‘ perception of the platform‘s
activities. This study aims to characterize the effectivity in achieving its objectives and
likelihood of usage. Results indicate that the f
existing practices and performance of the our most important of fifteen sustainability
actions include educating and training
small scale miners and processing plant workers on best practices; optimizing
moulding process; promoting product take
operators with respect to the three pillars of back; and optimizing heating technique.
Twenty-two sustainability tasks and their
sustainability namely: economic, relationship with sustainability actions were
identified. Preliminary MAM results suggest
environmental and social. A simplified scoring that proposed platform is likely to be used by
target users including academics and
tool was used for measuring the economic, consultants in the field of sustainability. The
intention to use the platform was influenced
environmental and social sustainability by its perceived usefulness, i.e. how well it
achieves its objectives. MAM results
performance of various sites involved in the also indicate that respondents perceive the p
latform to be effective in addressing the
small scale gold production activities. A total deficiencies of existing frameworks and
exhibits the desired characteristics of a
of nine sites were observed from the sustainability planning framework. The
desired characteristics include: 1) allows
provinces of Abra, Benguet, Camarines Norte
47
and Compostela Valley. The best practices

can be found in different sites but not in a

single site. There are conditions that exist in

some sites which allows for them to have a

better practice than others. Key issues were

identified through the analysis of the site

characterization and from discussions with

identified site participants and owners. As a

result, three main strategies were identified to

address the

various issues and concerns pertaining to the

continuity and sustainability of small scale

gold production activities in the selected sites

in the Philippines.

UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018

possibility of certification; 2) integrates the
social, environmental, and economic
dimensions of the organization; 3) involves
continual improvement; 4) exhibits structural
clarity; 5) involves participative decision-
making among internal and external
stakeholders; 6) allows ease of information
handling; and 7) considers individual
characteristics of companies.
*Paper presented in the ISIE-ISSST 2017:
Science in Support of Sustainable and
Resilient Communities Conference held on 25-
29 June 2017.

48 UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018

UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018 49

BINOE E. ABUAN actual experimentation. This paper presents
Leopoldo V. Abis Professorial Chair CFD modelling results of an ejector using a
commercial CFD software in an attempt to
“The influence of Unsteady Flow to the have a highly dependable simulation that
Performance of a Horizontal Axis Tidal features a model based on the interpolation
Turbine”* of real fluid properties from NIST-REFPROP
database embedded in the CFD platform
Abstract: This paper presents the effect of an through user-defined functions (UDF‘s), where
idealized cyclic velocity variation to the basically, density and speed of sound are
performance of a Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine. polynomial functions of both pressure and
A steady base case simulated using Reynolds temperature. A fixed ejector geometry is
Averaged Numerical Simulation (RANS) was obtained from the aforementioned simulation
presented to have reference for the unsteady that theoretically works nearly optimal at a
simulations which were conducted for three given set of operating conditions. R134a,
different tip speed ratios (TSR). being readily available in the market and
Results for the unsteady simulations shows a relatively cheaper, is used as the working
decrease in performance for all three TSRs fluid. Moreover, a comparison is made
(TSR=4, 6 and 8). The cyclic averaged CP for between the results of the said model with
the TSR=6 simulation is 1.94% lower than that of the real gas model which is one of the
that of the steady flow case, a decrease of conventional models applicable to
8% was observed for the TSR=4 case while it is compressible flows using the same ejector
0.23% difference for the TSR=8 unsteady configuration and geometry.
simulation.
*Co-authors: Jaime Honra and Louis Angelo
*Co-author: Robert J. Howell M. Danao

MENANDRO S. BERANA LOUIS ANGELO M. DANAO
Lim Seh Leng Mechanical Engineering Vicente Paterno ME Centennial Professorial
Centennial Professorial Chair Chair

“Modelling and Analysis of Power Generation “VAWT Cluster Parameter Study on Overall
from Low Grade Industrial Waste Heat Using Cluster Performance, Part II: Oblique Angles
Ejector Trilateral Flash Cycle”* and Direction of Rotation”*

