xjfO{ofqf, ;j+ ]bglzn
If]qsf nflu ca l/oncfO{8L
@)!* d]
jif{ * cs+ !)&
collage of IDs of different states
o; c+sdf s] s] < xfdL cfˆgf] kl/ro–kq (ID; xfdLn] cfgf] kl/ro– ubf{ JolStsf] lrgf/Lsf nflu
cfO8{ L_ eGgfn] uf8L xfFSg kq eg/] k|ofu] ug]{ rfns k|ofu] df NofOFb} cfPsf]
(What is inside ?) kfpg] cg'dlt–kq -Driver’s nfO;]G; jf To:tf]
License; 8«fOe;{ nfO;]G;_ jf cgd' lt–kqdf ;/' Iffsf kl/ro–kqdf cdl] /sL
à l/oncfO{8L s] xf] <==================! o:t} k|sf/sf] sf8{ a'‰5f}+ . sx] L dfkb08 ylkb5} . ;/sf/sf] cfGtl/s ;/' Iff
nfO;]G; jf o:t} vfnsf] To;sf] gfd xf,] l/oncfO8{ L ljefu -dGqfno_ …xfd] Nof08
(Food safety, and poisoning) kl/ro–kq /fHo ;/sf/n] -jf:tljs kl/ro–kq_ . ;]So'l/6LÚ (Homeland security)
hf/L u5{ . b]zleq xjfO–ofqf xjfO{ofqf / ;+jb] glzn ;'/Iff n] tfs] ]sf] ;'/Iff–dfkb08 yKg
à gk] fnL l;sfpg] lstfa @=========# ubf{ ;'/Iff–gfsfx?df, :yndf of] clgjfo{ x'Fb5} . yflnPsf] 5 . slt /fHon]
;+jb] glzn ;/' Iff–If]qdf k|j]z
(Public holidays of 2018) af“sL k[i7 @ df
à d x'MF g]af| :sf /fHo===================$
(I am the state of Nebraska)
à rNtLsf cu+ |]hL zAb &@==========$
(Most common Eng. words 72)
@
o:tf] ;/' Iff pkfosf nflu sfd sfg'gL–;j] f kfpg tyf @)!* d,] jif{ * cs+ !)&
ul/;ss] f 5g,\ sltn] ;+jw} flgs ;+/If0f ePsf
ul//x]sf 5g\, / s'g} /fHonfO{ ultljlw, / sfg'g sfofG{ jog
o:tf] kl| jlw yKgsf nflu yk kl| qmof jf cg;' Gwfgx?df
;do lbOPsf] 5 . o;/L ;xefuL x'g eg] l/oncfO8{ L
;'/Iff–dfkb08 ylkPsf] rflxFbg} .
kl/ro–kqnfO{ …l/oncfO8{ LÚ o:tf] kl/ro–kq dfq /xG5 <
(RealID) gfdn] lrlgG5 . /fHo ;/sf/n] b'O{ vfn]
o:tf] kl/ro–kq ;g\ @)@) kl/ro–kq lbg ;S5g\M Pp6f
cS6f]a/ ! b]lv clgjfo{ cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] cfGtl/s ;/' Iff–dfkb08 /flvPsf /
x'g]5 . ;'/Iff ljefu -dGqfno_M csf]{ ;fwf/0f vfnsf . cfˆgf]
/fHodf o:tf] 5 jf
s;}n] o:tf] kl/ro–kq xf]dNof08 ;]Sol' /6Ln] tfs] s] f] 5}g, 8f« Oe;{–nfO;]G; hf/L
b]vfpg g;s] kf;kf6] { ko| f]u ;/' Iff–dfkb08cg';f/sf] of] ug]{ sfof{no l8kf6{dG] 6 ckm
ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . t/ cdl] /sfdf sf8{sf] ;§f kf;kf6] { klg
sl/a $) k|ltzt afl;Gbf;Fu
dfq kf;kf]6{ 5 . ljbz] af6 ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5 .
