Study Guide - Español Latino

A1

03

Study Guide

Level I
Beginners

Español Latino, 283 Lees Mill Rd, Atlanta, GA Email: [email protected]
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CONTENTS

A0 CHAPTER I

Preface

Why parents love Español Latino

Guide to Pronunciation

Alphabet

Lesson 1 - Greetings and
goodbyes

Lesson 2 Nouns - Personal
information

Lesson 3 Definite Articles - The
food

Lesson 4 Verb To be "Ser" -
Adjectives - Descriptions

Lesson 5 Regular verbs in the
present - The restaurant

Lesson 6 Interrogative pronouns
- The hotel

Lesson 7 Irregular verbs in the
present - The city

Lesson 8 Modal verbs - The
direction

Lesson 9 Numbers, days and
months - The time

Lesson 10 Verb “gustar” (to like) -
The stores

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CONTENTS

A1 CHAPTER II

Lesson 1 interrogative pronouns
Lesson 2 Nouns, adjectives,
articles – The food
Lesson 3 Verbs in present,
prepositions, interrogative
pronouns -The house
Lesson 4 Pronominal verbs, the
time – The routine
Lesson 5 Possessive adjectives,
verb to like – The hobbies
Lesson 6 Prepositions,
demonstrative adjectives – The
city
Lesson 7 Indefinite adjectives –
The restaurant
Lesson 8 To be (ser vs. estar) –
The friends
Lesson 9 Modal verbs – The health
Lesson 10 Future tense – The
holidays

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CONTENTS

A2 CHAPTER III

Lesson 1 Modality
Lesson 2 ¿Ser, estar, tener or hay?
Lesson 3 Possessives (adjectives
and pronouns)
Lesson 4 Reflexive verbs
Lesson 5 Demonstratives
Lesson 6  The near future and the
present continuous
Lesson 7 Indefinite (adjectives and
pronouns)
Lesson 8 The verb gustar and
similars
Lesson 9 The present perfect
tense
Lesson 10 Direct object pronouns
Lesson 11 Story to read

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Preface

At Español Latino we pride ourselves on providing a wealth of
information and resources for Spanish students in addition to
our convenient course booking services and industry-low
prices.

Español Latino offers you the opportunity to learn the language
spoken by millions of people in the many Spanish - speaking
countries around the world. We are proud of our Spanish
language, cultures, traditions and nations. It is in this spirit that
we’ve made this study guide as example of our lessons to
anyone interested in learning the beautiful Spanish language
with us.

The purpose of this guide is to introduce you some of our
curriculum from the “ab-solute beginner” category to
“advanced.” Once you’ve read the guide, you’ll be equipped
with a core set of skills that will enable you to take your
learning further, either through additional self-study or by
enrolling in our actual language courses. We hope the lessons
serve you well!

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WHY PARENTS LOVE

ESPAÑOL LATINO

IT'S EASY FOR YOU

Total availability online from day one. Study and expand
your knowledge of Spanish at your own pace, from where
you want and when you want.

OUTSTANDING TEACHERS

Katira Castro Español Latino teachers encourage and motivate students
Puerto Rico by using a variety of resources. Our teachers utilize the
communicative approach to language acquisition,
"Español Latino does a meaning that students are active participants in the
wonderful job teaching classroom. Students learn from a variety of resources
Spanish to children. She including textbooks, videos, TED Talks, news articles and
teaches in a highly engaging current events that draw from contemporary real-life
manner, using interactive experiences.
games and experiences to
keep their focus and make INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY
learning fun".

Our innovative live learning platform combines video chat,
interactive tools, and collaborative workspace to create a
rich, rewarding one-on-one session with exactly the right
tutor for you. Students are able to engage easily with the
curriculum as it is presented by the teacher and
accompanied by visual and audio exercises on the
screen.

Ana Carolina Duarte Kinlen A LEARNING EXPERIENCE WITHOUT LIMITS

Venezuela 24 Online Spanish courses

"Español Latino has been Self paced-courses plus a tutor
teaching my child for the past
month and we are very pleased. 01 Variety of courses 02 Learning resources
They are professional,
knowledgeable, and very creative Spanish courses for self- Vocabulary Trainer, Verb
in how she engages my child to study: Grammar, Business, Conjugator, Online
learn Spanish". Vocabulary & Travel Translator, etc.