Abstract: Probably, one of the most *Paper published in the Proceedings of the
appealing research topics on refrigeration is World Congress on Engineering 2018 Vol II
the heat-driven ejector refrigeration system, WCE 2018, July 4-6, 2018, London, U.K. Silva,
owing to its simplicity in construction and the J.E. and Danao L.A., 2017
utilization of the low-grade thermal energy, ISBN: 978-988-14048-9-3
which is quite cheap and environment- ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)
friendly. However, most of the previous studies
focused on one-dimensional mathematical GERALD JO C. DENOGA
modelling and physical experimentation. Fernando N. Seriña Mechanical Engineering
Though data acquisition from experiments is Professorial Chair
considered the most accurate one, it entails
much effort, time and money; whereas, “Feasibility Based Design of Hybrid Electric
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) could Vehicles for Public Transportation in the
have an advantage of predicting the flow Philippines”*
structures inside the ejector that could result in
a more reliable design and more accurate *Published in the Philippine Engineering
prediction of ejector performance over one- Journal (PEJ) 2017; Vol. 38, No. 2: 17-30
dimensional modelling before the conduct of
UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018
50

HANNAH ERIKA R. DUCUSIN processes is die tilting. In this study, the
Tomas Padilla Abello Professorial Chair behavior of a Small Outline Transistor (SOT)
when exposed to thermal loads was analyzed
“Investigation of the Effect of Varying Silicon using finite element method. This work also
Die Size and Thickness on a Small Outline investigated the effect of varying solder tilt
Transistor on the Silicon Die Crack Using Finite angle configurations on the stresses
Element Method“* experienced by the package. A 5-layer,
multimaterial, non-symmetric SOT package
Abstract: The current trend for electronic was modeled in detail to determine the
interlayer stresses caused upon by the CTE
products, especially those in mismatched between each material. Three
different tilt angle configurations for both
telecommunications, is to be more compact. upper and bottom solder were simulated
using ANSYS software. The 3D model of the
To match the demand for compact products, package was exposed to temperature load
of 370°C and cooled down to room
a size reduction of electronic product temperature. Material modeling and mesh
sensitivity analysis were also conducted in this
components such as the small outline research to determine the most appropriate
material type and mesh density to be used for
transistor (SOT) is therefore needed. This work the simulation. The maximum principal stress
distribution, taken after the cooling stage of
utilized the finite element method with a die bonding process, was used as a criterion
to determine the location of the maximum
fracture mechanics approach to analyze the stress on the silicon die. Results from the
simulation have shown that the maximum
effect of varying geometric parameters on principal stress distribution shifted to the area
of thinner solder as the tilt angle is increased.
the J-integral of the existing crack on the The results holds true for both upper and
bottom solder tilting. In addition, the results
silicon die. The J-integral values obtained show that the magnitude of the stresses in the
area where the solder becomes the thinnest
generally showed a peak value with the mid- also increases. This study presents a clear
relationship between the thermo-mechanical
sized silicon die. The J-integral value generally response of the silicon die and changing die
tilt angles. These observations can be helpful
decreased with die thickness but was found in detecting and locating the possible site of
failure and can be used to develop more
to be minimum at around 100 mm die reliable microelectronic packages.

thickness. A further reduction in thickness FERDINAND E. MANEGDEG
Apolonio P. and Lorna L. Yson Prof. Chair in
resulted in an increase in J-integral. Results Engineering

from the simulations will be helpful in “Design of Residence Hall for Electricity
Conservation”*
determining the effect of these parameters
Abstract: The reduction of electricity
on the reliability of the package with respect consumption of residence halls in a university
without compromising the level of
to die crack risk and can be utilized to guide comfortability and nurturing environment and
or increasing the level of comfortability and
improvements on the existing package
51
design.

*Co-authors: Jennifer .J. Fabular, Richard
Raymond N. Dimagiba and Manolo G. Mena

FABULAR, JENNIFER J.
Dean Francisco L. Viray Professorial Chair

“Analysis of Die Tilt Effect on the Stress
Distribution in a Small Outline Transistor Using
Finite Element Method”

Abstract: The increasing demand for
miniaturization and high function integration
in today‘s microelectronic industry poses a
big challenge in maintaining the reliability of
the package. Majority of the reliability
problems can be attributed to thermal and
mechanical loadings during manufacturing
and assembly process. One of the most
common defects originating from these

UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018

nurturing environment at optimal electricity This paper presents the operational cost
consumption are the goals of efficient and analysis of different alternative fuel vehicles
sustainable university residence hall used for Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJ‘s) in
administration. This paper presents the results Metro Manila. Four models were generated
of the study for all the residence halls in the using data from the UP-SM North Jeepney
University of the Philippines Diliman campus. route. Model A used actual data gathered
The established framework for determining from the onroad tests conducted. Model B
the energy intensity of residence halls is used did not consider the downtime days to
to determine factors that contribute to the normalize the daily net income. Model C kept
current level of electricity consumption. Using the costs not related to fuel and
Pareto analysis, ventilation is identified as the maintenance, jeepney fare, and data
most energy intensive process contributing to influence by the preference of the driver,
37% of the total monthly electricity constant. Model D assumed only jeepney
consumption of all the residence halls, type varied, without accounting for any
followed by lighting at 25% and then preference for any preference mentioned in
computing at 24%. The average electricity Model C. For all models, in terms of Fuel Cost
consumption per resident is 46.85 kWh per (PhP) per Passenger-km, the Electric Jeepney
month with a standard deviation of 10.61 kWh is 35-49% more economical and has 1%-36%
per month. Another two surveys were higher net income vs Diesel Jeepney.
conducted to determine the preferences of However, the LPG jeepney is less economical
the residents in terms of the design of by 8%-18% vs Diesel Jeepney in Models A – C
residence hall rooms and common areas, but more economical by 4% in Model D due
and on different categories describing to higher cost of Diesel fuel. In terms of Net
residence hall characteristics. Some of the Income (PhP) per Passenger-km, LPG
results from the respondents are: 52% chose Jeepney has 10% lower income vs Diesel
rooms with both task and accent lighting to Jeepney in Models A&B but has 5% higher
comply with user‘s requirements; 62% chose a income in Models C&D as considered days
balance between comfort and efficiency are the same, thereby minimizing differences
with personal closets, desks and storages; and in the number of passengers that affects both
43% chose two students per room with an parameters.
area of 25 m2. Sample residence hall room
designs as well as energy consumption *Co-author: Edwin N. Quiros
models for two different scenarios are
presented. Air conditioned room is more EDWIN N. QUIROS
expensive by 2.5 times compared to electric Federico E. Puno 2 Professorial Chair
fan ventilated room. It is recommended to
identify the effects of different residence hall “Power Performance and Fuel Consumption
architectural features in the performance of of a Spark-Ignition Engine using Different
students; to develop design protocols Blends of Ethanol-Gasoline”
incorporating the survey results; and to
develop the level of comfortability that the *Published in the BIMP-EAGA Journal for
university is willing to subsidize. Sustainable Tourism Development Volume 4.
No. 2. 2015 ISSN 2232-10603
*Co-authors: Juvy A. Balbarona and Shirley Co-authors: Melchor E. Jaramilla and Jeffrey
Guevarra James C. Laguitao

JOSE GABRIEL E. MERCADO JOSEPH GERARD T. REYES
Jesus P. Francisco Prof. Chair in Energy Sector HB Reyes ME Centennial Professorial Chair
Studies
“Determination of Mechanical Properties of
“Operational Cost Comparison of Alternative Angle-Ply Laminates for Use in the Simulated
Fuel Vehicles for Public Transportation”*
UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018
52

Loading of a 2-m HATT Blade”* provide care for premature birth babies. This
paper documents the design improvements
Abstract: Horizontal axis tidal turbine (HATT) of a neo natal ventilator to fill a demand gap
blades are subjected to varying thrust and in the local neo natal care industry, improving
torsional loads due to their sub-marine on previous designs, and aiming to level up
operating environments, which could affect with current imported ventilators in terms of
both their structural integrity as well as their function, ease of use and price
performance efficiencies due to resultant competitiveness. Ventilator designs were
deformation. Fiber reinforced composite created and improved, resulting in a final
materials are currently being utilized for ventilator design that is quiet, operable with
construction of blade shells because of their touch screen monitor, and knobs for pressure
high strength-to-weight ratios and resistance control, with a built in data logging system.
to underwater corrosion. The behavior of The design also resulted in an affordable
such materials differs from conventional product that is about 10% to 25% of the cost
isotropic metals in the sense that stresses and of imported ventilators. Further improvements
deflections vary in different directions, thus, to make the product more competitive
proper layup of composites must be made in include the installation of oxygen gas
order to ensure the structural integrity and humidifier and a battery back-up for
performance of such blades under varying emergency use and portability.
operating conditions underwater.

A 2-m HATT blade was designed using
different symmetric angle-ply laminates of
glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRC) and
of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRC)
for its shell. The engineering constants of
these designs were determined using classical
lamination theory and these were used in the
FMEA analysis used in a previous study and
the produced designs were subjected to
simulated operating conditions utilized in a
that study, where the resulting principal
stresses and blade tip deflections were
obtained. From these results, the optimum
material and angle-ply layup was identified.