cd]l/sf cfpg] JolStn] cfˆgf] o; cfqmd0f;DaGwL l/oncfO{8Lsf] ljsNksf ?kdf sfd nfUg] kf;kf6] {
bz] af6 NofPsf] kf;kf]6{ 5fglag ug{ ag]sf] cfofu] n] agfpg] ljifodf hfGg h"g @)!# / l8;]Da/ @)!^
b]vfP/ cd]l/sfleq xjfO{ofqf ;'/Iffsf nflu o:tf] kl/ro–
ug{ ;S5g\ . kf;kf6] a{ fxs] kqsf] k|:tfj u/s] f] xf] . ;g\ sf] cIfl/sf k9gx' f];\
;+3Lo ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf @))% df sf+u]|;n] JolStsf]
s]xL sf8{ klg dfGo x'G5g\ . kl/rodf hfnem]n gxf];\ eg/] df6] / e]OsN; (Department of
o;af/] hfGg oxfF x]gx{' f;] M\ Pp6f Pg] kfl/t u¥of], h;nfO{ Motor Vehicles) df a‰' g'xf];\ .
l/on cfO{8L Pg] (RealID Act)
https://www.tsa.gov/travel/se- elgG5 . l/oncfO8{ L agfpg eg]
s] eO/x]sf] 5 < cfkm" g} pkl:yt xg' k' 5{ /
curity-screening/identification pSt ljefun] tfs] ]sf sfuhft
xfn, ;a} %^ /fHo jf e"– -hGdbtf{ kd| f0fkq, kf;kf]6{
l/on cfO{8Lsf] ;f]r efudWo] %% of t cg'kfng jf cflb_ k]z ug'{k5{ .
xfdLn] gful/stfsf] ;do–lj:tf/df 5g\ . 6]S;;, !* jife{ Gbf sd pd]/sf] xsdf
cfx] fof], ˆnf]l/8f, g]ef8f /
k/LIff tof/L ubf{ k9\g] sfn] f]/f8f];dt] sf @* /fHo !* jif{eGbf sd pd/] sf
u/]sf] kZ| g …;g\ @))! l/oncfO8{ Lsf] kfngfsf kIfdf gfgLx?n] o:tf] kl/ro–kq
;]K6]Da/ !! df cd]l/sfdf s] 5g\ eg] @^ /fHo / cd]l/sL bv] fpg' kb{}g . t/ pgLx?;“u
dV' o 36gf ePsf] lyof] <Ú sf] e"–efuh:tf Ifq] nfO{ ljefun] ofqf ug]{ pd]/ k'u]sf] JolStn]
hjfkmdf xfdLn] eGg] !) cS6f]a/ @)!* ;Dd bv] fpg cfjZos xG' 5 .
u/]sf 5f+}, …cft+ssf/Låf/f ;do–lj:tf/ ug]{ ;l' jwf kb| fg yk hfGgsf nflu
cd]l/sfdf cfqmd0fÚ . xfdLnfO{ u/]sf] 5 . of] ;'ljwf kfPsf
yfxf 5– To; lbg cn–sfobf /fHosf ofqLn] ;DejtM of] l/oncfO8{ L kl/ro–
gfds cft+sjfbL ;+u7gsf cS6fa] / !) ;Dd l/oncfO8{ L kqaf/] yk hfGg oxfF xg] {'xf;] \M
cft+ssf/Ln] cd]l/sL bv] fpg' kbg{} .