03 Live Tutor 04 24/7

Advice and technical Spanish courses online
support during your course available at different 7
levels, ranging from
beginners to advanced level
(A0-C2). Professionals,
Vocabulary and
Travel. Learning resources +
Podcasts + Videos + tutor.

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GUIDE TO
PRONUNCIATION

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SPANISH PRONUNCIATION

Vowels

Spanish only has five vowel sounds (English has over 15!) which correspond to the five
vowel letters, regardless of their position in a word. There are no silent vowels in Spanish.
The five vowel sounds in Spanish are:

a as in drama
e as in bet
i as in deep
o as in coat
u as in loop

Let's see some examples:

El corta el césped. Paseo el perro.
He mows the lawn. Walk the dog.

Limpiar la recámara. Ella lava los platos. Ustedes sacan la basura.
Clean the bedroom. She washes the dishes. You take out the trash.

The semi-consonant y is
pronounced like i [ee] when
used a conjunction: Pedro y
Maria (Pedro and Maria); its
sounds softens next to a
vowel (as an yellow): Juan y
yo somos muy buenos
amigos (Juan and I are very
good friends).

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Consonants

Spanish has basically the same consonant like sounds as English.
However, there are a few particulars to keep in mind:

- b and v are very often pronounced the same way, as in "bee."

- c (soft), s, and z vary in pronunciation in some Spanish dialects,
However, in all but the rarest cases, they can all be pronounced
like the s in "soft" without risk of confusion.

- g is hard as in good before a, o and u, but soft as in horse
before e or i.

- gu is used before e and i to represent a hard g sound as in
good (note that here the u does not function as a vowel; gu is a
digraph in which two letters represent a single sound as in the
the).

- h is always mute as in herbs.

- j is pronounced like the h in horse.

- ll is always pronounced as the y in yellow.

- ñ represents a particular sound which resemble the ny
combination found in canyon.

- qu is used before e and i to represent a hard c sound as in cat
(see gu above)

- r at the beginning of a word is trilled.

- rr represents a trill in the middle of a word. Although ch and ll have been
officially dropped from the
Spanish alphabet, dictionaries
and glossaries publisehed
before 1994 will continue to
show them as separate entries

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GREETINGS AND
GOODBYES

LESSON I

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Greeting and Goodbyes ¿¡QHuoelat!al?

¡Hola! Muy bien

Bi¿eynt,úg?racias,

Some greetings are more formal than ¡Hola! when you greet an older person, you may use one
of the following expressions.

Buenos días, señora. Buenas tardes, señor Buenas noches, señorita

The titles señor, señora, and señorita are often used without the last name of the person.
Buenas tardes señor
Buenos días, señora.
Buenas noches, señorita

Saying good-bye

The common expression to use when saying good-bye to someone is ¡Adiós!
If you plan to see the person again soon, you can say ¡Hasta pronto! or ¡Hasta luego! If
you plan to see the person the next days, you can say ¡Hasta mañana!

An informal expression you often hear, particularly in Spain and in Argentina, is ¡Chao!

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Introducing people and responding to an
introduction

If yu're male, use Encantado. If
you're female, use Encantada.
You will learn more about
masculine and feminine endings
in Chapter 2

Exercices 1.1 Te presento a …

(May I introduce you to...)

Hija Hola.
Tú ____________(1).
Hija Éste es mi amigo Carlos.
Tú ____________(2), Carlos.
Carlos Igualmente. Eh, perdón. ¿Cómo te ____(3),

por favor?
Tú Me _______(4) _________(5).
Hija Bueno,________(6) clase. Tengo que irme.
Tú Hasta______(7)
Carlos __________(8)

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Exercices 1.2 Saludos y despedidas .