Co-author: Glizelda L. Uy

PAUL L. RODGERS 53
Ariston I. delos Reyes Centennial Professorial
Chair in Energy Engineering

“Design and Development of a Neonatal
Ventilator”

Abstract: The need for affordable and reliable
neonatal ventilators is evident, as the
Philippines rates as 8th in the world having the
largest number of premature infant births.
Premature birth mortality and morbidity rates
are associated with underdeveloped organs
and the lack of appropriate facilities to

UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018

54 UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018

UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018 55

ALBERTO V. AMORSOLO JR. Abstract: Due to the rapid development of
Philex Mining Corp. UP Centennial Professorial technology, the generation of electronic
Chair-1 waste have also been increasing. These
waste material, commonly known as ―E-
“Formation of Copper-Based Shape Memory waste,‖ contain a significant amount of
Alloy Via Annealing of Brass with precious metals such as gold, copper and
Electrodeposited Copper-Tin Layers”* platinum. One process that has shown
potential in extracting gold from the e-waste
Abstract: A study was made to investigate the is thiosulfate leaching. Thiosulfate leaching
synthesis of a Cu-based shape memory alloy has been extensively studied since it is a safer
via double-sided electroplating of copper and more environmentally friendly alternative
and tin in succession on a starting sheet of to other lixiviants for gold such as cyanide.
brass followed by a two-stage annealing and This study investigated if leached
quenching step. Alloying was achieved after ammoniacal copper can be used as an
two-stage annealing of the electrodeposited alternative to Copper Sulfate as catalyst for
layers of Cu (10% of mass of brass) and Sn (40 the leaching of gold using thiosulfate. Waste
to 90% of mass of brass) on shim brass with microprocessors containing a significant
fixed composition in wt.% of about 65% Cu amount of gold and copper were used in the
and 35%Zn. First-stage annealing was done at experiment. Ammoniacal Concentration,
215ᵒC for 5 hours in nitrogen while second- Solid/Liquid Ratio, and Leaching Time were
stage annealing was done in the range of observed during the copper leaching
550ᵒC to 650ᵒC for 2 minutes in nitrogen. The experiments. The treatment combination that
cooling or quenching step after annealing had the best copper yield was used as
was tried using water, ice water, brine solution catalyst in the subsequent thiosulfate
and air. The samples were afterwards leaching of gold. Thiosulfate Concentration,
characterized using optical microscopy, SEM- Ammonia Concentration, and Leaching Time
EDS, X-ray diffraction analysis and differential were observed during the thiosulfate leaching
scanning calorimetry (DSC). The samples of gold. To recover the negatively charged
exhibited one-way shape memory effect gold-thiosulfate complexes in the leach
based on videos taken during a flame test on solution, magnetite particles were dispersed
strips bent to a circular arc. The microstructure in 0.5M HNO solution to render its surface
showed that the copper layer was converted positive. The magnetite particles were then
to Cu-Sn intermetallics after the first-stage introduced to the leach solution at adsorbent
annealing step. After final annealing, an dosages of 0.01 and 0.02 g magnetite per mL
intermetallic layer adjacent to the unreacted solution and contact times of 10s, 20s, 30s,
brass was produced with a ternary 40s, 50s, and 1min, 3min, and 5min without
composition which is attributed to the agitation. Solid/liquid ratio had the greatest
martensite phase. Intermetallic phases were effect during the ammoniacal copper
also observed in an outer mixed layer leaching and the treatment combination
containing unreacted Sn, possibly formed using 2M total ammoniacal concentration,
when the unreacted Sn layer became molten 1.25g/125mL solid/liquid ratio, and 12 hours
during second stage annealing. leaching time had the best yield at 86.78%
copper recovery. It was observed that
*Co-author: Jesse L. Jagape thiosulfate concentration and leaching time
had the highest effect on gold recovery in
KARLO LEANDRO D. BALADAD thiosulfate leaching. The study concludes that
Dr. Meliton V. Ordillas Jr. Professorial Chair in leached copper ammonia can be used as a
Metallurgical Engineering viable alternative to copper sulphate as a
catalyst in thiosulfate leaching. The results of
“Recovery of Gold from Electronic Wastes the adsortption experiment showed that the
Using Thiosulfate Leaching and Magnetite highest recovery was achieved at a contact
Adsorption”* time of 1 minute after which a decrease in
recovery occurs. Higher adsorbent dosage of
56
UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018