cfsfzdf pl8/xs] f rf/ ljdfg sxf“ of] kl/ro–kq rflxGg <
lgoGq0fdf lnP . bO' { ljdfg
Goo' f]s{l:yt ljZj Jofkf/ o:tf] kl/ro–kq vfFrf]
sG] b÷| jN8{ 6]«8 ;G] 6/df nu/] gkg{] ;+3Lo ;/sf/L
7f]SsfP . o; s]Gb|sf bj' } lgsfodf kj| ]z ug,{ dtbftf
ejg Wj:t eP . btf{ jf dtbfg ug{, ;+3Lo
csf{] elh{lgofsf] ;/sf/af6 kfpg] ;l' jwfsf
cflnª{ 6\ gl:yt k]G6fugdf
k¥' ofP/ v;fP . rf}yf] nflu lgj]bg lbg, ;jf/L–;fwg
kG] ;neflgofdf b'36{ gfdf
k¥of] . rnfpg, :jf:Yo–;j] f kfpg, https://www.dhs.gov/real-id
#
@)!* ]d, jif{ * c+s !)& efiff l;sfpg] bf];f| ] lstfa
lvd vltj8fsf] xfd|f] xfdf| ] gk] fnL efiff efu @ !# kf7dWo] $ ;+jfb, # k0" f{lj/fd hf8] /] n]vs] f] kfOG5
gk] fnL efiff efu ! sf] cfPsf] 5 . lvd vltj8fn] uLt÷sljtf, @ uB÷lgaGw, # t/ lj/fd–lrXg, på/0f–lrXg,
;dLIff k9\g clk|n @)!& tof/ kf/s] f] of] k':ts clk|n k|Zg–lrXg, eO' +{–s6x/, /fO;–
!%, @)!* df cfof]jfsf] syf, / Ps hLjgL s"s/, :gfg–ux[ , k|];/–ss" /,
sf] cIfl/sf x]gx'{ f];\ l8dfO] gdf ;fjh{ lgs ul/Psf] 5g\ . kf7 5f6] f jfSo / jt{dfg–sfn, eljiot\–sfn
xf] . lstfadf 8f= nIdLgf/fo0f ;/n zAbdf n]lvPsf 5g\ . n]Vbf aLrdf …–Ú /fVbf cln
9sfn tyf n]vs / ;Dkfbs ;fdu|L ;dfof]hg lgs} s'zn :ki6 bl] vG5, of] rng xf] .
vltj8fsf] e"ldsf 5 . …xfdf| ] 9u+ n] ul/Psf] bl] vG5 . gfgLx¿nfO{ ae' mfpg ;lhnf]
gk] fnL efiff efu !Ú sf] ;fdfGo z4' fzl' 4sf 7fpF xf]nf eGg] cfzo . oL hf8] ]/
t'ngfdf od;f el" dsf 5f]6f n]Vg' l7s} dfGg] xf] eg] vfg]
kfl/Psf 5g\ . of] :jfut– e]l6G5g\ . s'/f, Joj:yf cGtu{t lsg
of]Uo 5 . 5'§f5§' } nl] vof] eGg] k|Zg
kf7sf] ;o+ fh] g s'zn 9+un] ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . p75\ .
o; efudf Jofs/0fdf a9L z4' fzl' 4sf 7fp“x¿ k}+rf] lnPsf c+uh|] L zAbnfO{
Wofg lbOPsf] 5 . kl/lzi6 ;fdfGo z4' fz'l4sf 7fpFx¿ c+uh|] L pRrf/0fd}
k"/} zAbfjnL / Jofs/0fdf nl] vlbg' gfgLx¿sf nflu
sl] Gb|t 5 . !# j6f kf7dWo] el] 6G5g\ . h:tf]M ;fd] af/ / kmfObfhgs xg' ;S5M 6fu]6{
$ ;+jfb, # uLt÷sljtf, @ ;f]djf/ bj' } 5g\ . bj' } nV] g] -tf/u6] _, km]a|c' /L -km/j/L_,
uB÷lgaGw, # syf, / Ps rng eP klg lzIfs– ckn|} -clk|n_, cflb . s]
hLjgL 5g\ . kf7x¿ 5f]6f lzlIfsfn] Ps¿ktf c+u|]hL dlxgfsf gfdsf nflu
jfSo / ;/n zAbdf vf]Hg ;S5g\ . To:t} ;fdfGo …g]kfnL ax[ t\ zAbsfz] Ú nfO{
n]lvPsf 5g\ . q6' L gbl] vPsf cfwf/ agfpg ;lsbg} / <
xfO] ggM\ efge' QmOnfO{ -k[= #$_, k':tssf] :j¿k
k:' ts …kl/roÚ lzif{ssf] psl5g -k=[ $!_, ˆoFlslbG5g\
;+jfbaf6 ;¿' eP klg klxnf] -k[= %$_, tflns -k[= %^_, sl/a !)=( OGr nDafO /
kf7 nf]slk|o afnslj /fdafa' ;'gpm -k=[ ^(_, es" fn -k[= *=# OGr rf8} fOsf] of] lstfa
;'j]bLsf] nf]slk|o …;ft af/ &%_ cflb . dgfpg,' arfpg', leqL (^ cfj/0f $ u/L !))