(Hello and goodbyes)

How would you greet or say goodbye to the following people? How would they respond your
greetings?.

a) b) c)

d) e) f)

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Asking how someone is and saying how you are

In Spanish, there are manyways to ask
a person how he or she is doing.
Throughout Spain and Latin America
you will hear. ¿Qué pasa? (What's
happening?) and ¿Qué hay?/ ¿Qué
tal?/ (What's up?) In Mexico, you will
also hear ¿Qué hubo? or ¿Qué
onda?

Exercices 1.3 Let's hear: how are you?

Role - play the following conversation with your teacher using expression from Así se dice. See the
modelo below:

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Exercices 1.4 ¿Cómo contestas?.

How do you answer?

How would you answer the following? Select your responses from the expressions you have learned.

¡Hola! ¿Qué tal? Éste es mi amigo Antonio

¿Cómo estás? Soy Eduardo Robledo. ¿Y tú?

¡Hasta luego! ¿Cómo te llamas?

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Describe some feelings

Feelings masculine + feminine forms

enojada/o (angry) feliz (happy) cansado/a (tired) confundida /o (confused)

emocionado/a (excited) contenta /o (happy) aburrida/o (bored) triste (sad)

nerviosa/o (nervious) enferma /o (sick) orgullosa/o (proud) mal (bad)

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Exercices 1.5 ¿Cómo está?.

Answer according to the photos

1.¿Cómo está la joven? 2. Y el joven ¿cómo está?
¿Está aburrida o contenta? ¿Está triste o emocionado?

3. La señora ¿está bien o 4. El muchacho, ¿está triste o cansado?
está furiosa?

Y la señora, ¿está nerviosa o ¿Cómo está la joven?¿Está nerviosa o está
confundida? orgullosa?

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DEFINITE ARTICLE
- THE FOOD

LESSON 3

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Lesson 3
Definite Articles in Spanish

Definite articles are used to talk about specific nouns. Spanish has four definite articles:
el, la, los, and las.
In Spanish, nouns don't like to be alone, so they are often accompanied by articles!
Spanish articles indicate the gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or
plural) of a noun, as well as whether or not a noun is a specific noun (definite or
indefinite).

There are four definite articles in Spanish, and they often all translate to the same little
word in English: the. There are also cases where they don't have a direct English
translation, but help to indicate the gender and number of a noun.

Definite Article Forms:
Here are the four forms that Spanish definite articles take.

Matching Gender and Number
A definite article always has to match both the gender and number of its noun.
If the noun is feminine and singular (like tomate), then the article also has to be
feminine and singular (el tomate). If that same noun is plural (like tomates) the article
is also plural (los tomates).

Check out these examples with different definite articles in Spanish.

el tomate los tomates el huevo los huevos

la papa las papas el queso los quesos

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el plátano los plátanos la lechuga las lechugas

el pescado los pescados la fresa las fresas

la sandía las sandías el pollo los pollos

Exercices 3.1 Las comidas ...

Write the appropriate definite article for each noun.

_____ pescado (m./sing) ____ sandías (f./pl.) ____ pollo (m./sing)
____ tomates (m./pl)
_____ plátanos (m./pl) ____ lechugas (f./pl) ____ papa(f./sing)
____ plátano (m./sing)
_____ huevo (m./sing) ____ quesos (m./pl)

_____ fresa (f./sing) ____ tomate (m./sing)

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Lesson 3
Indefinite Articles in Spanish

An indefinite article, called an artículo indefinido in Spanish, makes a noun refer to a
nonspecific item or items of its class.
Imagine a box full of pens, with a blue, green, black and one red pen, so when we say
“Give me the red pen” we are referring to a particular pen, while the sentence “Give me a
pen” could refer to any pen. So that is the difference, definite articles are associated with
specific or particular items while indefinite article like a and an may refer any items. Let's
see this example:

In English, there are only two indefinite articles, "a" and "an." In Spanish, there are four
indefinite articles, un, una, unos, and unas.

Agreement in Number or Gender Matters

There are two singular indefinite articles, un and una, translating to "a" or "an.". The
indefinite article always has to match both the gender and number of its noun. For
example, if a noun is masculine and singular (like libro), then its article also has to be
masculine and singular (so, un libro). If the noun is femenine and singular (like silla), the
article would also be feminine (so, una silla). The same happen with the plural form.
There are two plural forms of indefinite articles in Spanish, unos and unas, translating to
"a few" or "some." Unos is masculine. Unas is feminine. In this case, the correct form to
use depends on the gender of the word being described, for example,

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Here are some examples of sentences with undefined articles in Spanish so you can see
how they should match the other parts of the sentence.