0.02 g magnetite/mL showed a higher gold environmental destruction in several mining
recovery of 61% as opposed to 48% for 0.01g sites all over the country. Several local
magnetite/mL at 1min contact time. Overall, governments have moved to ban mining in
results concluded that magnetite is a their localities. Unfortunately, due to the
potentially recover gold from thiosulfate inherent process techniques in mineral
leach solution. extraction, liberation and concentration, the
public views mining activities as destroyers of
*Co-authors: Carl Aldrin E. Sulam, John Nikko the environment. With this public mindset, it is
C. Madumma, Jamie Jane Apolonio, Myrhh time for the industry to reconsider and plan on
Jade Divinagracia, Geliah Anne Brilata next moves to assure that future mining
ventures will take into consideration the
MARY DONNABELLE L. BALELA guidelines set out by the Initiatives for
Robert Cheng/Uratex Professorial Chair 2 Responsible Mining Assurance (IRMA). The four
(4) over-arching principles of this standard
“Fabrication of Polyacrylonitrile-coated include a. business integrity, b. social
Kapok Hollow Microtubes for Adsorption of responsibility, c. environmental responsibility,
Methyl Orange and Cu(II) Ions in Aqueous and d. planning for positive legacies. Towards
Solution” this end, the study was crafted to look into
possible flaws in the laws meant to serve as
*Paper published in the Journal of the Taiwan guide for sustainable mining. The Case Study
Institute of Chemical Engineers. 1876-1070/© method was used to collect data and ground
2017 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. information in mining companies as well as in
Published by Elsevier B.V. the communities involved. In this study 2
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2017.06.038 mining companies were visited, one in Luzon
Co-authors: Apollo R. Agcaoili, Marvin U. and the other in Mindanao. In both cases, the
Herrera, and Cybelle M. Futalan local DENR-MGB, CENRO and PENRO
representatives were interviewed and FGDs
RINLEE BUTCH M. CERVERA were conducted in the presence of
Prof. Jose Jovellanos Professorial Chair in representatives of the LGU and the
Engineering community. The NCIP office in the area was
also visited. The results show the adequacy of
“Synthesis and Characterization of Porous the Philippine Mining Act and its implementing
NiO/YSZ Electrode Materials Using Different rules and regulations are adequately
Pore Formers” addressing the four principles above but the
implementation of these rules needs further
* Published in the Materials Science Forum. improvement on the ground in order to
ISSN: 1662-9752, Vol. 917, pp 83-87 achieve the poverty alleviation objective of
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.917.83 © the national government.
2018 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
Co-authors: James Francis L. Imperial John Kenneth A. Cruz
Crisostomo A. Ortigas Professorial Chair
ELIGIA D. CLEMENTE
Maynilad Professorial Chair 5 “Adsorption Studies of CU(II) and ZN(II) from
Aqueous Solution of Hydroxyapatite Pellets”
“Responsible Mining: Is the Philippines
Ready?“ Abstract: Industrial wastewater discharges,
especially those coming from small-scale mine
Abstract: The mining and mineral processing sites, contain a significant amount of metal
industry in the Philippines is currently facing a ions that can harm both humans and the
bleak future with the allegations of environment. This study utilized an iron(III)-
modified montmorillonite (FeMMT) clay to
UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018 remove Cu(II) and Hg(II) in synthetic

