Pirates

Knitted hats Crew Step by step
were very
warm. The pirate crew needed There were many layers to a
to wear clothes able to pirate’s outfit. They often slept
survive the wet and cold in their undergarments, so
conditions out at sea. Most dressing in the morning was
pirates had two or three a simple process.

sets of clothes.

A woolen Undergarments
sailor’s jacket Undergarments
consisted of a linen
shirt, a pair of linen
“drawers” (underwear),
and woolen stockings.

The cuff could Waistcoat and slops
be unbuttoned The next thing to go on
and folded out were the canvas slops,
of the way. followed by a waistcoat
with a belt over the top.

Canvas “slops” were Stock and shoes
not fashionable, but Shoes went on next,
ideal for working then a linen “stock.”
on deck. This was a type of neck
cloth that provided
Pirates often warmth and protection
needed to mend from the sun.
their woolen
stockings. Jacket and hat
Finally the pirate put
on his jacket and hat.
Important possessions
were probably kept in
the jacket pockets.

49

Interview with Blackbeard FACT FILE

Pirate tyrant » Name: Edward Teach
» Dates: c.1690–1718
Edward Teach, more commonly known as » Location: The Caribbean
Blackbeard, was one of the most famous pirates in
history. For two years he terrorized the Caribbean and the American coast
and American coast, at one point holding a whole
town for ransom. After he was killed, his head was
publically displayed to prove he was dead.

Q: Blackbeard, why do you think you Q: Where were you born?
became so famous? A: It’s a mystery. I had
A: I knew that being a pirate would be family in Jamaica, and used to
easier if everyone was already frightened work in Philadelphia in America,
of me, so I made a lot of effort to get but I was probably born in
myself known. the port of Bristol, England.
Q: Did your huge beard help? Q: Do you ever feel bad about
A: Not many people had beards in robbing and killing people?
my day, so it was a way of becoming A: Not really. I didn't often kill
recognized and remembered. The people, but would hurt them
beard was my trademark. to get what I want.
Q: How did you become so powerful Q: Did you ever sell slaves?
and feared in America? A: Yes, slaves were worth
A: My flagship, Queen Anne’s Revenge, a lot of money! I sold
was the biggest pirate ship in the region, 50 of them when I
and I had other ships with me, too. tried to retire in North
Q: How did you keep command over Carolina on the
your enormous crew? American coast.
A: I gave them success! And if that didn’t
work I would occasionally shoot one, just
to remind them who was in charge.

50

Let’s jump on Q: What was your greatest
board, and cut achievement?
them to pieces! A: I held Charleston, South Carolina, to
ransom for several days because my crew
Lit fuses in needed a medicine chest. That really
Blackbeard’s made my name as a pirate.
hair made an Q: What’s your secret to success?
intimidating A: Due to my reputation, nobody wanted
sight.
to fight the notorious
Blackbeard! I would put
burning matches in my hair
when I boarded a ship, and
that used to terrify people.
People practically gave me
their stuff after that.
Q: Do you have any regrets?
A: If I’d quit while I was ahead I might
not have been killed.

BlawckitbheBarridtiswhaNsRafoivnbaaellrlftyoMrkciaellysendcaoirnmd.amfaienrdceedbbatytle

51

Meet the expert

David Moore is a maritime archaeologist and
historian who specializes in shipwrecks. In 1996
he helped locate the wreck of the Queen Anne’s
Revenge—Blackbeard’s legendary flagship. He
continues to study it to this day.

Q: We know it’s something to do with biography on Blackbeard and that solidified
pirate ships, but what is your actual job? my personal interest in piracy.
A: My position with the North Carolina Q: What made you want to become
Maritime Museum is the Curator of an underwater archaeologist?
Nautical Archaeology. Most of my duties A: After graduating in 1980 with a degree
entail working on the Queen Anne’s in marine science, I participated in an
Revenge Shipwreck Project, which underwater archaeology field school that
includes diving on the site and same summer. During the course of our
mapping the wreck remains. investigations we located and examined
Q: How did you first get interested two shipwrecks. I was immediately
in pirates? fascinated by the potential of studying
A: Like many people, I’ve always had a shipwrecks as a profession.
general interest in the exploits of pirates. Q: When you’re on the seabed, what
As an undergraduate in college I read a an you actually see?
A: The Queen Anne’s Revenge shipwreck site
David Moore exploring a shipwreck is subjected to tidal flow [currents in the
water caused by the tides], which means
52 that visibility on the site is normally
restricted to about 3–4 ft (1–1.2 m).
Q: When you find something big, say,
a cannon, how do you get it out of
the water?
A: Before recovery, a cannon is totally
excavated to make sure that additional
objects are not attached that might make
moving it more problematic. Then heavy-