Quiero una mochila roja. Hay unos libros y unos cuadernos encima de su mesa.

I want a red backpack. There are books and notebooks on your table.

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¿Puedes prestarme unos lápices? Necesito estudiar, tengo un examen muy importante
mañana.
Can you lend me some pencils?
I need to study, I have a very important exam tomorrow.

Exceptions

When a feminine singular noun begins with a stressed á, a, or ha, the masculine indefinite
article (un) is used instead of the feminine indefinite article (una) to aide in pronunciation.

When the same noun is plural, the feminine article is used.
Here is an example of feminine nouns that take the masculine indefinite article in the
singular. As the table shows, they take the feminine plural article in the plural.

un aula unas aulas

The omission of the indefinite article

Finally, after the verb ser when talking about unmodified nationality, profession, trade or
religions and political affiliations. To illustrate this, saying " “Soy profesor” " is totally
correct, but saying " “Soy un profesor” " is not.
When the adjective or nominative predicate forms a part of the title of the profession or is
an intrinsic characteristic, the indefinite article is omitted.

The use of the indefinite article in such cases carries a special emphasis.

Mi padre es un profesor de inglés.

Entre muchos, mi padre se destaca.

Juan es un mal alumno.

Es, probablemente, el peor de la clase.

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María es una española.

Ella representa lo español.

It's time to practice the articles un, una, unos, unas and the rules about them. Now let's
practice

3.2 Talking about what you need

Cosas para el colegio. Things for school.

Elena is telling her father what she needs for
school. Complete each sentence with un or una.

Tengo_____ (un/una) libro de matemáticas
pero necesito ________ (un/una) cuaderno.
Tengo _______ (un/una) bolígrafo, _____
(un/una) goma de borrar y _________(un/una)
carpeta. Necesito _____________diccionario,
________(un/una) calculadora, una regla y
_________ (un/una) lápiz. Y
necesito_______(un/una) mochila nueva.

VERB TO BE "SER"-
ADJECTIVES-
DESCRIPTION

LESSON 4

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Lesson 4 Verb To be "Ser" - Adjectives -
Descriptions

A word that describes a noun is an adjective. The words in red from the following
sentences are adjectives.

Ella es mayor. Pedro es simpático.

Adjective Agreement
IIn Spanish, adjectives must agree with the noun (or pronoun) they describe in gender
and in number. This means that if the noun an adjective describes is masculine, the
adjective must be masculine, and if that same noun is also plural, the adjective will be
masculine and plural as well. For example:

a) The noun el niño (the boy) is singular and masculine, so any adjectives used to describe
it most also be singular and masculine feliz (happy)

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b) The noun los niños (the boys) is plural and masculine, so any adjectives used to
describe it most also be plural and masculine felices (happy).

Descriptive Adjectives

Spanish adjectives are usually listed in their masculine singular form in dictionaries, so it is
important to know how to match these masculine singular adjectives to whatever noun you
happen to be describing. Most adjectives end in o, e, or a consonant in their singular
masculine forms. Below you will find the rules for matching these adjectives to their
respective nouns in gender and number. Let's see this general rules.
1. Adjectives that end in o drop the final o and add an a after a feminine noun.

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To make an o adjective plural in the masculine or feminine form, add an s to the singular
ending. Check out this blog for more details
2. Adjectives that end in e or a consonant do not change after a feminine noun.

Exceptions:
Adjectives of nationality that end in a consonant add an a in the feminine form. Adjectives
that en in án, ón, ín, or or add an a or -as to the masculine singular form and delete the
written accent if necessary.

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Here are some adjectives that describe people.

Perezoso /a (lazy) Feliz (happy) joven (young) pelirroja (redhead)

enojada/o (angry) baja /o (small) mayor (old) inteligente (intelligent)

calvo/a (bald) canoso (gray hair) guapa/o (beautiful) morena (brunette)

In Spanish, most adjectives come after the noun.