57

wastewater. The adsorption performance of plating acceleration.
the clay at varying adsorption time and initial *Co-author: Prof. Sudipta Roy
ion concentration was determined in order to
define the kinetic and isotherm mechanisms LESLIE JOY L. DIAZ Chair in
of the ions. Characterization of the Fe-MMT Oscar M. Lopez Professorial
using X-ray diffraction revealed the Environmental Engineering
characteristic peak at 6.79° 2θ that
corresponds to d001 spacing of 13.02 Å. “Technology Adaptors Seek Beyond
Elemental analysis confirmed the successful Laboratory Scale Valorization of High-
conversion to Fe-MMT with high amounts of Performance Local Fillers in Rubber”
retained Fe in the clay. Batch adsorption
experiments using Fe-MMT revealed the Abstract: Manufacturing industry in the
highest removal after 24 hours to be 87.67% Philippines are very much dependent on
and 33.17% for Cu(II) and Hg(II), respectively. imported raw materials to be used in their
Kinetic modelling of the Cu(II) adsorption was production line. This is despite the fact that
found to agree with the pseudo-first order these materials are actually present in the
model while Hg(II) adsorption followed the country, though in impure or low grade form.
pseudo-second order model. On the other The government has set-up programs to
hand, results showed a decreasing adsorption increase local content of various products in
trend with increasing initial ion concentration. the country including motor vehicles
Cu(II) adsorption on agrees well with the stipulated in the Comprehensive Automotive
Langmuir isotherm model while the Hg(II) Resurgence Strategy (CARS) program. Thus
adsorption fits better with the Freundlich the Rubber Project 3 (RP3), funded by the
isotherm model. Based from these models, Department of Science and Technology
theoretical adsorption capacities of Fe-MMT (DOST) investigated materials that may be
were calculated to be 40.077 mg/g and 1.418 utilized by the industry for the manufacture of
mg/g for Cu(II) and Hg(II), respectively. automotive parts. It was identified that 90 to
100% of the filler materials, mainly carbon
*Co-author: Leslie Joy L. Diaz black and silica, used in the manufacture of
tires are imported despite the presence of
EDEN MAY B. DELA PEÑA these materials in the Philippines. Carbon
Antonio and Lourdes Tanchuling Mining from coconut shell, coal minerals, and
Engineering Centennial Professorial Chair carbon from recycled rubber (CRR) were
obtained as carbon black substitutes.
“Electrochemical Effect of Copper Gleam A, Morphological and compositional analysis
Copper Gleam B and Cl- Concentration on showed that CRR has the highest potential to
Low Metal Ion Concentration Electrolyte” serve as substitute filler in rubber. Treatment of
this material increased purity from 55% to 94%
Abstract: The electrochemical effect of and utilization in rubber compound obtained
additives; polyethylene glycol (PEG), and bis- tensile strength, however, caused the tensile
(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS) and chloride ions strength to drop to 50% less than that of the
(Cl-) is well known. However, its effect on low one filled by carbon black while the tensile
metal ion concentration is still unknown. In this modulus increased to 132% (212 MPa). For
work copper has been deposited using low nanosilica on the other hand, silica in rice hulls
metal copper ion electrolyte with and without ash, silica mineral, and silica by-product
the abovementioned additives. It was found from geothermal brine were considered. The
that the three additives caused an increased geothermal silica was found to be the
in cathode polarization when used singularly. material with structure and composition
The combination of PEG and Cl- caused almost similar to that of the reference
inhibition particularly in the diffusion-limited material form industry especially after
region. On the other hand, SPS and Cl- treatment was applied. When used as filler in
increased the limiting current suggesting
UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018
58

rubber, it resulted to a tensile strength and nature.
modulus almost equal (1826 psi and 998 psi)
to that of the rubber filled with reference *Co-authors: K.K. De Leon, A.J. De Guzman
silica. The adoption of the substitute fillers by and H.D. Mendoza
the rubber manufacturing industry seemed
promising, however, mass production cannot ASTRID AYLA E. LIBERATO
be done at this point yet given that most of Integrated Microelectronics, Inc. (IMI)
the potential technology adaptors from the Professorial Chair
industry still have hesitations given that pilot-
scale investigation has to be investigated yet. “A Parametric Study on the Electrospinning of
Equipment that may be employed still have Polycaprolactone-Na-Montmorillonite Fibers
to be determined given that treatments using a Multi-Nozzle Electrospinning Assembly”
found to be effective were all done in the
laboratory yet at this point. Abstract: Electrospinning is a simple and cost-
effective method for fabricating polymer
RICHARD DV ESPIRITU nanofibers that allows control on the fiber
Willy Lim Bon Teck Engineering Mining dimensions, and morphology. A multi-nozzle
Centennial PC electrospinning equipment can be used for a
higher yield compared to single-nozzle
“Fabrication and Characterisation of Cu-Zn- assemblies. However, several suspension and
Sn Shape Memory Alloy via process parameters settings for the latter may
Electrodeposition-Annealing Route” not work with the former thus requiring a
parametric study. In this research, different
*Paper submitted to the Journal of Alloys and combinations of applied voltage, working
Compounds. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. distance and flow rate were investigated
using a multi-nozzle electrospinning assembly
MARIE ANGELYNNE C. FABRO to determine its effect on the Taylor cone
M.E. Sicat Professorial Chair angle, Taylor cone volume, and fiber
diameter of PCL/PCL-NaMMT nanofibers. The
“Flotation Response of Local Manganese results of this study showed that viscosity is not
Ore”* an absolute measure of suitability of a
polymer solution/suspension to be
Abstract: In this study, the flotation response electrospun. Moreover, the parameter
of a local manganese ore from Sanchez Mira, combination having the smallest Taylor cone
Cagayan was investigated. Initial ore volume produced the closest Taylor cone
characterization was done using X-Ray angle to the theoretical and the smallest
Diffraction, X-Ray Fluorescence and Thin mean fiber diameter.
Section Analysis. Flotation was done using
oleic acid as collector and sodium sulfite as *Co-authors: ALMARIO, Claudyne; MORENO,
modifier. Results showed that the ore is 48% Steffany Ann; and ACAY, Jenn
manganese with a maximum size of 150
microns. From a factorial experiment using EDUARDO R. MAGDALUYO JR.
collector dosage, pH, presence of modifier Semirara Professorial Chair in Wall Mining
and particle size as the parameters, it was
found that recovery reached 53.74% with 3.6 “Integrated DLM-COPRAS Method in
lbs/ton of oleic acid at pH 10, 80% passing Materials Selection of Laminated Glass
270 mesh and with modifier. Grade Interlayer for Fuel-Efficient Concept Vehicle”
increased to 54.37% with collector dosage at
1.2 lbs/ton at pH 10, 270 mesh and with Abstract: Materials selection was carried out
modifier. From these results, it was concluded for the identification of best materials for use
that collector adsorption is not electrostatic in as interlayer in laminated glass windshield

UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018 59

and windows. The application of the windows photomicrographs after cementation show
and windshield would be in a fuel efficient porous botryoidal and dendritic deposit that
concept vehicle, with maximization of safety enables the cementation reaction to
and fuel economy as the primary objectives. proceed. Recovery is higher at elevated
The Complex Proportional Analysis (COPRAS) temperature for both pH levels. The
multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) with dependence of the reaction to the increase
digital logic method (DLM) was used for the in temperature may be attributed to faster
materials selection. There were five materials reaction rates at elevated temperature,
being considered, and these include poly- possibly indicating a surface controlled
vinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate cementation process while the rotating
(EVA), SentryGlas (SG), poly-ethylene speed is found more significant at higher
terephthalate with EVA (XLAB) and a strong temperature than at lower temperature
formulation of PVB named HG/MD interlayer suggesting that the reaction is a diffusion
film. Based on the five key criteria used for the controlled process at higher temperature.
assessment of these alternatives, the XLAB Using the Arrhenius equation relationship the
would be the best material for glass interlayer. computed activation energy from the
It has the highest Qi value that indicates reaction is 38.5 kJ/mol. This values signifies
having maximized beneficial criteria. that the reaction is mix of surface chemical
controlled and diffusion controlled
*Co-author: Mark Vincent G. Manalo mechanisms.

JILL Z. MANAPAT *Co-authors: Manolo G. Mena and Herman
MIESCOR-Cesar Nuguid Professorial Chair D. Mendoza

“Morality and Citizenship Outcomes of Service MANOLO G. MENA
-Learning in Psychology and Materials Don Benito Yao MetE Centennial Prof. Chair
Engineering”*
“Analysis of Dendrite Images Formed by
*Submitted and for inclusion in the first issue of Electrochemical Migration in a
the PSSR. Co-author: Danielle P. Ochoa. Semiconductor Sensor”

JOY MARISOL F. MANIAUL Abstract. EDX analysis showed that the
SR Metals Professorial Chair dendrites grown from bare sensor dice
consisted of tin metal. The dendrites were
“Cementation of Gold (III) Chloride using Zinc massive in nature. Dendrites grown from
Powder”* mechanically decapped parts consisted of
silver. The silver dendrites exhibited lace-like
Abstract: Cementation is a metal structure. Binary and grey scale images of
displacement method where the more noble dendrites were analyzed for fractal dimension
metal is precipitated by a more number and branch density. The tin dendrites
electronegative metal. This study evaluated had a higher, statistically significant branch
the recovery of gold(III) chloride cementation density number than silver, due to tin‘s more
using zinc powder at varying pH, temperature intricate branching pattern. Fractal numbers
and stirring can be used to differentiate between tin and
rate under nitrogen atmosphere. Powder silver dendrites.
cementation was used to study gold
cementation where the concentration of the UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018
solution was taken at specific time intervals.
Results showed that maximum recovery for
Zinc is achieved at pH 4, at 50ᵒC temperature
and stirring rate of 400 rpm. The SEM

60

HERMAN D. MENDOZA TERENCE LUCERO F. MENOR
Philex Mining Corp. UP Centennial Professorial Cesar Virata-Daikin Industries Professorial
Chair-2 Chair

“Upgrading of Palawan Silica Deposits for “Electrokinetic Behavior of Solder Powders in
Glass Industry " Non-aqueous Media”