duty straps are wrapped around the Lifting a cannon onto the deck
barrel and attached to a lifting bag, to
float the gun off the site. The gun is then Q: What amazing things have you
hooked up to a crane on the boat, lifted found from the Queen Anne’s Revenge?
clear of the water, and placed on large A: One cool item was gold dust recovered
wooden blocks set on the deck. from the site. We know that the slave ship
Q: What is the best thing that’s Concorde had in excess of 20 lbs (9 kg) of
happened to you at work? gold dust onboard when captured by
A: The locating and eventually identifying Blackbeard. So recovering gold dust from
of Blackbeard’s flagship Queen Anne’s the site was no real surprise.
Revenge, particularly after proposing to Q: Do you have a favorite pirate?
look for the wreck so many years ago and A: Because he left at least three
having no one take it seriously! shipwrecks here in North Carolina waters
Q: What is the worst thing that’s where I work, and the fact that we have
happened to you at work? been working on his flagship, I would
A: Although I’ve never been seriously have to say Blackbeard.
injured while at work, I did suffer a Q: . If we wanted to become an
burst eardrum about eight years ago. underwater archaeologist, what
Making four or five dives a day down would we need to do?
about 25 ft (8 m) to the site can put your A: If you're serious about becoming an
inner ear through a workout. underwater archaeologist, you should
obtain a certification in SCUBA diving.
Raising the anchor You should also get an undergraduate
degree in marine sciences, history, or
archaeology, and probably a Master’s
degree in a similar discipline.

53

Life on land ! WOW!

Pirates could not spend all of their time at sea. Pirate Henry
They needed to be able to repair their vessels, Jennings declared
stock up on supplies, and have somewhere to himself governor
spend their treasure. There were a choice of
pirate ports they could head to—and special of the Bahama
reasons why they would pick each one. Islands.

Good

• Nassau gave the pirates
easy access to rich
Atlantic trade routes.

• A strong fort protected
ships at anchor in
the harbor.

Nassau Bad • British authorities could
not allow the pirates to
The Bahamas were a British The Bahamas are remain in control.
colony, but in 1716 the authorities located in the
lost control of the islands to Caribbean Sea. • Many inhabitants
pirates. The pirates made their opposed the pirates’
headquarters in the capital presence in the islands.
Nassau, until they were evicted
by Woodes Rogers in 1718.
54

• Pirates could stay in Good
the region for years
at a time.

• No European
government could
evict the pirates
from the island.

• The trading post Bad
charged high prices for
Isle St. Marie the available goods.

A trading post was set up on an island • Angry natives
off the coast of Madagascar. Here eventually drove the
pirates could trade their loot for useful pirates from the island.
supplies, such as food, gunpowder,
books, and clothing. Madagascar is
an island off Africa.

Good • A friendly government
welcomed buccaneers
of all nations.

• A fort in the harbor
protected the
buccaneers’ vessels.

Bad • Buccaneers fighting
among themselves
made Tortuga a very Tortuga Tortuga
dangerous place. is located
Seventeenth-century buccaneers in the
• The French government helped to secure the Caribbean Caribbean
eventually kicked the island Tortuga for the French, and Sea.
buccaneers off the island. were allowed to use it as a base.
55

Are there still pirates?

You might think you’re safe from a pirate attack in the modern
world, but piracy was common throughout the 20th century and
still takes place today. As long as there are ships on the world’s
oceans and lakes, there will be pirates trying to capture them.

FACT FILE “Roaring”
Dan Seavey
»LaLkoecs,aNtioornth: TAhme eGrriecaat
» Active: 1900–1920s Dan Seavey was an early
20th-century pirate who sailed
on the Great Lakes of North
America. He raided ships
in the harbor at night,
kidnapped women, and

hijacked boats sailing
on the lakes.

Felix von Luckner FACT FILE

German Felix von Luckner » Location: Atlantic
famously captured 14
British merchant ships Ocean and Pacific Ocean
during the First World
War. He was caught near » Active: 1916–1917
New Zealand in 1917,
escaped the same year, and
then was captured again!

56

Malacca Straits ! WOW!

More than one-third of all trade ships in In 2009, an
the world pass through a narrow stretch American ship was
of water called the Malacca Straits, in
Southeast Asia. This attracts pirates to captured by
the area, and in 2015 more than 125 pirates for the first
ships were attacked in this area alone.
time in around
» FACT FILE 200 years.

AsLiaoncwataitoenrs: South East

» Active: Throughout time

Somali pirates FACT FILE

Using fast boats, machine guns, » Location: Somalian coast,
and rocket launchers, pirates from
Somalia in East Africa are well-known East Africa
for hijacking cargo ships and
kidnapping passengers. » Active: 2005–present

57

Number of merchant Piracy in
captains killed by numbers
pirate Philip Lyne.
What we know about pirates
often comes from the records of
survivors. Impress your friends
with these amazing facts!