La muchacha delgada El hombre joven y alto. El hombe gordo.
Thin girl. The young tall man. The fat man.

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Some adjectives that describe number or quantity come before the noun.

Exercises

4.1 Physical description...

Observe the following physical descriptions and photographs and locate the adjectives and
mark it/s.

Yo creo que esta mujer es Es un niño muy guapo y Yo pienso que es un
muy guapa. Es bastante bajo para su edad. Es hombre un poquito feo.
delgada y muy alta. Ella moreno y tiene el pelo Él mide 1,75. No es ni
mide 1,85. Es castaña y rizado y corto. Tiene los alto, ni bajo. Es un
tiene un pelo larguísimo y ojos cerrados. Tiene la hombre joven y muy
ondulado. Tiene unos ojos nariz y la boca gordo. Lleva
verdes preciosos y lleva pequeñas. Lleva una pantalones cortos y
un sombrero de paños. camisa blanca de rayas camisa de color azul.
y está muy feliz.

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4.2 Wrong Physicist Descriptions

Observe the following physical descriptions and photographs and locate if there are errors
and mark it / s.

Mark the error / errors: Mark the error / errors:

Es una chica muy bajita, mide unos Es un hombre joven y muy alto. Es
1,56 m. Es delgada. Es pelirroja y calvo. Está feliz ylleva una camisa de

tiene el pelo largo y recogido. color blanco.

4.3 Oral or written expression

Use these photos to describe them orally or in writing with the help of your teacher.

a) b) c)

d) e) f)

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4.4 Who is it?

Click on the person in the image that corresponds to each of the following descriptions.

Es una persona de mediana edad. Es Es una estudiante. Es una persona muy
morena y lleva pelo corto con labios de color delgada. Tiene el pelo largo y una
rojo. camiseta de color naranja.
¿Quién es? ¿Quién es?

Es una persona de mediana edad. Es calvo y Es una persona de joven. Tiene el pelo largo,
lleva barba. color café. Tiene los labios pintados de rojo.
¿Quién es? ¿Quién es?

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4.5 Adjective Spelling

Circle the adjective that is spelled correctly

1. calvo calbo balco 6. amoble amavle amable

2. delgada belgada delgaba 7. enogado emojado enojado

3. inteligente inletigente inletinge 8. travajador trabajadol trabajador

4. canoco canoso samoso 9. perezozo pereososo perezos

5. morana morena morema 10. gordo gorbo bordo

4.6 ¿Why?

There is usually a reason for everything. Talk to your teacher. He or she will ask you how you
are feeling. Answer and explain why you are feeling as you are. Somo of the following words

may be helpful to you.

nervioso cansado triste

melancólico contento

de buen humor de mal humor

You are familiar with the singular forms of ser (to be).

Here are all forms of the verb

Soy alto/a. Nosotros/as somos

Eres bajo/a. Vosotros/as sois bajos/as.

Es cómico/a Son cómicos/as.

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VERB TENER– TO
HAVE

LESSON 9

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Verbo Tener- to have(irregular verb)

The irregular verb tener is one of the most difficult Spanish verbs to conjugate and to use
correctly. The everyday Spanish verb tener, usually translated as "to have," is particularly
useful. Not only is it used to indicate possession, it is also used in a variety of idiomatic
expressions to indicate emotions or states of being.
Note that when tener means "to have," it does so in the sense of meaning "to possess" or
"to own." The equivalent of the English auxiliary verb "to have," as in "you have seen," is
haber (as in has visto, you have seen).

Using Tener To Mean ‘To Have'

Most of the time, tener is used in much the same way as "to have" is in English.
Depending on the context, it can also be translated using synonyms such as "to possess"
and "to own":
Let's see some example.

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Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Tener (to Have)
Like many other commonly used verbs, tener is irregular. The ending er changes
to go in the (yo) form (first person singular). Also, e changes to ie in the tú, Ud.,
and Uds. forms of the verb. These three traits explain the present tense forms of
the verb tener:

Now let’s see a few example sentences using the verb tener in the present tense:
- to express sensation

Yo tengo un tos. Tengo
dolor de garganta

I havea cough. I have a sore throat.