;ft lbgÚ xf] . …dnfO{ rsn6] jf0f jf af0f, ufpg cflbdf k[i7sf] 5 . lstfasf] dN" o
klgÚ lzifs{ sf] kf7df c+ssf] rGbl| jGb' rflxFbg} g\ . s] s], !@ cd]l/sL 8n/ /flvPsf]
1fg / ;fdfg vl/b ubf{ ;r" L sg' s'g, sf] sf], sxfF sxfF 5.
agfpg l;sfOPsf] 5, / of] cflbnfO{ 5'§f5'§} n]Vg ;lsG5
cfjZos xf] . …/fdsf] lbgrofÚ{ jf aLrdf …–Ú /fVbf xG' 5 . t/ cfj/0f / leqL kfgfx¿
df ;do–1fg 5 eg] …dfdfsf] k':tsdf …s:tf–s:tfÚ /lËg 5g\ . cfj/0f gGb'
snÚ df gftfuft] f s]nfOPsf] n]lvPsf] e]l6G5 . vltj8fn] tof/ kf/s] f
5 . …sfusf] hl' QmÚ O;{ k 5g\ . leqsf lrq
-lu|ssf syfjfrs_ sf] OG6/g]6;lxt ljleGg ;|f]taf6
nfs] syf oxfF klg k9g\ lnOPsf 5g\ . ;Gbe{–;fdu|Lsf]
;lsG5 . …c;n dfG5] agÚ df ;"rL clGtd ki[ 7df b]lvG5 .
afgL / :j:Yo /xg] cfbtsf
ljifodf n]lvPsf] 5 . xfdf| ] kf7zfnf,
…xfd|f cflbsljÚ eg]/ cflbslj cd]l/sf of] lstfasf] ks| fzs
efge' Qm cfrfo{sf] hLjgL 5 . xf] eg] jL0ff uf| lkmS;,
uft} d a4' nfO{ ;Demg] syf jf/f0f;L -ef/t_ sf] gfd
…sf] 7n" f] <Ú o; k':tssf] db' 0| fdf pNn]5 5 . of] lstfa
clGtd kf7 xf] . o;/L xb] f{ ;g\ @)!* dfr{df 5flkPsf]
;du|df ;fdu|L ;dfofh] g lgs} xf] . klxnf] ;+:s/0fdf Ps
xhf/ kl| t lgsflnPsf]
pNnv] 5 .
$
g]af| :sf @)!* d,] jif{ * cs+ !)&
(Nebraska)
d g]a|f:sf /fHo x'F . g]a|f:sfsf] pQ/tkm{ ;fpy gbL (Platte River) nfO{
g]a|f:sf, dWo–klZrdL tyf 8sf]6f (South Dakota), lrlgG5 .
a[xt\ ;dynsf] /fHo xf] .
blIf0fdf sG;f; (Kansas), nnn
g]a|f:sfsf] /fhwfgL blIf0f–klZrddf sf]nf]/f8f]
lnª\sg (Lincoln) / 7"nf] cd]l/sfsf] !^ cf}+ 7"nf]
zx/ cf]dfxf (Omaha) xf] . (Colorado), klZrddf /fHo xf], h;sf] If]qkmn
jfof]ldª\u (Wyoming), k"j{df && xhf/ # ;o %* ju{
nnn dfOn -@ nfv # ;o ^%
ldh'/L (Missouri) 5 eg] ju{ lsnf]ld6/_
o;nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf NE ldh'/L gbLn] cfof]jf (Iowa)
n]lvG5 . /fHo;Fu ;Ldf agfPsf] 5 . 5.
nnn nnn nnn
g]a|f:sfsf] j]a;fO6 www. /}yfg] cd]l/sLx?sf] ynf] hg;V+ of sl/a !(
nebraska.gov xf] . dflgg] o; /fHosf] gfd nfv @) xhf/ &^
;dyn kfgL (Flat Water) 5 . w]/} hg;+Vof
nnn af6 lnOPsf] xf], h;af6 ePsf /fHodWo] of]
/fHo l5rf]n]/ aUg] Knf§]
g]a|f:sfdf (# j6f #& cf}+ xf] .
