Animals

Spots and stripes 5
provide camouflage
for this baby.

4 This tiny baby is born 6
D without hair and with
its eyes closed. This newborn has
orange fur for its
E first six months.

F

Budgerigar Tapir Butterfly

These colourful birds are the Related to rhinoceroses and Some insects, like butterflies,
smallest members of the horses, tapirs begin life with change into adults through
parrot family. Baby birds are protective camouflage. Adults an amazing process called
born covered in fluffy down lose this pattern as predators metamorphosis. Their body
before growing full feathers. are less of a threat. changes shape completely.

Seeing A baby lizard catches a Baby guinea pigs stay This baby seahorse is a
double ride on its mother’s back. close to their mother. tiny version of its father.

Sometimes there is no
mistaking who is the
mother or father.
These newborns look
like miniature versions
of their parents.

Answer: 1D 2F 3A 4E 5B 6C 49

Deadly animals Actual size

Approach this lot at your peril! Not all animals are
furry and friendly. Some specialize in producing
poisons or venom. Poison is deadly if touched, but
venom must be injected to have its toxic effect.
Poisons can put off potential predators, but
venomous fangs can be used to kill prey.

Thiscjheellmyfiicsahlshiansi2ts0v0ednioffmer.ent BTsEtstehledoatoianfiiocssnexkhtn,gasci’lalcjacitlonnealnsfenrgdilwksygclcheiioyesvmlvnltlaefeliitnnsintnnaosodwgiaponmheoinerstctoohliho5uonpfte,ssls0hretet0he,amt0senpooatoro.winneeer!
One bite from
an inland taipan Inland taipan
contains enough
venom to kill Nicknamed “the fierce
100 people! snake”, Australia’s
inland taipan has the
50 most toxic venom of any
snake in the world. Rats
are its main prey and
they are bitten several
times before the snake
swallows them whole.

Despite its nickname, this
snake is actually very shy
and is rarely seen.

Golden poison dart frog

This frog has poisonous skin, and is the
most poisonous animal in the world.
A single golden poison dart frog could kill
10 people, but it is only found in the
Colombian rainforest.

Brazilian wandering
spider
awshfTcuaiihcdslcilethedgsmeBainvdrsoaetuvaazraelilillronypi.aggodInntpiteshwittnleoueatwrnidoabdarnleylesadyrni.aifnnnaotgddladaslcrpbibktioiidtpexeesl,ra,iafciintseitsda,is

MOST POISONOUS! Faking it

Bright colours often mean an animal is
deadly. Venomous coral snakes are so
feared that harmless milk snakes have
changed over time to look like them. The
milk snake’s skin now looks so similar to the
coral snake’s that predators avoid them.

IMPOSTER!

atldTDehteasenakestimiatghnohostgxttshita,tchlaspktentheetdoraaiptnsslllctkeeoionoetbrhgfperieimcnorasgsnouc,.sostotAenhdrliisttsephiaigdsoidheuoalstygg.enhgrartnietsismscsoviavrelpeni,isoosmtnthrikeiksiilnlsg Harmless milk snake
Venomous coral

snake

51

Meet the expert

We meet Professor David Macdonald, director
of the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit
(WildCRU) at the University of Oxford, UK. He
and his team study lots of animals around the
world, but have a special interest in lions.

Q: We know it is something to do with tigers, are killing and eating their cattle. So I
animals, but what is your actual job? will try to find a way to help the animals and
A: Wildlife conservation means trying to people to live alongside each other.
help animals that are in danger of dying
out in the wild. This may be because too Q: What made you decide to try to help
many are being hunted by people, or for to save lions?
other reasons. For example, there may be
a problem with people becoming angry A: I chose lions because their numbers are
because wild animals, such as leopards or falling fast. There are just over 20,000 lions
left in Africa today, compared to 100,000
only 50 years ago.

Radio tracking
One way of keeping
track of a group of
lions is to place a radio
transmitter around the
neck of one of them.

A recferoivmertihseulsieodnetossp’sicrakduiop the signals
collar.
This lioness has been given a drug to make her sleep
while a new radio collar is fitted around her neck.