A process flow for the upgrading the Palawan Abstract: Solder paste dispensing is a key
silica deposits for the glass industry is process in the electronics assembly. The
introduced. An upgrading/ beneficiation increased global demand for smaller, lighter,
technique is a scrubbing /washing treatment faster and cheaper assemblies drives the
for silica sand ore which uses conditions set electronics industry to use dispensers with finer
based on an attachment -detachment study apertures. However, reduction in the aperture
conducted initially for a hematite-silica size of dispensers faces the industry with
system. The packed column technique was increased clogging of dispensers and
used to investigate the attachment and incomplete transfer of paste to the printed
detachment of ultrafine hematite particles circuit board (PCB) pads. One factor
(0.33 microns) onto and from macroscopic contributing to the clogging of dispensers is
silica particles (104 microns). Attachment of the agglomeration of the solder powder
hematite particles onto silica particles was suspensions which depends on the
found to be optimum at conditions pH 3-6 electrokinetic behavior of the particles. When
when hematite particles have opposite suspensions are close to the point of no
surface potential to that of silica particles. charge, wherein zeta potential is equal to
Detachment of hematite particles from silica zero, the particles tend to agglomerate. This
particles was most effective at conditions pH work focuses on the determination of the zeta
9 - 11 when the surface potentials of both potential of Sn, SAC305 and PbSn5Ag2.5
hematite and silica particles are of the same suspensions in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) through
negative potentials. It is also at these alkaline microelectrophoresis. The effect of acid
conditions that the attachment of hematite (HNO3), base (KOH) and flux additives (DA444
particles back to the silica surface is not and RM218) were investigated. Results
possible because of the presence of an showed that the zeta potential of the three
insurmountable energy barrier. The results solder powders are negative in pure IPA.
were analyzed using the Darguin-Landau- Charge reversal occurred in the acidic region
Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) energy theory. with zero zeta potential at around 10-5 M
A silica sand ore (98 % SiO2 and 0.25 % Fe2O3) HNO3. Both RM218 and DA444 affected the
from Palawan, used as a raw material for zeta potential of the suspensions but low
leading glass bottling manufacturing magnitudes were obtained from suspensions
companies in the Philippines, was used in the in DA444-IPA solutions. These low magnitudes
scrubbing/ washing procedure. In scrubbing, were attributed to the high ionic strengths of
moderate force is applied just enough for these solutions. Similarity in the electrokinetic
silica particles to rub each other in order to behavior of Sn and PbSn5Ag2.5 suspensions
take off the iron slimes and stains from their was observed due to the presence of large
surfaces. The scrubbing/washing treatment amounts of oxygen and carbon on the
must be adjusted to alkaline conditions pH 9- surface of the two solder powders.
11, to prevent the attachment of hematite
particles back onto the surface of cleaned *Co-authors: Manolo G. Mena, Herman D.
silica. The limit for the amount of iron impurities Mendoza
is dictated commercially by the glass bottling
industry which ranges from 0.02- 0.05% Fe2O3.
This technique yielded a scrubbed and
washed silica sand material containing 0.04 %
Fe2O3.

UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018 61

CANDY C. MERCADO MAGDALENO R. VASQUEZ
PHINMA Foundation Professorial Chair Jardiolin Family Professorial Chair 1

“Photo Electrochemical Activity of “Effects of Discharge-forming Gases on the
Amorphous Anodized TiO2 Nanotubes” Antibacterial Sensitivity of Plasma-reduced
Silver Impregnated in Natural Zeolites”*
*Paper submitted to Elsevier. Co-authors:
Michael Eric Lubrin, Hazel Anne Hernandez *Published in the Journal of Materials Science,
and Reynaldo Carubio Jr. Vol. 53, No. 16. ISSN 0022-2461
Co-author: Airah P. Osoyno

IVY ANN C. RAZONADO
Semirara Mining & Power Corporation
Professorial Chair (2)

“Thermal Conductivity Enhancement in
Unsaturated Polyester-Nanoclay Composite
via Sonification-induced Microstructure
Modification”*

Abstract: In the continuing miniaturization of

our technology, microprocessor packages

need to have improved heat dissipation

within the package, thus a need for material

with better thermal conductivity must be

fabricated. This study focused on the effect of

sonication in mixing unsaturated polyester –

clay nanocomposite on the thermal

conductivity and microstructure of the

nanocomposite. Polymer-clay

nanocomposites at 5% by volume filler

loading were prepared via solution

intercalation method. Organomodified

montmorillonite (MMT) were dispersed in the

unsaturated polyester (UP) polymer matrix via

manual mixing and high frequency sonication

mixing. Transmission electron microscopy

(TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) suggested

polymer intercalation with an increase in the

d-spacing of MMT platelets with the aid of

sonication. Furthermore, heat is transferred

from chain to chain by rotation and vibration

of chains and the presence of MMT between

polymer chains made it easier for these

chains to rotate. Thus with better dispersion of

nanoclay in the polymer matrix, there is an

increase in thermal conductivity.

*Co-authors: Emee Grace T. Suarnaba,
Lawrence V. Madriaga and Leslie Joy L. Diaz

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64 UP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2018