sfpG6L (county) 5g\ .
nnn
nnn
g]a|f:sfdf ;g\ !*^& df
cd]l/sfsf] #& cf}+ /fHo
ag]sf] xf] .
cu+ |h] L zAb ;"rL 72 la6 dfbfd{ fb{}
c+uh|] Ldf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 axQ/f+} ;r" L -efu &@_ ;GbeM{ gof“ kl/ro–kq
• determination: ug'{, kSsf ug',{ lglZrt ug,{' ;fh, pks/0f, nIf0f, lrGx, bz] sf] ;/' Iff lglDt aGg] Pg] ,
lgwf/{ 0f ug{' . c+s, ofh] gf, /rgf, ljlw, sfg'g jf lgodaf/] gful/sn]
gfd– cGt, clekf| o, cjwf/0ff, sNkgf, ko| f]u, agfj6, oGq . hfGg' egs] f] gful/ssf]
b9[ tf, lg¿k0f, lg0f{o, c7f6] , • develop: lhDd]jf/L xf] . o;n]
lg0ffo{ s, lgwf/{ 0f, lgZro, k0| f, • devote: ;'/Iff lgsfo, gful/s cflb
kl| t1f, ljrf/, JofVof, ;+sNk, lqmof– ljsf; ug{,' k|:km'l6t÷ ;a}nfO{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .
;dflKt, cbfntL lg0f{o÷km};nf, lj:tf/÷;Djwg{ ug,{' km}ng,' lqmof– ;dlkt{ x'g,' pT;u{ ug',{ o;k6ssf] ;Gbe{ xjfOo{ fqf
b[9 lgZro, b[9 ;+sNk . a9fpg,' pGglt ug'{, JoQm ug{,' r9fpg', 7x/fpg', nufpg,' ubf,{ ;j+ ]bglzn Ifq] df
km:6fpg', dfn} fpg,' z?' x'g', ;D' kg,' Tofu ug',{ clkt{ ug'{ . k|j]zsf nflu xfdL rnfO/xs] f]
gfd– ;dlkt{ . ;fdfGo vfnsf] kl/ro–kqsf]
• determine: agfpg', ;w' f/ ug{,' b]lvg', ljsNkaf/] xf] .
• diagram:
lqmof– 7]Sg', sd/ s:g,' tf8\g,' kmf]6f] wg' ', lj:tf/} b]vfkg{' . efl] nsf lbgdf xfdLnfO{
;l' /g', d;Ss cfF6\g', v'6o\ fpg', • development: gfd– ddl{ rq, /v] flrq, cfsl[ t, o:tf] kl/ro–kq vfrF f]
7Dofpg,' lgwf] ug,'{ lgSof]{Ng,' gfd– lj:tf/, jl[ 4, ;Djwg{ , gSzf, vfsf, /v] f–nv] , lrq, kg{] ePsfn] ;fyLefO,
7x/fpg', 7]ufg nfpg', v'l§g', ;w' f/, ljsf;, qmd–ljsf;, 9fFrf, dfglrq . kl/jf/, jf ;d'bfoleq 5nkmn
c7f]6 ug,{' lg?k0f ug{', ;+sNk cfljisf/, pTyfg, pGglt, cfjZos xg' ;S5 . of] klg
ug{,' lg0f{o ug'{, to ug',{ ;Ldf– ultljlw, gtLhf, kl/0ffd, kmn, • diameter: gful/ssf] lhDd]jf/L g} xf] .
a4 ug',{ 7fGg', kQfnufpg,' aofg, j0f{g, ljj/0f, pTsif{ .
l:y/ ug,'{ km;} nf ug]{ gfd– Jof;, jQ[ sf] kl/lwsf] wGojfb
• device: Ps 5p] af6 sG] b| xF'b} csf{]
6'ªu\ f] ug{,' lg0f{o lng', ;dfKt gfd– t/sLa, ;fwg, pkfo, 5p] kU' g] /]vf .
qmdzM
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada
Building Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut St., Manchester, NH 03101, Email: [email protected]