52

Q: What is a usual work day for you? Releasing a young badger back
A: One day I might be out in the field into its home wood.
searching for wild animals or signs of their
activities. The next day might be spent Studying badgers
talking to local villagers or working with Professor Macdonald also studies badgers in
people to come up with a law that will the UK. They are caught, measured, and
protect the animals. I also spend a lot of weighed every four months.
time looking at the information we have
collected on the animals. Q: What are the best and worst
Q: Do you need special equipment to things about your job?
study wild animals? A: Many wild animals are in danger and
A: Wildlife conservation needs a mix of often the problems are difficult to solve.
traditional skills and modern technology.
Sometimes we can find an animal by looking However, the best thing about my
for its footprints, but we also use satellites work is improving the lives of
in space to follow the movements of lions both the animals and the
across hundreds of kilometres. people living close to them.
Q: Is it dangerous tracking lions? I also get to work in
A: Working with big, fierce animals beautiful places with
like lions is less dangerous than amazing animals.
much of city life, so long as you
understand their behaviour 53
and treat them with care.
Q: What are the biggest
problems for lions and
what can you do to
help them?
A: Losing places where
they can live and hunt in
safety, and upsetting local
people even though they
don’t mean to. We help by
showing villagers how they
can keep their cattle safe from
lions, and we use satellite tracking
to warn them when the lions are
moving towards their farms.

Animals and us Large, floppy ears on
a small head look
The ancestors of today’s domesticated animals once attractive to people.
ran wild. Over thousands of years, humans have taken
different types of wild animal and changed the way
they look and behave. Animals provide us with food,
clothing, transport, and labour, and we have
welcomed them into our homes as pets.

Short legs and a long Dachshunds can be
body mean this small long-haired, short-haired,
dog could squeeze into or wire-haired, and their fur
a badger’s home. can be different colours.

FACT FILE Dachshund

Dogs » Length: 32–60 cm (12–24 in)
» Weight: 4–12 kg (9–26 lb)
There are about 350 breeds of dog. » Diet: Dried dog food, meat, bones, biscuits
Today, most dogs are kept as pets, » Habitat: Homes
but they were originally bred to » Life expectancy: 12–15 years
perform different tasks. Dachshunds
were once used to track badgers
underground.

Useful animals Chickens are kept
for their meat and the
Some domestic animals, such eggs that the hens lay.
as dogs and cats, live in our Their feathers may be
homes and are treated like
members of the family. Other used to fill pillows.
animals are kept for more
practical reasons. Cats are good at
catching pests
like rats and mice
as well as being a
furry friend.

54

Large, sensitive ears ! WOW!
help wolves detect prey
and hear each other howl. An adult
grey wolf’s howl
can be heard from
as far as 10 km
(6 miles) away!

Long, strong legs
mean wolves can
travel long distances
looking for prey.

Thick fur coat
keeps the wolf warm
in cold weather.

Grey wolf FACT FILE

» Length: 1–1.5 m (3–5 ft) Wolves
» Weight: 16–60 kg (35–130 lb)
» Diet: Elk, deer, reindeer, rabbits, squirrels, fish The grey wolf is the ancestor of all the
» Habitat: Forests, mountains, northern polar regions different types of pet dog. It lives in
» Life expectancy: 6–13 years packs of about eight adults, led by a

top male and female pair. By hunting
as a team, wolves can catch very
large animals.

Llamas are hardy One cow can produce
pack animals, several litres of milk
helping people every day. Cows are
transport heavy also kept for their
loads. Their wool
is used to make meat, called beef, and
warm clothing. their skin is used to
make leather.

55

Animal facts Giant pandas
and figures
spend up to 16 hours
Animals are a fascinating group. Here are a day eating
some weird and wonderful facts you might bamboo.
not know about them!

A vampire bat

can drink 50 per cent of its
body weight in blood in just

30 minutes.
South America’s basilisk lizard can run on water.

47,000,000

red crabs walk from the forests of
Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean
down to the sea every year. Their
journey takes the crabs about a week.