$318,000,000 52
Estimated cost in today’s money
of the richest prize captured by Pirates hung at
pirates, the Nuestra Señora de Cabo Corso,
la Cabo. It was taken by Africa, in 1722,
Richard Taylor and Olivier the most
la Buse in 1721. executed at one
time during the
Golden Age.

Number of men 50
drowned when
the pirate ship Number of
Whydah sank cannons on
in 1717. the pirate
58 ship Speaker.

20,000 5,000PtioaraGchtteiaovsvleededsbetueinrmeinnAagtgetdehe.HiDnadyssasiplienngt1,020 abryotuhnedctrheew ofthewGoorlldd.en
Number of pirates
under the command
of Ching Shih.

108 400

Number of villagers kidnapped Number of ships
in the largest attack by Barbary pirates captured by
on a settlement in Ireland or Britain.
Bartholomew Roberts

22 400

Number of merchant Number of pirates in Blackbeard’s crew.
ships abandoned by their
crews when Bartholomew
Roberts approached
Trepassy Harbor,
Canada, in 1720.

59

Glossary governor Government
official in charge of an island
These words will be useful to know when or colony
finding out all about pirates and their hanging Deadly punishment
adventures on the seven seas. in which a person is hung
from a rope around their neck
articles Set of rules followed flintlock Type of gun hold Area of a ship used
by pirates onboard a ship that lets off sparks for storage
bow Front of a ship when fired Jolly Roger A pirate ship’s
broadside Cannons placed flogging Whipping, used flag
along one side of a ship as a punishment junk Type of Asian
buccaneers Pig-hunters and frigate Type of fast, sailing ship
soldiers on land who became three-masted ship loot Money or goods stolen
pirates in the Caribbean Sea galleon Large sailing ship by pirates, sometimes
captain Person in charge with a high deck at each end called plunder
of a ship galley Ship that is rowed merchant Someone who
cargo Goods carried using oars swaps or sells goods
onboard a ship gambling Playing games to
colony Area of land or island win (or lose) money A junk
belonging to a different
country

corsair Name given to
Mediterranean pirates

crew Group of people who
work on a ship

deck Floor of a ship

fleet Several ships sailing
together

60

pistol Small gun that can scurvy Deadly illness caused
be fired at nearby objects by a lack of vitamin C
silk Expensive fabric
plunder Stolen cargo, from Asia
such as goods or money slave Person forced to work
for someone else
port Waterside town or slaver Type of ship used
city where ships sail from to transport slaves. It was
usually fast-moving and
Loot privateer Someone given well-armed
permission to commit piracy sloop Small, fast,
merchant ship Ship that by a government single-masted vessel
carries goods from one place provisions Food, drink, and stern Back of a ship
to another other things needed by a trade route Route sailed
musket Large gun that could ship’s crew while at sea by merchant ships carrying
shoot objects that are faraway rigging Ropes on a ship goods from one country
muzzle Front end that hold up masts and to another
of a gun or cannon control sails vessel Boat or ship
navy Collection of warships rum Alcoholic drink made windward In the direction
owned by a government from sugar cane from which the wind
notorious Famous or sails Large pieces of fabric is blowing
well-known that catch the wind to help
move a ship forward

officer Person with extra Pirate ships carried
responsibility and authority barrels of wine as
on a ship a provision.
pardon When a criminal is
forgiven by a government
and allowed to go free

piracy Stealing at sea

pirate Person who steals
at sea

61

Index

A cutlasses 28 gambling 31, 44
Gang-i-Sawai 38–39
al Hurra, Sayyida 12 D gold dust 53
American coast 9, 50 Golden Age 16–17, 59
ammunition 45 Danseker, Simon 13 Golden Hind 14, 59
Anstis, Thomas 19 Davis, Howell 19, 42 Great Lakes (North America) 56
astrolabes 42 decks 25 Greeks, Ancient 11
axes 28 Defoe, Daniel 32 grenades 28
Delta, Battle of the 10 Gulf of Aden 9
B deserted islands 32 gunners 27, 30
Dionysus 11 gunpowder 28, 47
Bahamas 19, 54 doctors 30 guns 28–29, 31, 44
Barbarossa, Hayreddin 12 Drake, Francis 14–15
Barbary pirates 12–13, 59 dried food 34 H
barrels 34 drinking 45
Bellamy, Samuel 19 hangings 7, 33, 39, 58
Blackbeard 7, 16, 50–51, E hats 37, 48, 49
hijackings 57
52–53, 59 East India Company 5, 39 hooks 6, 7
boats 6, 7, 17, 24–25 Egypt, Ancient 10 Hornigold, Benjamin 41
boatswains 30 Elizabeth I, Queen 14
Bonny, Anne 36, 37 Every, Henry 16, 38–39 I
Brooke, James 47
buccaneers 4 F Indian fleet 38, 39
Indian Ocean 9, 40
C Far East 46–77 Isle St. Marie 55
Farrell, Sadie 5
Caesar, Julius 11 female pirates 36–37 J
cannons 17, 24, 29, 43, figureheads 24
films 7 Jamaica 9, 50
53, 58 fines 33 Jennings, Henry 54
captains 20, 26 first pirates 10–11 Jolly Roger 18, 19
Caribbean 8, 9, 40, 50, 54–55 First World War 56 junks 46
carpenters 27 flags 18–19, 24
cat-o’-nine-tails 33 flintlock pistols 44 K
caulking 45 flogging 33
Ching Shih 47, 59 food and drink 34–35 Kidd, Captain William 16,
Christian slaves 21 forced men 27 22–23, 40
cleaning 44
clothing 26–27, 36, 37, 42, G kidnappings 42, 57, 59