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- To indicate possession

Tenemos un libro. Yo tengo un helado. Nosotros tenemos un perro y
un gato.
We have a book. I have an ice cream.
We have a dog and a cat.

Tengo una manzana. Miguel tiene una linda familia.

I have an apple. Miguel has a beautiful family.

-
To express age

Tengo 78 años. Tenemos 30 años. Tengo 7 años.

I am 78 years old. We are 30 years old. I am 7 years old.

- To indicate obligation

Tengo que quedarme en cama. Tengo que lavar los platos. Tenemos que pasear al perro.

I have to stay in bed. I have to watch the dishes. We have to walk the dog.

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9.1 ¿Cómo está?

1.¿Está enferma la niña?
¿Tiene la gripe?
¿Tiene tos?
¿Tiene dolor de garganta?
¿Tiene fiebre?
¿Tiene escalofríos?
¿Tiene dolor de cabeza?
¿Está siempre cansada?

2. ¿Está enfermo el muchacho?

¿Estornuda mucho?

¿Tiene tos?

¿Está resfriado?

¿Está en la cama?

¿Tiene que guardar cama?

¿Tiene dolor de cabeza?

¿Qué opinión tienes?¿Qué crees?¿Está
el muchacho de buen humos o de mal
humor?

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9.2 Todos están enfermos

Describe cold symptoms and minor ailments. Choose one of the people in the illustrations.
Describe him or her.

Rosa Ana

Gloria David

9.3 ¡Por favor!

Write a note describing a minor illness.
You're supposed to take a Spanish test
today but you are not feeling well. Write a
note to your Spanish teacher explaining
why you can
to take the test, and mention some
symptoms you have.

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FAMILY MEMBERS II

LESSON 2

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Let's meet Miguel's family!

Yo soy Miguel, soy un niño muy travieso, y esta es mi hermosa familia. Mis
padres y yo somos de México. Vivimos en una casa muy grande y tenemos un
perro, Dante. Mi madre se llama Luisa, es ama de casa. Es inteligente y muy
guapa. Mi padre se llama Enrique, es zapatero y trabaja en una zapatería. Es
extrovertido y muy amable.
Select the correct option:
1.Dante es el ______ de Miguel. (perro, padre, mamá)
2.Luisa es la ______ de Miguel. (perro, padre, mamá)
3.Enrique es el______de Miguel (mamá, padre, perro)
Answer the questions:
1.¿Cómo se llama el papá de Miguel?
2.¿Cómo se llama la mamá de Miguel?
3.¿Qué es la mamá de Miguel?
4.¿Qué es el papá de Miguel?
5.¿Cómo es la casa de Miguel?
6. ¿Cómo se llama el perro de Miguel?
7.¿De dónde es la familia de Miguel?
8.¿Dónde trabaja Enrique?

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Answer the questions:
a) ¿Cómo se llama el papá del tío Berto?
b) ¿Cómo se llama la mamá de Miguel?
c) ¿Cómo se llama la mamá de Manny y Benny?
d) ¿Cómo se llama la hermana de Abel?
e) ¿Cómo se llama el esposo de la tía Gloria?
f) ¿Cómo se llama la hermana de mamá?
g) ¿Cómo se llama la mamá de mi mamá Luisa?
h) ¿Cómo se llama el papá de la mamá de Miguel?

2.6 Crossword

Horizontal
1 Abel y Rosa son ____________.
4 Abel, Rosa y Miguel son _________.
8 Mamá Elena es la ___ de Mamá Luisa.
9 Mamá Luisa es la____ de papá Enrique.
10 Benny es el ___de tía Rosa y tío Alberto.
11 Mamá Luisa y tía Carmen son las ____de Mamá Elena.
Vertical
2 Manny es el ____de Benny.
3 Tía Gloria y tía Carmen son las ________de Miguel.
5 Tío Berto es el ________de tía Gloria.
6 Mamá Luisa y papá Enrique son los ________de Miguel.
7 Miguel es el ________de papá Franco.

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