56

An Arabian oryx Hummingbirds
can smell rain falling up to
80 km (50 miles) away. are the only bird that can

fly backwards!

Hummingbirds
flap their wings
about 60 times
per second
when hovering.

In 1960, British
chimpanzee expert

Jane Goodall
discovered that chimps

can make and
use tools.

Chimp using a
rock to crack
a nut.

18 A mole c 3

is the number is the number of
of hours that hearts that an
a koala sleeps octopus has.
every day. The an tunnel through 100 m (330 ft) of soil in a day.
rest of their time
is spent eating 57
and resting.

Top animals Fastest on land

Animals are amazing! From the fastest, The cheetah can reach a speed of
loudest, strongest, and tallest to the 115 kph (70 mph) in just 3 seconds.
smallest animal of all, every record- The fastest a human has ever run is
breaking animal is a winner. How do you 45 kph (28 mph).
think you would compare to the animals
shown here? Tallest animal

Strongest animal Heaviest spider

The dung beetle can pull a weight A female Goliath birdeater weighs The giraffe is the world’s tallest
that is 1,141 times heavier than its about 170 g (6 oz), which is roughly living animal, stretching up to
own body. That is the equivalent of the same weight as a medium-sized 6 m (20 ft) thanks to its long legs
a human pulling six buses at once. apple. The male is much smaller. and extremely long neck.

Longest-living anima Shortest life span Deepest-diving bird

l

The giant barrel sponge can live for Adult mayflies live for only one The emperor penguin can dive
up to 2,300 years. That is more than 10 day. They do not feed, and they die as deep as 565 m (1,850 ft). It stays
times as long as the bowhead whale, after they have found a mate and underwater for up to 22 minutes
which is the longest-lived mammal. the female has laid her eggs. as it hunts for prey.

58

Fastest in water Longest leap eepest diving mamm

The sailfish can swim at a speed The snow leopard can leap as far as Lo DCuvier’s beaked whale can dive toal led
of 110 kph (68 mph) in short 15 m (50 ft) when chasing after prey depths of almost 3 km (1.9 miles).
bursts. That means it can swim 10 such as wild goats. That is about One whale stayed underwater for a
times its body length in 1 second. 15 times its body length. record 2 hours and 18 minutes.

Smallest bird Smallest insect Loudest animal

The bee hummingbird is 5 cm Fairyflies are too tiny to see. The The pistol shrimp snaps its claws to
(2 in) long, and weighs just 1.6 g smallest fairyfly is 0.16 mm (3⁄500 in) make a bubble of air in water. When
(just over 1⁄20 oz). It lays eggs that long, and would easily fit inside the it bursts, the 218 decibel sound
are smaller than a pea. full stop at the end of this sentence. produced is louder than a gunshot.

Smallest mammal Largest animal ngest distance travel

Kitti’s hog-nosed bat weighs as The blue whale is 33 m (108 ft) long The Arctic tern flies 71,000 km
little as 1.5 g (1⁄20 oz) and is 3 cm and weighs 150 tonnes (165 tons). (44,000 miles) between the Arctic
(just over 1 in) long. It is also It is roughly as big as a jumbo jet, and Antarctica and back every year,
called the bumblebee bat. and its heart is the size of a small car. for up to 30 years.

59

Glossary cold-blooded Animal with a
body temperature that goes
Here are the meanings of some words that up and down to match the
are useful for you to know when learning surrounding air or water
about animals. temperature
conservation Trying to stop
adaptation Way in which arthropod Group of an animal or plant from
an animal or plant becomes invertebrates with a tough becoming extinct
better-suited to its habitat. outer skeleton and a body coral Hard outer skeleton of
For example, a penguin’s divided into segments tiny sea animals, which can
thick feathers keep it warm birds Warm-blooded build up into widespread
in icy places vertebrates with feathers reefs in warm seas
amphibians Cold-blooded that can usually fly courtship Special types of
vertebrates that start life camouflage Colours or animal behaviour, which are
in water before moving patterns on an animal’s skin, attempts to attract a mate
between land and water fur, or feathers that help it domesticated Animals kept
when fully grown merge with the environment as pets or on farms. They
ancestor Animal or plant to carnivore Animal that eats may have been raised in a
which a more recent animal only meat house or on a farm
or plant is related environment Surroundings
in which an animal or
aquatic Something that lives cartilage A tough but plant lives
in water flexible material found in extinction When all of a
armour Naturally hard animals and that makes up particular animal or plant
body covering that provides the skeletons of sharks species die out and there are
none left in the world
protection for an animal A chameleon is gills Organs of fish and some
cold-blooded. amphibians that allow them
to breathe underwater