48–49 galleons 6, 24 L
Cocklyn, Jeremiah 19
crew 17, 26–27, 32–33, 49 legends 11

62

Long John Silver 7 Philips, John 19 Seavey, “Roaring” Dan 56
Luckner, Felix von 56 pieces of eight 20 Selkirk, Alexander 32
Lyne, Philip 58 pirate hotspots 8–9 shares 30
pirate hunters 40–41, ships 6, 7, 17, 24–25
M ship’s boys 27
47, 54 shipwrecks 52–53
Madagascar 9, 55 pirate rules 30–31 shoes 48, 49
Malacca Straits 57 pistols 17, 28, 30, 44 silver 15
maps, treasure 22 ports 54–55 skull and crossbones 18, 19
maritime archaeology 52–53 preserved food 34 slaves 12, 21, 50
marooned pirates 32 privateers 5, 14, 38 slops 49
Marshalsea Prison 40 punishments 4, 31, 32–33, Somali pirates 57
masts 25 South China Sea 9
Maynard, Robert 51 36, 40, 41 Spanish Armada 15
Mediterranean Sea 9, 12–13 spices 14, 21
modern pirates 56–57 Q Stevenson, Robert Louis 22
Money Pit (Oak Island) 23 sugar 20
Moody, William 19 quartermasters 26 Surcouf, Robert 5
Moore, David 52–53 Queen Anne’s Revenge 52 Swallow, HMS 43
Morgan, Henry 4 swords 28
Mughal of India 39 R
music 44 T
muskets 29 Read, Mary 36, 37
myths 6–7 Red Sea 38 Teach, Edward see Blackbeard
rigging 25 Teuta, Queen of Illyria 11
N river pirates 5 thieves 31
Roberts, Bartholomew 19, tobacco 20
Nassau 9, 54 Tortuga 9, 55
Newton, Robert 7 42–43, 59 trade routes 8–9, 16
Nichols, Thomas 19 Robinson Crusoe 32 treasure 6, 7, 20–21,
North Africa 12–13, 21 Rogers, Woodes 19,
Nuestra Señora de la Cabo 22–23, 39
41, 54 Treasure Island 22
24, 58 Romans 11 turtles 35
Nuestra Señora de la Roosevelt, Franklin D. 23 types of pirate 4–5
Royal Navy 38, 40,
Concepción 15 W
43, 51
O Royal Rover 43 waistcoats 48, 49
rudders 25 walking the plank 6, 7,
Oak Island (Canada) 23 rules 30–31
officers 48 32
Ottoman Empire 12, 13 S Wang Zhi 47
Ward, John 13
P sailmaking 45 weapons 28–29
sails 25 work and play 44–45
Palmer, Hubert 22 salmagundi 35
parrots 6, 7 salted food 34 63
scurvy 35
Sea Peoples 10

Acknowledgments

DORLING KINDERSLEY would like to thank: Suneha Dutta for editorial assistance, Fiona Macdonald,
Nehal Varma, Shubham Rohatgi, Sachin Singh, and Vijay Kandwal for design assistance, Polly Goodman
for proofreading, and Helen Peters for the index. The publishers would also like to thank David Moore for
the “Meet the expert” interview, Lol Johnson for photography, Juliana Sergot for make-up, Ed Fox,
Zachary Wright, Kathleen Teece, Sam Priddy, Tim Eagling, Jonathan Terris, Anthony Limerick, and
Edward Leighton for modelling, and Andrew Kerr and Maltings Partnership for their illustrations.

The publisher would like to thank the 41 Alamy Stock Photo: North Wind Picture Ian Dagnall 0 (1841), GL Archive 0 (1883),
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