habitat Natural home
environment of an
animal or plant

60

herbivore Animal that eats plumage Word used to A frog is an
only plant matter describe all of the feathers amphibian.
invertebrate Animal of a bird
without a backbone poison Harmful substance symmetrical Shape with
lungs Breathing organs released by an animal or two perfectly matching parts
found inside the body of plant that may be deadly if temperate Area or climate
vertebrates touched or eaten with mild temperatures
mammals Warm-blooded predator Animal that hunts toxic Substance that is
vertebrates that have skin other living animals for food dangerous, such as poison
covered in hair and feed their prehensile Grasping body tropical Area or climate
young milk part, such as the tail of a with hot temperatures and
marine Describes animals chameleon high rainfall
and plants that live in the sea prey Animal that is hunted vegetation Plant life found
metamorphosis Process for food in a particular habitat
by which some animals primate Group of mammals, venom Harmful substance
transform themselves into a which includes monkeys released by an animal or
different form from youth to reproduce To have young plant that may be deadly if
adulthood. For example, a reptiles Cold-blooded injected into the skin, by a
tadpole becomes a frog vertebrates with scaly skin sting or fangs
microhabitat Small habitat, that reproduce by laying vertebrate Animal with a
such as the underside of a leaf eggs, such as snakes, lizards, backbone
mimic Animal that copies and crocodiles warm-blooded Animal that
the appearance or behaviour scavenger Animal that keeps a constant body
of another feeds on the leftover meat temperature
nocturnal Animals that are of another animal that
active at night, when they has already died, whether
hunt or feed by a predator attack or
nutrients Different types natural causes
of food that animals need species Specific types
to survive of animals or plants with
omnivore Animal that eats shared features that can
both plant matter and meat mate and produce young
together

61

Index

A cheetahs 58 fins 18, 19, 29
chickens 54 fish 6, 18–19, 27, 28–29,
adaptation 32–33 chimpanzees 35, 57
alligators 14 cold-blooded animals 14 41
amphibians 7, 16–17 comb jellies 28 food 24
anglerfish 29 communication 5 food chains 36–37
anteaters 10 compound eyes 23 forest habitats 24–27
ants 39 conservation 52–53 foxes 11, 30, 33, 38–39
apex predators 37 consumers 37 frogs 16, 33, 46–47,
Arabian oryxes 57 coral reefs 27
arachnids 20 cows 55 50–51
Arctic hares 27 coyotes 36 fur 8, 33
Arctic terns 59 crabs 21, 31, 56
armadillos 11, 41 crickets 23 G
axolotls 16–17 crocodiles 14
crustaceans 21 gazelles 36
B geckos 41, 43
D gills 16–17, 18, 46–47
badgers 31, 53 giraffes 10, 45, 58
bats 11, 56, 59 defence 40–43 gorillas 10
bears 10, 27, 30 dogs 54 guinea pigs 49
beavers 30 dolphins 10 gulls 13
bees 23 domestic animals 54–55
bills 12 dragonflies 48 H
birds 7, 12–13, 25 ducks 13
blackbirds 13 dung beetles 58 habitats 10–11, 24–29,
body armour 41 32
bowerbirds 45 E
breathing 4 hawks 13
budgerigars 49 eagles 27, 38 hedgehogs 11
butterflies 49 eggs 9, 13, 14, 16, 18, 46 herbivores 35, 37
elephants 9, 11 herons 13
C eyes 15, 23 homes 30–31
hummingbirds 57, 59
caecilians 17 F hunting 38–39, 55
camels 10, 32
camouflage 42–43 fairyflies 59 I
carnivores 34, 37, 38–39 fangtooths 28
caterpillars 37, 40 feathers 12, 32, 44–45 insects 20, 22–23
cats 54 feeding 4 invertebrates 20–21
chameleons, panther 14–15 feelers 20, 22–23
J

jawless fish 19
jellyfish 21, 50

62

K P snakes 15, 27, 50–51
snow leopards 59
kiwis 13 packs 38, 55 spiders 30, 43, 45, 51, 58
koalas 11, 57 pandas, giant 56 spiny devils 33
krill 37 parrots 13 sponges 21, 58
peacocks 44–45 squirrels 10, 31
L penguins 13, 32, 37, 58 starfish 21
phytoplankton 36
lampreys 19 pigeons 13 T
leopards 11, 25 placental mammals 9
life cycles 46–47 possums, brush-tailed 48 tadpoles 46–47
lions 34, 37, 52–53 producers 36 tails 13, 14, 19
lizards 6, 14–15, 41, 49, tapirs 49
R tardigrades 29
56 teeth 6, 18, 34–35
llamas 55 reproduction 5 tenrecs, common 9
reptiles 7, 14–15 termites 31
M rhinoceroses 11 toads 16
rock pools 26 tortoises 15
mammals 6, 8–11, 34 rollers, lilac-breasted 12–13 turtles 15
manatees 10
mantises 25, 40 S V
marsupials 9
mates, attracting 44–45 sailfish 59 venom 50–51
mayflies 58 salamanders 17 vertebrates 6–7
metamorphosis 46 scales 14, 19, 33
microhabitats 27 scorpions 20, 51 W
milk 8, 9 sea cucumbers 29
moles 11, 57 sea otters 9, 11 warm-blooded animals 8
molluscs 20 sea urchins 21 wasps 22–23, 31
monkeys 11, 25, 48 seahorses 49 water 24
monotremes 9 seals 9, 11 webs 30
moths 42–43 senses 5 whales 9, 10–11, 36, 59
movement 4 sharks 19, 33 wildebeest 27
shells 20, 31 wings 6, 12–13, 20, 22–23
N shelter 24, 30 wolves 38, 55
shoals 41 worms 21
nests 13, 31 shrimps, pistol 59
newts 17 silkworms 22 Y
skeletons 6–7
O skin 14, 16 young 8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 48–49
skinks, monkey-tailed 25
octopuses 29, 36, 57 skunks 41 Z
omnivores 35, 37 smell 5, 41
opossums 40 snails 20, 34 zebras 11, 35, 43
orangutans 25
owls 13, 37 63
oxygen 4

Acknowledgements

The publisher would like to thank the following people for their assistance: Ruth O’Rourke and
Kathleen Teece for editorial assistance, Alexandra Beeden for proofreading, Helen Peters for compiling
the index, Neeraj Bhatia for cutouts, and Gary Ombler for photography. The publishers would also like
to thank Professor David Macdonald and his team at the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit
(WildCRU) for the “Meet the expert” interview, and Martin French of Bugz UK and Mark Amey of
Amey Zoo for animals and handling.

The publisher would like to thank the Shah. 27 Corbis: Jim Brandenburg / Minden Ben Mcleish (bc). 51 Alamy Images: Barry Turner
following for their kind permission to (tr). Corbis: Imagemore Co., Ltd / Imagemore Co.,
reproduce their photographs: Pictures (cb); John Hyde / Design Pics (tc); W. Ltd. (cb). Dorling Kindersley: Twan Leenders
(br). 52 (c) David Macdonald (www.wildcru.org):
(Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-centre; Rolfes (ca/Brown Bear); Valentin Wolf / WildCru (all images). 53 Andrew Harrington: (tr).
f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top) 54 Alamy Images: Hollie Crabtree (br). 55 Alamy
Imagebroker (ca); Michael & Patricia Fogden (c); Images: Moodboard (br). Dorling Kindersley:
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